leges and monopolies granted to one class or order of society, at the expense of another,' &c. that all free trade of whatever description must be a mutual benefit to the parties concerned in it;' that countries should study to direct their labours to those departments of industry for which their situation and circumstances are best adapted,' &c. &c.; all which as general principles no one denies or doubts. But the question is left untouched whether the manufacturing.industry of a whole nation can be called a monopoly; or measures taken to save it from the attacks of foreign jealousyan immunity'; that we have at present free trade' with any nation on earth, is not asserted, and would be difficult to establish, nor is any attempt made to show the 'mutual benefit' arising from our commerce with Great Britain in particular. That the situation and circumstances' of the United States are best adapted' to agriculture without manufactures, is equally unproved, and these generalities, of which the above are but specimens, leave the question precisely where it was before.

The same Remonstrance, is still more unfortunate in its facts; doubtless without any intention to misrepresent; thus the Virginia Agriculturists are made to say we ask no tax upon manufacturers for our benefit, neither do we desire any thing of government, to enable us to cultivate the soil as profitably as we could wish, but to leave us free, so far as it depends on them, to carry our products to the best markets we can find, and to purchase what we want in return on the best terms we can, either at home or abroad,' &c.

One is almost tempted to conclude from the positiveness of the assertion in the above sentence, that the gentlemen who made it, were not aware of the existence of any duties, whose effect or object is to protect agricultural industry, and particularly the agricultural industry of the southern states, from the dangers of foreign competition. Yet tobacco in the leaf is subject to a duty of fifteen per cent; manufactured

tobacco, pays ten per cent. per pound, and snuff twelve cents, for the protection of the agriculturists of Virginia, and the other states that raise tobacco. Cotton is subjected to a heavy duty, hemp, cheese, spirits distilled from grain, and coals are also dutied, to the benefit of agriculture. Whether the primary object of these imposts was merely revenue, or a protection of agriculture from foreign rivalship, we know not; certain it is the effect cannot be mistaken. The truth therefore is that at this moment a manufacturer of cotton goods, is not allowed by the policy of our laws, when he purchases his raw material to enjoy the benefit of that maxim which the Remonstrance upholds,' to buy as cheap as you can, no matter where,' but is forced to procure his cotton from his own countrymen, without having the advantage of that competion between the foreign and domestic growth of the article, which the Remonstrance declares it is the duty of every wise and just government to secure to him.' He buys his tobacco, his hemp, his whiskey, his cheese under the same disadvantages; disadvantages imposed on him, for the benefit of the agriculturists, yet, it is said, he must not expect any reciprocity of favour; the planter, and the farmer from whom he is obliged to buy his cotton, tobacco, whiskey, &c. at a price, ten per cent. higher than he need give for them, if the laws allowed him free access to a foreign market, are not to be prevented from going into that same foreign market, and purchasing goods there at a price lower than the manufacturer of their own country can afford, (because of the operation of these very laws,) to sell them for. This is an important fact, and quite lost sight of in most of the essays, resolutions, &c. against domestic manufactures. Whether the present system in this respect is right or wrong, we do not pretend to say; the Fredericksburgh Remonstrance, terms the tillers of the earth, the fountain head of all wealth, of all power, and of all prosperity.' It claims for them, however, no exclusive privileges; and those who

drafted it probably were not aware that the law gave them any exemption from foreign rivalship. We do not purpose, at present to contend for either the plan adopted, or the plan proposed, but to remark upon the obvious deficiencies in the reasoning which are addressed to the public on either side.

Mr. Carey's Three Letters are worthy the attention of all such as desire to form their opinions impartially on the subject. He is a zealous, a persevering, and an able advocate. He has written much, and of course thought much on this question, and his writings have the advantage of being free from the crudeness, and looseness as to statistics, that impair the value of so many productions, of less experienced champions, of either side.

It has appeared to us that in his writings, and in the Addresses of the Philadelphia Society, there has been too frequent a reference to the example of England, and too confident a reliance on the inductions made from circumstances in her history.-Let him answer this objection in his own words; the following extract is from the seventh page.

'Some of our politicians have written long essays protesting against citing the example of England, in consequence of the immense numbers, and the distress and misery of her poor-and the wasteful wars she wages, which they charge to the account of her manufactures! The misery of her poor arises from their labour being superseded by machineryand her wars arise from her ambition. To censure the system by which she acquires wealth, for the ill uses to which it is applied, would be as absurd, as to censure agriculture for the waste of the money made by an industrious, but extravagant farmer or planter.

'The case of France is more decisive and more recent, and not so well known. She has, merely by protecting the industry of her subjects, healed all the wounds she received by the profligate ambition of her rulers-by the ravages of

ART. VI.-The Muses: an Ode, by a young gentleman of Philadelphia, aged fourteen.

The following genuine production of a very youthful poet will be interesting to all such as delight in beholding the early efforts of a mind not yet opened to its full expansion, nor chastened by the discipline of criticism.

The idea is, as far as we know, novel, and is certainly in-
genious, and perfectly classic, to introduce the muses chant-
ing their favourite strains in presence of the gods; and
our young
bard has executed his bold attempt, in a manner
that cannot fail to conciliate a forgiveness of such faults as
are inevitable to so inexperienced a composer.

THE king of gods and men proclaim'd a feast,
Grac'd with the gorgeous splendor of the east,
Ordain'd to celebrate the joyful hour,
When Juno entered first the nuptial bower;
Though oft, the huntress fair

Had since renewed her star,

Diana, charmer of the lingering night;
Hyperion oft, his annual course began,

Oft, lit the cradle and the tomb of man;
Yet still she bloom'd unfaded in his sight,
Unaltered in her charms,

As first she blest his arms,

Saturnia, of the skies unspotted as the light.

Thy joys, oh Bacchus! are not nigh,

The Muses now the charms of song supply.
The Muses, offspring of the Olympian sire,
Advance to try the sounding lyre;

All list, the heavenly warblers move
Their native songs to grace the feast of Jove.

Calliope the strain began,

And o'er the strings her flying fingers ran;

Soaring amid the clouds sublime,
The hero's deeds she sung,

And from her raptured tongue

The heavenly numbers flow'd, and kept concordant time. Yet while Pallas woke the shell;

The tuneful goddess fram'd a milder theme;

By chaste Minerva's heaven-taught skill refin'd:
How nobly sweet the breathing swell!

The ear enraptur'd caught the pure celestial hymn.
Mars has led his crimson'd legion

Far, to seek a genial region.

Hermes, reconciling god,

Unites with thee, and waves his rod
With thee, Minerva bids destruction cease,
And joins th' immortals in the bonds of peace.
'Twas hush'd; she wing'd her flight away,
And with her pass'd th' heroic lay.

But Clio* comes, with steady eye,
And unassuming dignity;

Spurning the lyre, she sings
The wars of kings,

The philosophic sage

Renown'd in long pass'd age;

Clashing arms!

Dread alarms!
A throne is death!
Fleeting as breath!
A monarch's fall

Is but a monarch's rise;

Still gloomy Atropos prepares the pall,

* Muse of History.