BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE A vast amount of material has appeared in print dealing with international law and the war generally, and with the submarine question particularly. Much of this is of a very ephemeral character, and it would be futile to attempt any exhaustive bibliography. Attention may, however, be properly drawn to some of the more accessible and important authorities. The diplomatic documents on the submarine controversy have been published in several forms. The Department of State has issued three White Papers (the last appearing on August 12, 1916); the correspondence then available appears, very competently edited, in Supplements (July, 1915, and October, 1916) to the American Journal of International Law; some of the documents are available in the convenient form of the pamphlets of the World Peace Foundation and the American Association for International Conciliation; many of them were published in the Congressional Record from time to time, and Congressman S. D. Fess has attempted to collect them all under the title, "The Problems of Neutrality When the World Is at War" (64th Congress, 2d Session, House Document, 2111). Most of the more important notes appear without abridgment in The New York Times Current History, which is valuable also for an account of all the submarine outrages, some of which did not figure in the diplomatic exchanges. The most elaborate secondary work is Dr. Coleman Phillipson's International Law and the Great War (London, 1915, and New York, 1916), but this was completed immediately after the sinking of the Lusitania. More valuable is the material which has appeared in the American Journal of International Law. Under the general heading "International Law and the European War," Professor James W. Garner has discussed "The Use of Submarine Mines" (Vol. IX, p. 86); "Contraband, Right of Search, and Continuous Voyage" (Ibid., p. 372); "War Zones and Submarine Warfare" (Ibid., p. 594); "Destruction of Neutral Merchant Ves sels" (Vol. X, p. 12); "The Sale and Exportation of Arms and Munitions of War to Belligerents" (Ibid., p. 749). Elaborate editorials by the distinguished editor of the Journal, Dr. James Brown Scott, cover practically all of the legal questions to which the war has given rise. Worthy of mention also are the following: Edwin J. Clapp, Economic Aspects of the War (New Haven, 1915), which attacks England's restrictions on trade; Sir Francis Piggott, The Neutral Merchant and Contraband of War and Blockade (London, 1915), which is by far the best defense of the Orders in Council and deserves an American edition; Sir Frederick Smith, The Destruction of Merchant Ships under International Law (London, 1917); A. Pearce Higgins, Defensively Armed Merchant Ships and Submarine Warfare (London, 1917), which is an amplified edition of his American Journal of International Law article (Vol. VIII, p. 705; also published as Senate Document No. 332, 64th Congress, 1st Session); Raleigh C. Minor, "The Rule of Law Which Should Govern the Conduct of Submarines with Reference to Enemy and Neutral Merchant Vessels and the Conduct of Such Vessels Toward Submarines" (Proceedings of the American Society of International Law, 1916, Vol. X, p. 51)—an extremely clear statement of the rules, and William Cullen Dennis, "Rights of Citizens of Neutral Countries to Sell and Export Arms and Munitions of War to Belligerents" (Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. LX, p. 168). Special attention should be directed, finally, to two articles, each of which gives, I think, the best discussion thus far of its particular subject. An anonymous writer, evidently an American, contributes to The Round Table (June, 1916, No. 23) a remarkably able article on "The German-American Submarine Controversy," which discusses the most important points up to the sinking of the Sussex; and Professor Monroe Smith gives in the Political Science Quarterly (December, 1916) a sometimes cursory but always incisive and fair consideration of "American Diplomacy in the European War." |