We are now enabled to complete many of our statistical tables for the calendar year, 1851, and the review is full of interest. The imports at New York show a considerable increase over the previous year. In the annexed comparison they would seem to be less, owing to the fact that during most of the year 1850, the receipts of gold dust from California were included among the imports, and it is now difficult to separate them. In the imports for 1851, the item of specie includes only the receipts from Foreign ports. The California gold dust entered upon manifest in addition was $29,416,252, but even this does not include all of the receipts, as much was brought in private hands. This has been already seen in the deposits at the Mint.

SPIRITS. There has been a great falling off in the amount of sales of wines and spirituous liquors during the past year, and prices have been very low, affording poor profits to importers.

TOBACCO. On the 1st of January, 1851, the stock in our public and private warehouses was 11,529 hhds. The total inspections during the year amounted to 42,742 hhds., which, added to the stock on hand in January, made an aggregate of 54,271 hhds. Of this amount there have been shipped, as is seen by the statement annexed, 36,572 hhds., leaving the stock on hand on 1st inst., 17,699 hhds. showing an increase of 6,170 hhds. upon that of last year.

The foreign exports the past year show a decrease from 1850 of 10,334 hhds., and those coastwise, of 5,860, making a total decrease in foreign and coastwise, of 16,294 hhds. The purchases of yellow and spangled Ohio for Austria and Russia, sum up about 3,500 hhds., a larger quantity than usual; and the superior selections and moderate prices of red descriptions, France not being a competitor, induced larger purchases for the Rhine. We review the course of the market as follows: The quotations in January were, for Maryland good ordinary $550 a $6 75; middling $7 to $8, and good to fine, from $8 50 to $10; for Ohio inferior to good common, $5 25 a $5 75; good red and spangled, $6 a $7 50; good and fine red and spangled, $8 a $11. The very reduced stock on hand at this time occasioned much firmness on the part of holders, and the inspections continuing light, prices were well maintained, with sales of upwards of 2,000 hhds. Maryland during the month, consisting principally of middling to fine leafy, at $6 to $8. Towards the close of March the receipts began to grow heavier, though amounting at the end of the first three months, to but 2,123 hhds., whilst the exports in the same period reached 2,734 hhds., leaving a stock on hand of only 10,066 hhds., the smallest quantity in our warehouses at any one time for a number of years. In April the market began to decline, and prices continued depressed until the quotations were, in June, for Maryland common to good ordinary, $4 50 a $6; middling, $6 a $6 50; good to fine brown, $7 50 a $8, and for Ohio reds, $5 a $7 50, and spangled and yellow $6 50 a $13. Near the close of June very unfavorable accounts were received from Planters in Maryland, to the effect that the crop was suffering from the drouth; and this intelligence continuing for several weeks, served to impart more firmness to factors, and a large portion of the stock was temporarily withdrawn from the market. Owing to this, sales of Maryland were made in July at an advance of 25 cts. per 100 lbs., upon prices paid three months previously. The market remained with this feeling until early in August, whilst for Ohio descriptions, in consequence of the limited demand, it was difficult to obtain former prices, particularly for reds; since then the tendency for both Maryland and Ohio has continued downward. The crop of Maryland turned out to be inferior to that of other years, and all the grades of this growth, from common to fine qualities, are now selling at an average of $1 50 to $2 per 100 lbs. less than at the commencement of the season. The crop of Ohio was likewise very inferior; all the descriptions, however, of yellow and spangled brought fair prices until near the middle of October, since when they have been neglected. In the absence of the usual demand for France this year, the descriptions of red Ohio tobacco suitable for that government have continued to decline from the opening of the business, and the quotations are now much lower, with a stock left over of about 6,000 hhds. We quote present prices, viz.; for Maryland frosted, $3 a 3 50; common to good ordinary, $3 50 a 4 50; middling, $5 a 6, and good to fine brown, $7 to 8 a $9. Ohio, for inferior to good common, $4 a 5; good red and spangled, $5 50 a 6 50; good and fine red and spangled, $7 to $10; good and fine yellow, $11 to $13. Prices of Ohio as quoted only nominal.

VALUE OF DRY GOODS ENTERED FOR CONSUMPTION-CONTINUED.

Total entered.. 7,262,724 6,122,006 2,678,809 3,622,933 53,688,016 54,524,141 Add withdrawn 468,963 627,812 203,628 487,225 4,910,553 6,102,259

Total passed to

consumption. 7,731,687 6,749,818 2,882,437 4,110,163 58,598,569 60,626,400 VALUE OF FOREIGN DRY GOODS WITHDRAWN FROM WAREHOUSE DURING THE YEARS

Total....... $1,856,237 $1,893,535 $1,229,457 $1,409,510 $1,152,268 $1,684,177

VALUE OF FOREIGN DRY GOODS WITHDRAWN FROM WAREHOUSE-CONTINUED.

Total............ $468,963 $627,812 $203,628 $487,225 $4,910,553 $6,102,259

6,263
18,176 56,083

68,538

296,218

393,821

212,332 353,662

WHISKY. There are three distilleries in Baltimore kept in active operation the year round, capable of manufacturing at least 200 barrels a day; and another establishment upon a large scale is about to commence business. The whole amount manufactured here during the past year must have reached, at the lowest calculation, 40,000 barrels; and the quantity received from the country is estimated at 60,000 barrels; making a total, in round numbers, of 100,000 barrels.

TOBACCO INSPECTIONS AT BALTIMORE FOR THE LAST TEN YEARS.

25,013

27,085

30,689

23,491

34,580

41,416

39,538

32,249

29,354

33,759

EXPORTS OF TOBACCO FROM THE PORT OF BALTIMORE, FOR THE LAST TEN YEARS.

Years.

Bremen. Rotterdam. Amsterdam. France. All other pla's. Total.

WOOL. As near as can be estimated, there have been about 500,000 lbs. of domestic wool of all descriptions sold in this market during the past year. About the first of June prices ruled high, averaging for washed 37 cents, and for unwashed one-third less; after that time the market fell down to 30 cents, since when, however, it has been steadily improving. We understand that the high prices which wool brought last year induced many farmers to turn their attention more particularly to sheep, so that in all probability there will be an increased production of wool in 1852 upon that of last year. There were but two cargoes of foreign wool imported here during the year, amounting to about 200,000 lbs., all Peruvian, a part of which has, we understand, been sent to England, and the remainder is still in the market.

Art. V.-OPDYKE'S POLITICAL ECONOMY.*

A CHANGE in the civil affairs of mankind so wide and so vast as that which consists in the substitution of Republican principles for absolutism, or limited monarchies, must necessarily cause an entire revolution in those sciences which are founded upon the existence of political institutions. So fundamental are the principles of government, and so antagonistic is despotism to popular rights, that the establishment of the latter must render false a large mass of the opinions and doctrines held as sacred within the domain of arbitrary power.

The influence of Republican principles has, even yet, manifested itself only in a feeble degree in this country, in consequence of the habit of the people to look for knowledge, science, and truth, to the stores that have been accumulated under the dark and frowning shadow of absolutism that has for centuries brooded over Europe, or under monarchical systems. Happily a brighter day is at hand. The citizens of this country must become popularized, not only in their rights, their institutions, but in their systems of political and social science.

This is a feature that has struck us very favorably in the work on Political Economy which is now open before us; and when we find the author declairing as he does in the following extract from his preface, that republicans need a system of Political Economy in perfect harmony with the other portions of their political edifice, he at once awakens in us an interest to peruse his pages. Speaking of Mill's work on Political Economy, his

words are these :

"Like most other scientific works on this subject, it is the production of one who has been reared and educated under political institutions very different from ours; and it is chiefly designed to meet the wants of British readers. For these reasons we must expect to find it imbued with ideas and opinions in which we cannot concur, as well as encumbered with discussions of no direct interest to

us.

What we republicans need, is a system of Political Economy in perfect harmony with the other portions of our political edifice. In other words, we want an honest, straightforward system-a system grounded on the broad principles of justice and equality, and in all its doctrines and legislative applications solely designed to illustrate and enforce those principles. We have no right to look for anything of this kind from quarters in which the opposite principles of government are taught and practiced upon; but we have a right to expect it from Americans. Indeed we are already required to devise such a system for our own guidance: our duty to ourselves and to the form of government we have adopted, alike demand it. Nor can we much longer neglect this duty without forfeiting our claims to the title of consistent republicans."

It is from a work of such high aims and character, although the author seems entirely unconscious of any pretensions of the kind, and speaks of his volume as, 66 a rudely drafted model of what such a treatise should be," that we propose to present a few outlines, by way of inducement to our readers to seek out this volume, and to contemplate the science of Political Economy in its republican aspect.

Of course, in an effort of this kind, it is necessary to probe the first

A Treatise upon Political Economy: By George Opdyke. 12mo. pp. 339. Published for the proprietor by G. P. Putnam.