MAJOR NIAZI BEY. The young officer who first raised the standard of revolt at Resna and became one of the chief leaders of the Revolutionary Forces. When the counterrevolution placed the capital at the mercy of the Reactionaries in April, 1909, Niazi led a force of regular troops and volunteers to join the Constitutional Army that invested Constantinople to restore the supremacy of the Constitutional

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with the object of proceeding to the scene of action to co-operate with the troops.

Following Niazi Bey's instructions, the fedais broke open the rifle and ammunition cases and armed themselves, many of the men taking two rifles each, so that those who joined the band later on might be provided with weapons. Niazi also opened the military chest and took all the money that was in it, amounting to about £500, making out a receipt for it in which he explained for what purpose he was about to use it. Then the band, in perfect order and full of enthusiasm, marched out of the barracks, and with it went nine private soldiers who, being still under the impression that Niazi was leading a detachment against the Bulgarians, had volunteered their services. After marching for two hours they came to cross roads on the summit of a grassy down, where Niazi's band was joined, as had been arranged, by Lieutenant Osman Effendi and his detachment of fedais from Persepe, consisting of a lieutenant, four soldiers, and thirty civilians.

Here a halt was called for rest and food, and before the march was resumed Niazi called the men around him and addressed them, explaining his aims and the strict rules of discipline which the Committee had enjoined him to enforce. He reminded them that they had sworn upon the Unity of God to devote their lives to the salvation of their fatherland. "The nation expects you,"

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he said, "to set a brilliant example of self-sacrifice and Ottoman chivalry worthy to be imitated. Are you prepared never to see your homes again until the salvation of the country has been secured, and willingly to die for her?" His followers cried, out "Yes, yes; it shall be death or salvation.” Then Niazi proceeded, "There may be some among you who have not the physical strength to live the hard life that is before us, to support the long marches on foot, thirst, hunger, nakedness, heat and cold. there be such I give them full permission to retire; let them go back to their villages and pray for us." As there was no reply to this, he went on to speak of the very lofty sense of duty and the strict rules of conduct that should govern the fedais, who, having bid farewell to life, were now ready to sacrifice themselves for the fatherland. Their enemies were many, and would certainly slander them; but it behoved them so to act that none could look askance at them with good reason. It was for them to exemplify by the righteousness of their lives what was meant by "the exaltation of the glory of Islam and the Ottomans, through obedience to the Sacred Law of Mohammed which was the basis of the Constitution." The Constitution was to bring equality and justice to all Ottomans without distinction. of race and religion. They, as the apostles of the Constitution, must exemplify this equality