CHAPTER XXI.

OHIO IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.*

In the late war of the Rebellion, Ohio achieved for herself a glorious record. The following table will show the number of enlistments under the different calls of the President:

In addition to this there were several thousand negro soldiers from Ohio, either credited to other States or to the "United States colored troops"; and over two thousand white men enlisted in the gun-boat service, for which the State had no credit.

Of this vast army furnished by the State, only 8,750 were raised by draft, the rest being volunteers.

*This chapter is compiled from a work entitled "Ohio in the War," by Whitelaw Reid.

+No credit was here given for the extra ten regiments raised for three months service in April and May, 1861, which the Government refused to accept.

The amount paid to volunteers in local bounties, was a little more than $23,500,000.

The military organizations of Ohio, in the field during the war, were 197 regiments of infantry, 13 regiments of cavalry, 13 batteries of light artillery, 2 regiments of heavy artillery, and 26 independent batteries. In addition to these there were 23 three-months organizations of which no systematic record was kept in the State adjutant general's office.

"Their service was deadly. Eleven thousand two hundred and thirty-seven of them were killed or mortally wounded in action, of whom six thousand five hundred and sixty-three were left dead on the field of battle. Thirteen thousand three hundred and fifty four died, before the expiration of their terms of enlistment, of diseases contracted in the service. Thirty-seven Ohio soldiers out of every thousand, fell dead, mortally wounded in battle; forty-seven more died in the hospitals; seventy-one more were honorably discharged, unable longer to do the duty of soldiers, by reason of wounds or sickness incurred in the country's service. Let us not, in the fullness of our pride, conceal the darker side of the picture: forty-four out of every thousand deserted. But many of the desertions were not such in intention. After a stolen visit to their families the men went back to the service."

Questions-How many different calls were made upon Ohio for soldiers by the President, during the late war? What was the whole number required of the State? How many were furnished? How many were raised by draft? What amount was paid to volunteers in Jocal bounties? How many regiments of infantry were furnished by the State? Of cavalry? Batteries of light artillery? Heavy artillery? Independent batteries? What is said of other organizations? How many Ohio soldiers were killed or mortally

wounded in battle? How many were left dead on the field? How many died of disease? What proportion were killed or mortally wounded in battle? What proportion died in the hospitals? What proportion were discharged on account of wounds or sickness? What proportion deserted?

GOVERNMENT AND LAW.

CHAPTER XXII.

OF THE ORGANIZATION OF GOVERNMENT, AND THE EXERCISE OF

SOVEREIGNTY.

To enable the people to defend their rights and to do right and justice, they unite together in a body politic; and when the people are so united and have agreed upon certain rules by which they are to be governed, we speak of such union, in its most enlarged sense, as a State. Bouvier defines a State as follows: "In its most enlarged sense, it signifies a self-sufficient body of persons united together in one community for the defense of their rights and to do right and justice to foreigners."

In a more limited sense, a State means the territory occupied by the united body of people, as, the State of Ohio.

In many countries the rulers are sovereign; that is, exercise control, authority and power as they see fit, regardless of the wishes or consent of the governed. But in this country no single individual has the right to exercise this power. Here the people choose their rulers,