meets the road from the lower Shawnese town to Sandusky; thence south to the Scioto river, and thence with that river to the mouth, and thence up the Ohio river to the place of beginning."

In 1790, the county of Hamilton was erected, and included the country between the Miamis extending northward from the Ohio river to a line drawn due east from the standing stone forks of the great Miami;* and about the same time the name of the settlement opposite the mouth of the Licking was changed by Gov. St. Clair from Losantiville to Cincinnati, in honor of the military society of Cincinnati, then recently organized, of which the governor and several other early emigrants were members.§

The third county, formed in the Northwest Territory was the county of Wayne. This was in 1796. This county embraced all the northwestern part of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, and all of Michigan.

Adams county was formed July 10th, 1797, and embraced within its limits a large tract lying on both sides. of the Scioto.

Before the end of the year 1798, four new counties were carved out of those already established, thus making eight in all, with a population of five thousand free male inhabitants over twenty-one years of age.

By the terms of the ordinance of 1787, the people were now (1798) authorized to elect representatives to a territorial legislature, and on the 24th day of September, 1799, the first territorial legislature was organized. This legislature elected William H. Harrison as delegate to Congress.

*Terr. Local Laws. Chase's Sketch of Ohio, 25.

November 1st, 1802, a convention assembled at Chillicothe to frame a constitution for a State government, and on the 29th of that month the constitution for a State government was ratified and signed by the members of the convention, and Ohio became one of the States of the Federal Union, February 19th, 1803.

Conneaut, the Plymouth of the Reserve, in July, 1796.

On the 4th of July, 1796, the first surveying party of the Western Reserve,landed at the mouth Conneaut

of

creek, in what is now Ashtabula county. John Barr, Esq., in his sketch of the Western Reserve, published in the National Magazine for December, 1845, referring to this party, says:

"Mustering their numbers, they sat them down on the eastward shore of the stream now

known as Con

*The word Conneaut, in the language of the Seneca Indians, signifies

"min fish," and was applied originally to the river.

neaut, and, dipping from the lake the liquor in which they pledged their country-their goblets some tin cups of no rare workmanship, yet every way answerable, with the ordnance accompaniment of two or three fowling pieces, discharging the required national salute-the first settlers of the Reserve spent their landing-day as became the sons of the Pilgrim Fathers-as the advance pioneers of a population that has since made the wilderness of northern Ohio to 'blossom as the rose,' and prove the homes of a people as remarkable for integrity, industry, love of country, moral truth and enlightened legislation, as any to be found within the territorial limits of their ancestral New England.

"The whole party numbered fifty-two persons."

Questions-What transpired in 1789 with reference to the Indians? State the particulars of the campaign against the Indians in 1790. Of Governor St. Clair's expedition. Of Gen. Wayne's. Give the name, date of organization, and boundaries of the first county in the Northwest Territory. Of the second. Give the date and particulars concerning the naming of Cincinnati. Give the name, date of organization, and territory of the third county. Of the fourth. What was the population of the Northwestern Territory in 1798? When was the first Territorial Legislature organized, and who did it elect as delegate to Congress? When and where did the covention assemble to adopt a State constitution? When was the constitution signed and ratified by the convention? What is said of the first settlement of the Western Reserve?

THE LOG CABIN.

There are, doubtless, those who have never seen a log cabin, and who know nothing of the hardships and trials of pioneer life.

Our engraving represents the cabin in which John S. Williams, Esq., late editor of the American Pioneer, was reared. It was constructed on Glenn's Run. about six miles northeast of St. Clairsville, Belmont county.

While the design

and scope of this work will not justify anything like a history of pioneer life, the author deems it proper to remind the student that in view of the trials and perils through which our ancestors have passed, we should cherish their memory with gratitude, and strive to prove ourselves worthy of the grand inheritance transmitted to us.

The following discription of the cabin shown in the engraving, will serve to des"Our cabin was 18x24.

The west end was occupied by two beds, the center of each side by a door; and here our symmetry had to stop, for on the opposite side of the window, made of clapboards, supported on pins driven into the logs, were our shelves. A

ladder of five rounds occupied the corner near the window. The window was made by sawing out a log, placing sticks across, and then, by pasting an old newspaper over the hole, and applying some hog's lard, we had a kind of glazing which shed a most beautiful and mellow light across the cabin. Our chimney occupied most of the east end."

CHAPTER VIII.

THE OLD STATE HOUSE-TERRITORIAL AND STATE LEGISLATURES -LOCATION OF THE CAPITAL-THE WAR OF 1812.

In 1800, Congress passed an act removing the seat of government of the Northwest Territory from Cincinnati to Chillicothe.

The old state house was commenced in 1800 and finished in 1801-2. "It

is believed that it was the first public stone edifice erectin the Territory. The mason work was done by Major Wm. Rutledge, a soldier of the Revolution, and the carpentering by William Guthrie. The convention that framed the constitution of Ohio was held in it