Cooper and Keeler. Services, 10:30 A. M. and 7:30 P. M.; Sunday school, 12 M.; prayer meeting. Wednesday, 7:30 P. M.

Dimond Mission, northwest corner Milwaukee and Michigan avenue. Rev. Walter Jones, pastor. Service, 10:30 A. M.; Sunday school, 11:45 A. M.; prayer meeting, Friday, 7:30 P. M.; class meeting, 7:30

P. M.

First Church, south side Main, between Blackstone and Jackson. Rev. James T. LeGear, pastor. Services, 10:30 A. M. and 7:30 P. M.; Sunday school, 12 M.; prayer meetings, Wednesday, 7:30 P. M.; Epworth League, 6:30 P. M.

First Free Methodist, 309 East Wilkins. Rev. C. D. Paige, pastor. Services, II A. M. and 7:30 P. M.; Sunday school, 10 A. M.; prayer meeting, Thursday, 7:30 P. M.

Greenwood Avenue, corner Greenwood avenue and Fourth. Rev. George E. Sharp, pastor. Services, 10:30 A. M. and 7:30 P. M.; Sunday school, 12 M.; Junior League, 4:30 P. M.; Epworth League, 6:30 P. M.; prayer meeting, Thursday, 7:30 P. M.

Haven Church, 1301 East Main. Rev. N. L. Bray, pastor. Services, 10:30 A. M. and 7:30 P. M.; Sunday school, 12 M.; prayer meeting, Wednesday, 7:30 P. M.

Ida F. Stiles Memorial, corner Stewart and Lansing avenues. Rev. J. W. Vickers, pastor. Services, 10:30 A. M. and 7 P. M.; Sunday school, 12 M.; prayer meeting, Wednesday, 7:30 P. M.; Epworth League, 6 P. M.; prayer meeting, Wednesday, 7:30 P. M.

North Street Methodist, East North, northeast corner Loomis. Rev. Walter Jones, pastor. Services, Sunday, 7:30

P. M.; Epworth League, 4 P. M.; class meeting, 6:30 P. M.

PRESBYTERIAN.

First Church, east side Blackstone, between Main and Cortland. Rev. F. W. Fraser, pastor. Services, 10:30 A. M. and 7 P. M.; Sunday school, 12 M.; prayer meeting, Wednesday, 7:30 P. M.

ROMAN CATHOLIC.

St. John's, southeast corner Cooper and Ganson. Rev. C. M. B. Schenkleberg, pastor; Rev. John Needham, assistant pastor. Services, first mass, 7:40 A. M.: second mass (children's), 9:15 A. M.; high mass, 10:30 A. M.; catechism, 3 P. M.; vespers and benediction, 3:30 P. M.

St. Joseph's, corner East North and Loomis. Rev. J. F. Herr, pastor.

St. Mary's Star of the Sea, north side Wesley, near Mechanic. Rev. J. W. Malaney, pastor. Services daily, 7:30 A. M.; Sundays, 7:30 A. M.; children's mass, 9 A. M.; high mass, 10:30 A. M.; baptism, 2 P. M.; catechism, 3 P. M.; vespers and benediction, 3:30 P. M.

UNITARIAN.

First Church, northwest corner Washington and Jackson. Rev. Wm. M. Forkell, pastor. Services, 10:30 A. M.; Sunday school, 12 M.

MISCELLANEOUS.

First Church of Christ (Scientist). Meets in church west side of City Park. Services, Sunday, 10:30 A. M., and Wednesday, 7:30 P. M.

Prison Chapel. Rev. Frank McAlpine,

chaplain. Services, 10:30 A. M.; mass at 9 A. M. every second and fourth Sunday. Salvation Army Barracks, III East Cortland. Nora Walker, captain. Sunday services, 9:30 and II A. M. and 3 and 7:30 P. M.; Sunday school, 3 P. M.

Seventh Day Adventists, Summit avenue northwest corner Ten Eyck. Services,

Saturdays, 10:30 A. M.; Sundays, 7:30 P. M.

Spiritualists, meetings at I. O. O. F. Hall, 140 W. Cortland, at 7 P. M.

Volunteers of America. Meet in hall corner Cooper and Detroit. C. J. Smith and James L. Ruddon, captains. Sunday services, 3:30 and 7:30 P. M.

In chronicling the pioneer history of Jackson county, it ought not to be expected that any one person can recall all the facts, conditions and data that would be of interest, hence we have called to our aid sketches, letters and addresses that have appeared from time to time, and introduce them as valuable matter that will interest many of our readers and subscribers. We have taken pains to select the most reliable and correct, as well as some slightly imaginary and amusing. There will be necessarily some conflict of dates and facts, but pains will be taken to eliminate any suggestions that are calculated to give improper reflections or claims an undue amount of personal credit."

ANTE-PIONEER HISTORY.

That the Indians of many tribes met within the present confines of Jackson county in their travels between Chicago and Fort Detroit has been conceded; nor is it questioned by many that at a very early period,

perhaps prior to the Revolution, the Pottawatomies, Kickapoos, Foxes, Sacs, and some wandering Otchipwas, met near the present capital of the county, then the Washtenong county, and ensanguined the wilds east of the meeting of the trails with their blood. The bones which had been so extensively scattered over the wilderness in 1830, and found at present, point to this as having been the terrible battle-ground of the barbarians. The legends of the Northern Crees and Assiniboines speak of central Michigan as the scene of the "great-battle,” and even the war songs of the Pottawatomies did not fail to notice it.

In 1673 the holy Marquette, with the gallant Joliet, appeared among the tribes of the Northwest, and prepared the barbarian mind to conceive an idea of the white invader who was destined to occupy the Indian hunting-grounds within a century and a half. The first white men who are known to have arrived at the meeting of the trails were involuntary visitors. Their names were Mc

Donough and Limp,-two soldiers of Harrison's army corps,-reported missing while. en route to Detroit in 1812. But from what little can be learned from the British blue books, it may be presumed that the Pottawatomies seized upon many more American troops, and wreaked their vengeance on them close by or within the limits of Jackson city. Those soldiers were the first white settlers; their ashes rest here, and over their graves rises a beautiful city, while the barbarians who put them to death are vanished, banished or slain.

THE INDIAN TRADER.

The French-Canadian voyageur came next, and he was followed by the French trader. The presence of the Frenchman among the wigwams of the wild hunters. rather detracted from the morals of the former than added to the intelligence of the latter. He introduced his peltries first, and followed up his commercial successes by the sale of fire-water. He ultimately acquired the proprietorship of a squaw, and for years shared in the sympathies and manners of the savages among whom he dwelt. As a rule, the earlier traders, after many years' intercourse with the red men, decamped from their wigwams, separated forever from their Indian wives, and sought the civilized life of olden days; but the last French trader known in Jackson county was faithful to his savage spouse and continued to dwell on the old campground long years after the last of the Pottawatomies disappeared from the county. This trader was generally known by the name of Baptiste Boreaux, and claimed to have traded with his dusky customers from

i

flux of immigration. The little lake in Henrietta which bears his name is the only monument of his early visit and his stay; but there are a few living who remember him well, and bear testimony to his rude excellence. Generation after generation of savages appeared upon the scenes of Indian life, roamed through the forest, or paddled their canoes down the streams of the county, while yet beyond them and around swarmed the civilizers, the immigrants from the East. The white man at length appeared. The Indian did not flee from his approach, but lived among the deer and wolf and bear which abounded in the district and offered them pleasure and food.

AN INDIAN KILLED BY A STAG.

Early in 1825 an Indian from some distant village was wending his way northward along an unfrequented trail, passing through the present location of Western's Corners. At sun-down he spread his robe beside his blazing fire, and settled down to that repose to which his long march entitled him. Presently he saw a stag approaching, and rose to grasp his rifle, but he was too late; the maddened animal rushed at him with a stunning force, and did not cease to belabor the red man with antlers and hoofs until instinct informed him of his victim's death. Indians passed that way when the night was advanced, took in the situation, buried their friend next day, and parted from the solitary grave. The road of the white man was subsequently made, and the bones of that Indian exhumed.

JACKSON, 1831 AND 1879.

At a meeting of the local Pioneer So

Hon. Henry Little, of Kalamazoo county. that contained many interesting reminiscences, which we copy as follows:

Mr. President, Pioneers, Ladies and Gentlemen: It affords me great pleasure to be with you upon this very interesting occasion, to exchange friendly greetings and congratulations with you, and to listen to the recital of your pioneer experience as you passed through those diversified and trying scenes. which marked your progress all the way onward and upwards, from the first log cabin to the crowning glory of the grand achievements which are now so conspicuously apparent all about us, as to excite the admiration if not the profound astonishment of every beholder, while seeing your populous county, with its productive farms, manufacturing interests, thriving villages, and this beautiful city, all having sprung into existence within the last fifty years. While Jackson is justly celebrated for the intelligence, morality, thrift and enterprise of its inhabitants, its uninterrupted growth and prosperity, its beautiful public and private institutions, it is not renowned for its great antiquity. Jackson is a young city, and still in its infancy, but what an infant? There are still some persons remaining with us who well remember when it was born. I distinctly remember the time when that little youngster, which had been christened "Jacksonburg," was being cradled and nurtured in his little rude log crib, or cabin. But that child grew with astonishing rapidity and soon became an active, precocious youth, and the next moment he was a mature man; and after a brief space of time, a few revolutions of our earth, and instead of that feeble, tottering child, a powerful giant walked forth by his own inherent strength, dispensing his favors in all directions, and commanding the respect and admiration of all. I had known many villages in the eastern states which were one hundred and fifty years old, with but five thousand or six thousand inhabitants, and we supposed that a much longer time would be required in this country to reach similar results, but by the magic power of science, when aiding and directing the impelling forces in these modern times, a city, a nation is born in a day.

In the early days of Jacksonburg the old Washtenaw trail was the only traveled route from east to west through this section of country for many years. Between Ann Arbor and Kalamazoo county (as then called) the log cabins of the early pioneers were located only upon that Indian trail.

The distance between those primitive solitary dwellings, as found by me forty-eight years ago, was fourteen miles in some cases and seven miles in others, with no improvements whatever between them. Mr. Allen was located at Grass Lake, from which place an unbroken wilderness extended all the way (ten miles) to Jacksonburg, where a wide belt of heavy timbered land extended up and down on the east side of the river. When we passed over that route the river had overflowed its eastern bank, and the water extended over that low timbered land about eighty rods, partially concealing many large and small stones and many large roots of trees, which caused our wagons to contort most fearfully as they plunged up and down, and rocked from right to left. By much time and careful management three of our wagons passed over without much harm, while two wagons became fast, but by the assistance of Mr. Blackman and his two pairs of oxen they were finally brought over. The bridge across the river was a rude structure of logs, and the east end, being much lower than the other, was under water.

At that time (1831) Jacksonburg contained about half a dozen log cabins. Among the number was that of Mr. Blackman, the double log cabin used for a tavern by William R. Thompson, Hiram Thompson, the postmaster of Jacksonburg, Mr. Hogan, the merchant, Mr. Richie, a school house and blacksmith shop, all being of logs.

While stopping a few days with Mr. Thompson, I learned that he was about to send out teams to White Pigeon prairie for flour and other provisions, therefore two of my teams returned to the east and Thompson's took their places, the postmaster of Jacksonburg having charge of one team and Mr. Richie the other. Do you still send out ox teams on a three or four weeks trip for your provisions? And do you obtain your meat as you did a few months later, when Mr. Thompson brought a drove of one hundred hogs from Indiana? As we had good teams, good weather and no detentions, we made the run from Jacksonburg to the place now called Galesburg in six days, two full weeks having been required in passing from Detroit to Galesburg. We stopped over night with Allen at Grass Lake; Thompson, Blashfield and Roberts at Sandstone creek; Crane and Abbott a few miles west of Rice creek, where the Rev. John D. Pierce was located, having stayed over night at every cabin on the route from Grass Lake to Rice creek, except at Jacksonburg. In those good old times the latch string always hung upon the outside of every door

-if they had a door-and however poor and destitute the inmates might have been, they willingly entertained all travelers, who were then very few and far between. Some of the dwelling places on that route were nothing but shanties, sheds or pens, without door, window, floor or chimney, and no furniture except such as was made on the premises, the whole outfits being novel apologies for human comforts.

The above picture is not gloomy and disheartening as some might suppose, but it is a very hopeful and encouraging state of things, for those times.

In 1832 Roswell Crane, formerly of Jackson county, called at my residence on Gull prairie and informed me that he had located near to and on the west side of Battle creek, and was therefore my neighbor. It was very gratifying to learn that I had a neighbor within fourteen or fifteen miles in an eastern direction, because J. D. Pierce, at Rice creek, had thus far been my nearest neighbor in that direction. Whoever thinks that the movements of the world are slow, let him compare the condition of matters and things of the present time here with those of a few years ago, when it might have been said that ever since the dawn of creation, when the morning stars sang upon the glorious event, that the greatest part of Michigan was unoccupied, unknown and avoided because it was supposed to be a waste, pestilential desert!

It is within the recollection of many persons still living when Ann Arbor was at the extreme west end of the habitable world, beyond which the sun went down into a boundless, bottomless morass, where the frightful sounds of yelling Indians, howling wolves, croaking frogs, rattiing massasaugers, and buzzing mosquitoes added to the awful horrors of that dismal place. But, very fortunately for us, that silly illusion was dispelled, so that out of that worthless region there arose one of the most beautiful, productive and prosperous states in the Union.

Michigan has the largest lakes, which are literally alive with delicious fish, the best climate, soil and crops, the best minerals, timber, schools, colleges, churches, better laws and more of them than other states; smarter old men and women, brighter boys and more attractive girls. While we have a grateful sense of the rich profusion of the various inexhaustible natural resources of Michigan. I am not at liberty to withhold the merited meed of praise from the hardy, energetic, persevering pioneers, who patiently submitted to great and long continued hardships and privations, while they utilized the great works of nature by converting a waste wilder

ness, previously the abode of wild beasts and wild men, into fruitful fields and gardens, so that it became a land of corn and wine and of the finest of wheat-a land of milk and honey. They beautified the face of nature with the decorative works of art, founded cities, villages, towns and elegant rural palaces, highways and railroads throughout our broad domain; caused the light of science to illuminate every corner, gave us laws and educational, religious and charitable institutions, which would be an honor to the older states, and instead of a territory of less than thirty thousand, we now have a state containing one million five hundred thousand inhabitants, in the full enjoyment of all the rich bounties of nature and art. But has Michigan arrived at the zenith of its prosperous progression, and hereafter to remain stationary? No, will be the emphatic exclamation of everyone, because the history of the past, and the present indications in regard to the future, are such as to justify the firm belief of a steady and continued onward movement in all the good and ennobling characteristics appertaining to a great and prosperous commonwealth. The words "progressive improvement" are legibly inscribed upon everything appertaining to the affairs of life. Therefore, with an intelligent, energetic, enterprising people, under the sure guidance of science, with machinery for the farmer, mechanic and for most all kinds of manual labor, and greatly increased facilities for prosecuting business enterprises, nothing short of a frowning Providence can prevent a long and highly prosperous and happy career in the future.

Veteran pioneers, respected fathers and mothers, you do not need monuments of brass or marble to proclaim or perpetuate the remembrance of your glorious achievements to coming generations, because your foot-prints are deeply and indelibly impressed upon this fair land, where the results of the magnificent work of your hands are the best of testimonials for you.

Here you not only hewed out and laid those deep and broad foundations, but you were the architects and builders of a grand superstructure, whose lofty imposing towers and pinnacles greet the rays of the rising sun, and afford shelter and protection to life and property. Now at this delightful season of the year, when all nature is arrayed in her most gorgeous attire, when the indications from all quarters inspire the most sanguine hopes and expectations of an abundant supply of all creature comforts, it is pleasant and profitable to come together, to review the trying scenes of the long, long past,