Green Bay, Wis., reached by Nicolet, 31. | Harlan, James, Secretary of Interior,
Green Mountain Boys, 207.
"Greenbacks," treasury notes called, Harmon, Judson, Attorney General,
375.
431.
Greene, General Nathanael, succeeds
Gates 181; Southern campaign of
(1781), 181; portrait, 181; sketch,
181; defeated, 182; Whitney invents
cotton gin at home of widow of,
Greenland, settlements by Norsemen
in, 437.
Gresham, Walter Q., Secretary of
Treasury, Postmaster General, 430;
Secretary of State, 431.
Griffin's Wharf, Boston, scene of Tea
Party, 140.
Griswold, Roger, Acting Secretary of
War, 256.
Grundy, Felix, Attorney General, 321.
Guilford Court House, Greene defeated
at, 182.
Gulf of St. Lawrence, discovered by
Cartier, 28.
Guthrie, James, Secretary of Treasury,
Guthrie, Oklahoma, rapidly settled,
412.
Hale, Captain Nathan, hanged as spy,
Halifax, founded, 91; menaced by
Acadians, 94.
Hall, N. K., Postmaster General, 425.
Hamilton, British colonel, 178.
Hamilton, Alexander, defends Consti-
tution, 193; portrait, sketch, 193;
influence in New York, 194: first
Secretary of the Treasury, 202; his
financial ability, 203; scheme for
national debt, 205; meets opposition
to this scheme, 206; proposes United
States Bank, 206; plan for revenue,
206; defends Jay's treaty, 224;
killed in duel with Burr, 234; Secre-
tary of Treasury, 255; urges pro-
tective tariff, 270.
Hamilton, Paul, Secretary of Navy,
Hamlin, Hannibal, elected Vice Presi-
dent, 344, 427.
Hampton, Industrial and Normal
School at, 391.
Hampton Roads, fight of Monitor and
Merrimac in, 366, 367.
Hancock, John, signs Declaration of
Independence, 156; his bold signa-
ture, 157; portrait, 157.
Happy Hunting Grounds, 24.
Harbors of the United States, 349.
Harper's Ferry, John Brown raids,
343.
Harris, Townsend, first envoy to
Japan, 326.
Harrison, Benjamin, administration,
410-413; portrait, sketch, 411.
Harrison, William Henry, defeats
Tecumseh, 241; campaign in War of
1812, 246; portrait, 300; died a
month after becoming President,
301; sketch, 301, 302.
Harrison's Landing,
forced back to, 370.
Hartford, Dutch build fort near, 56;
disappearance of charter at, 64, 65.
Hartford Convention, 251.
Harvard College, founded, 55; hall for
Indians connected with, 59; social
rank in, 113.
Hatton, Frank, Postmaster General,
430.
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, sketch, 332,
333; portrait, 333.
Hayes, Rutherford B., elected Presi-
dent, 401; withdraws Federal troops
from South, 402; portrait, sketch,
402.
Hayne, Robert Young, defends State
sovereignty, 291.
Hayti, named Hispaniola by Columbus,
Hendricks, Thomas A., 430; died while
Vice President, 408.
Hennepin, Louis, discovers Niagara
Falls, 32.
Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles I.,
Maryland named in honor of, 77.
Henry the Navigator, Prince, seeks
route to the Indies, 2; his series of
voyages, 2.
Henry IV., of France, 445.
Henry, Joseph, sketch, 325.
Henry, Patrick, speech against taxa-
tion, 130, 132; portrait, sketch, 131.
Herbert, Hilary A., Secretary of Navy,
431.
Herkimer, General, killed at Oriskany,
171.
Hessians, hired to fight in America,
165.
Hispaniola, name given by Columbus
to Hayti, 11.
Hoar, E. Rockwood, Attorney General,
428.
Hobart, Garrett A., Vice President,
432.
Holland, character of, 34; Separatists | Hunt, William H., Secretary of Navy,
in, 48, 49; wars with England, 62,
63. See also Dutch.
Holmes, Dr. Oliver Wendell, 336.
Holt, Joseph, Postmaster General, Sec-
retary of War, 426.
Holy Alliance, 266.
Holy Sepulcher, 438; Columbus agrees
to devote proceeds of discovery to
rescue of, 6.
Homestead Bill, 274.
Honduras, ruins in, 20.
Hood, General, defeated by Thomas,
Hooker, General Joseph, succeeds
Burnside, 376; defeated at Chancel-
lorsville, 376.
Hopkins, Oceanus, born in the May-
flower, 49.
Horses, none in America before its
discovery, 22.
House of Representatives, 419, 468,
469; increase of business in, 420.
House of the Dwarf, cut of, 20.
Houses, in colonial New York, 115.
Houston, General Sam, promotes inde-
pendence of Texas, 299; sketch,
299.
Howe, Timothy O., Postmaster Gen-
eral, 430.
Howe, General Sir William, sails from
Boston, 151; takes army to Halifax,
153; enters New York harbor, 165;
wins battle of Long Island, 166; ad-
dresses Washington as a civilian,
166; captures Fort Washington, 167;
cooped up, 169; enters Philadelphia,
172; fails to relieve Burgoyne, 173;
succeeded by Clinton, 176.
Howe, Lord, 165.
Hubbard, Samuel D., Postmaster Gen-
eral, 425.
Hudson, Henry, discoveries of, 35.
Hudson Bay Company, possessions of,
in the Oregon Country, 310; opposes
immigration, 310.
Hudson River, discovery, 35; posses-
sion of, desired by British, 165; in
control of British, 167; Fulton's
steamboat on, 273.
Hudson's Bay, 35.
Huguenots, 110; make unsuccessful
settlement in Florida, 28; settle in
South Carolina, 84; many reach
America, 445.
Hull, Captain Isaac, captures the
Guerrière, 245.
Hull, General William, surrenders
Detroit, 243; sentenced to be shot,
but pardoned, 244.
Huron Indians, persuade Champlain
to attack Iroquois, 30.
Hutchinson, Thomas, tribute to, 137;
orders troops removed from Boston,
138.
Iberville, Sieur d', French expedition
under, 33.
Iceland, occupied by Norsemen, 437.
Idaho, added to Union, 412.
Illinois, brought under control of
United States, 178; added to Union,
276; slavery contest in, 282, 283.
Illinois Central Railroad, 326.
Illinois Indians, mission among, 31;
help destroy Schenectady, 90.
Illinois River, ascended by Joliet, 31;
fort on, 32, 33.
Immigration, increase of, 328; Irish,
German, and Scandinavian, 328, 329;
effect of, on labor, 330; stimulation
of, after war for the Union, 393;
table showing nationalities, 486.
Impeachment of President Johnson,
392.
Impressment of seamen, 238, 239; con-
tinuance of, 241.
Independence, Paine's Common Sense
among first arguments for, 154; R.
H. Lee, moves resolution for, 154;
Declaration of, 155-157; Washington
refuses all other terms, 166; Amer-
ican commissioners insist on recog-
nition of, 184.
Independence, Mo., Mormon settle-
ment in, 313.
Independence Hall, Philadelphia, 157;
cut, 158; Constitutional Convention
meets in, 191; cut of interior, 192.
India, Virginia supposed to be near,
46; cotton in, 211, 212.
Indian names, 23.
Indiana, brought under control of
United States, 178; formed from
Northwest Territory, 230; added to
Union, 276; a free State, 276; slav-
ery gets footing in, 282.
Indians, reasons for name, 11; cliff
dwellings of, 16: submit to Span-
iards, 16; intermarry with Span-
iards, 17; appearance, 20; food,
21; implements, dress, houses,
women, hunting, 22; habits, main
groups, 23; common traits, recent
increase, 24: Jesuit missions to, 30;
relations with these missionaries and
the French soldiers, 30; New Eng-
land Indians explore Mississippi Val- |
ley, 32; aid Jamestown colonists,
46; unjustly treated by governors of
Virginia, 48; disposed to be friendly
to Pilgrims, 52; befriend Roger
Williams, 58; treatment of, by Eng-
lish, 59, 89; attempts at Christianiz-
ing, 59; protections against, 60;
Pequot War, 60, 61; King Philip's
War, 63; many sold into slavery, 63,
84; to be tried by jury, 73; rights
respected by Penn, 74; Penn's trea-
ties with, 75; a cause of Bacon's
Rebellion, 81; unwilling to see power
pass from French to English, 99;
destroy forts, 100; made treaty of
peace with English, 100; in New
York, 116; difficulties with, cause
various plans of union in colonies,
124; incited by English garrisons
against frontiersmen, 224; Wayne's
victory over, 221; sign treaty of
peace, 224; hostilities under Tecum-
seh, 211; in War of 1812, 243; United
States deals with Indians as a nation,
263; movements of tribes, 263, 264;
continuance of war with, 264; Semi-
nole War, 264; St. Louis center of
Western trade with, 283; troubles
with, in Georgia, 287; wronged
by Indian agents, 400; Sioux War,
400, 401; allotment of lands to,
408.
Indies, see East Indies; West Indies.
Industries, early, in United States,
209, 210.
Inflation period, 295.
rendered enemies of the French, 31;
attack La Chine, 90.
Irrigation, in Utah, 313.
Irving, Washington, 332.
Isabella, of Spain, Columbus seeks aid
of, 3; persuaded to aid Columbus,
5, 6.
Island Number Ten, captured, 365.
Jackson, Andrew, in command against
the Creeks, 247; defensive prepa-
rations at New Orleans, 250, 251;
portrait, 250; wins battle of New
Orleans, 251; carries Seminole War
into Florida, 264, 265; sketch of
life, 264, 265; Spain protests against,
265; election of, 288: popularity,
288, 289; as a "practical politician,'
291; opposes nullification, 294; hos-
tile to Bank of United States, 294,
295; issues specie circular, 295;
tries to buy Texas, 298.
Jackson, General T. J. (" Stonewall "').
victories, 370; portrait, sketch, 570;
joins Lee, 370; death, 376.
Jalapa, Mexico, taken, 305.
Jamaica, taken from Spain by Eng-
land, 62.
James I. of England, puts Raleigh to
death, 43; favors Virginia Company,
44; James River named for, 45; hos-
tile to tobacco, 48.
James II. of England, revokes colo-
nial charters, 64, 65; deposed, 65.
See also York, Duke of.
James, Thomas L., Postmaster Gen-
eral, 430.
Ingham, Samuel D., Secretary of James River, named for James I. of
Treasury, 320.
Intellectual life, 330, 331.
Interdependence, of Europe and Amer-
ica, 446.
Interior Department, created, 324.
Internal improvements, encouraged,
272; favored by Whigs, 290; largely
extended, 290.
Interstate Commerce Act, causes which
led to, 396; provisions of, 408.
Inventions, increase of, in United
States, 269; encouraged by Patent
Office. 270.
Iowa, added to the Union, 308.
Ireland, immigration from, 328.
England, 45; settlements thrive on,
Jamestown, settled, 44, 45; burned,
81.
Japan, Columbus hoped to reach north-
ern end of, 7; Columbus sure that
he had reached, on first voyage, 11;
Perry's expedition to, 326; first
treaty with, 338.
Java, British ship, captured, 245.
Jay, John, signs treaty of peace, 184;
defends Constitution, 193; sketch,
193; first Chief Justice, 203; sent on
mission to England, 223; forms
treaty, 223, 224.
Irish, settle in Carolinas, 84; in col- Jay's treaty, 223, 224; almost causes
Iron regions, 274, 275.
Iron works, 212.
Ironclads, 367.
Iroquois Indians, in New York, 23, 116;
Champlain persuaded to attack, 30;
war with France, 226.
Jefferson, Thomas, Declaration of In-
dependence mainly by, 155; brief
sketch of, 155: portrait, 156; ap-
pointed first Secretary of State,
202; his influence, 203; chosen Vice
President, 226; inaugurated at
Washington, 230; popularity in-
creased by Louisiana purchase, 233;
reëlected President, 233; arrests
Burr's schemes, 234; favors em-
bargo, 239; Secretary of State, Vice
President, 255; deplores slavery,
279; died on 4th of July, 285.
Jenckes, Thomas A., a pioneer in
civil service reform, 396.
Jerusalem, attempts to recover, by
Christians, 6; objective point of
crusades, 438, 439.
Jesuit missions to the Indians, 30.
Jesuit Relations, 30.
Jewell, Marshall, Postmaster General,
429.
Johnson, Andrew, not in sympathy
with Congress, 388; sketch, 388;
portrait, 389; vetoes Freedmen's
Bureau Bill, 389; vetoes Civil Rights
Bill and Tenure of Office Bill, 390;
impeachment of, 392; Vice Presi-
dent, 427.
Johnson, Cave, Postmaster General,
322.
Johnson, Reverdy, Attorney General,
425.
Johnson, Richard M., Vice President,
321.
Johnson, Dr. Samuel, a Tory, 129.
Johnson, Sir William, urges Six Na-
tions to join English, 92, 93; keeps
Six Nations from joining Pontiac,
100; influence with Indians, 116.
Johnston, General Albert Sidney, at-
tacks Grant at Shiloh, 363; killed,
364.
Johnston, General J. E., in command
of Confederate forces, 358; falls back
toward Richmond, 367, 368; loses
Fair Oaks, 368, 370; wounded, suc-
ceeded by Lee, 370; pressed back to
Atlanta, 381; succeeded by Hood,
381; unable to check Sherman, 382;
surrenders, 384.
Johnstown, N.Y., 116.
Joliet, Louis, explores Mississippi
River, 31.
Jones, John Paul, fights with Serapis,
179; portrait, 179.
Jones, William, Secretary of Navy,
Judicial Department, 476, 477; divi-
sions of, 420.
Kalb, John, joins Continental army,
161; killed, 180.
Kane, Elisha Kent, Arctic expedition
of, 338.
Kansas, part of, in Mexican cession,
306; conflict over between free-state
and proslavery men, 340, 341; war-
fare in, 340; admitted to Union, 350.
Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 338–340.
Kaskaskia, mission at, 31.
Kearney, Colonel Stephen W., invades
New Mexico, 304.
Kearsarge, sinks Alabama, 380.
Keats, John, sonnet of, referred to,
14.
Keel, invented by Norsemen, 438.
Kendall, Amos, Postmaster General,
321.
Kennedy, John P., Secretary of Navy,
425.
Kentucky, county of, formed, 178;
threatens secession, 190; beginnings
of, 215, 216.
Kentucky Resolutions, 228.
Key, David McK., Postmaster General,
429.
Key, Francis Scott, occasion of his
"Star-Spangled Banner," 249.
Key West, fort at, refuses to surren-
der, 349.
King, Horatio, Postmaster General,
426.
King, William R., Vice President, 426.
King George's War, 91.
King Philip's War, 63; Mohicans
driven west by, 32.
King William's War, 90, 91.
Kingston, Canada, 32.
Kirkwood, Samuel J., Secretary of
Interior, 430.
Kirtland, Ohio, Mormon settlement
in, 313.
Knox, General Henry, Secretary of
War, 202, 255.
Kosciusko, a Polish hero, joins Conti-
nental army, 161.
Labor, Department of, established,
408.
La Chine, one of La Salle's settle-
ments, 32; massacre at, 90.
Lafayette, Marquis de, 287; joins Con-
tinental army, 161; friend of Wash-
ington, 161; portrait, 162; refuses
to join Conway cabal, 175; keeps
Cornwallis at bay, 182; sends key
of Bastile to Washington, 222.
Lake Borgne, British move to, 251.
Lake Champlain, small naval force
maintained on, 263.
Lake Erie, Perry's victory on, 246;
early steam navigation on, 273.
Lake Huron, reached by Champlain,
Lake Ontario, La Salle builds fort on,
32; small naval force maintained on,
263.
Lamar, Lucius Q. C., Secretary of In-
terior, 431.
Lamont, Daniel S., Secretary of War,
431.
La Rábida, monastery of, befriends
Columbus, 5.
La Salle, Chevalier de, granted tract
near Montreal, 32; explores Great
Lakes, 32; navigates the Mississippi,
32; claims Louisiana, 33; receives
aid from French king, 33; failure
of plans and death, 33.
Las Casas, Spanish missionary, 444.
Lawrence, Kansas, attack on, 340.
Learning, revival of, 439, 440.
Lecompton Constitution, 340.
Lee, General Charles, captured, 168;
suspected as a traitor, 168; deprived
of command for a year, 176.
Lee, Charles, Attorney General, 255,
256.
Lee, Light Horse Harry," father of
Robert E. Lee, 371.
Lee, Richard Henry, submits resolu-
tion for independence, 154.
Lee, General Robert E., made com-
mander of Confederate forces, 370;
portrait, sketch, 371; wins at Ma-
nassas, crosses and recrosses Po-
tomac, 371; defeats Burnside, 372;
defeats Hooker, 376; enters Penn-
sylvania, 376; defeated at Gettys-
burg, 377; retreats from Petersburg,
380; surrenders at Appomattox
Court House, 383.
Legaré, Hugh S., Secretary of State,
321; Attorney General, 322.
Legislative Department, 468–474.
Lenni Lenape, definition, 69; Friends
live at peace with, 76.
Leopard, the, overhauls Chesapeake,
239.
Letters of marque, 178.
Lightning rods, invented by Franklin,
Lincoln, Abraham, portrait, 260; first
election of, 344; cut of birthplace,
351; early life, 351; political career,
352; troubles awaiting him as Presi-
dent, 353; calls for volunteers, 54;
countermands Fremont's procla-
mation freeing slaves, 360; issues
Emancipation Proclamation, 375;
reëlected, 383; hopeful tone of In-
augural Address, 383; visits Rich-
mond, 383; assassination of, 383,
384; eager to restore seceding States,
388; speech at Gettysburg, 420, 421.
Lincoln, Levi, Attorney General, 276.
Lincoln, Robert T., Secretary of War,
430.
Lincoln-Douglas debates, 352.
Line of Demarcation in 1494, 13.
Lisbon, Columbus makes maps in, 2.
Literature, American, 331–336.
Livingston, Edward, Secretary of
State, 320.
Locomotives, early, 274.
Log cabin and hard cider campaign,
302.
London Company for Virginia, 44:
settles Jamestown, 45; colony under
government of, 79; loses charter, 79.
Long, John D., Secretary of Navy,
432.
Long Island, battle of, 165, 166.
Long Island Sound, 56.
Longfellow, Henry W., Craigie House
residence of, 114; sketch, 334; por-
trait, 335.
Lookout Mountain, 378.
Loudon, Adams County, Ohio, Serpent
Mound in, 19.
Louis XIV. of France, Mississippi
Valley claimed in name of, 33.
Louis XVI. of France, slow to acknowl-
edge United States, 161; forms al-
liance with United States, 173.
Lewis and Clarke's expedition, 233, Louisburg, Cape Breton, captured by
Lewis River, discovered, 233.
Lexington, Mass., fight of April 19,
142, 143; result of battle, 144.
Leyden, Separatists settle in, 48.
Libby Prison, 386.
Liberator, edited by Garrison, 299,
300.
Liberty, political, in America, 125, 126;
Bartholdi's statue of, 408.
Liberty Bell, 157, 163.
Liberty Tree, Boston, 132, 133.
Libraries, Public, 213.
New England expedition, 91; re-
stored to French. 91; French fleet
at, 95: taken by English, 96.
Louisiana, claimed and so named by
La Salle, 33; made over to Spain,
99: Spain cedes territory to France,
232; Napoleon sells Louisiana to
United States, 233; exploration of,
233; admitted to Union, 249; Mon-
roe negotiates for purchase, 262.
Lowell, James Russell, 336.
Lowell, Mass., 271.
Loyal Legion, military order of, 385.
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