way be better exemplified, than in the effect which the Puns of Crambe had on the Mind and Studies of Martinus. He conceived, that somewhat of a like Talent to this of Crambe, of affembling parallel founds, either fyllables, or words, might conduce

to the Emendation and Correction of Ancient Authors, if applied to their Works, with the fame diligence, and the fame liberty. He refolved to try first upon Virgil, Horace, and Terence; concluding, that, if the most correct Authors could be fo served with any reputation to the Critick, the amendment and alteration of all the reft would eafily follow; whereby a new, a vaft, nay boundless Field of Glory would be opened to the true and abfolute Critic.

This Specimen on Virgil he has given us, in the Addenda to his Notes on the Dunciad. His Terence and Horace are in every body's hands, under the names of Richard B---ley, and Francis H---re. And we have convincing proofs that the late Edition of Milton publifhed in the name of the former of thefe, was in truth the Work of no other than our Scriblerus.

СНАР. Х.

Of Martinus's uncommon Practice of Phyfick, and how he apply'd himself to the Diseases of the Mind.

UT it is high time to return to the History

of the Progress of Martinus in the Studies of Phyfick, and to enumerate fome at least of the many Discoveries and Experiments he made therein.

One of the first was his Method of investigating latent Distempers, by the fagacious Quality of Setting-Dogs and Pointers. The fuccefs, and the Adventures that befel him, when he walked with thefe Animals, to fmell them out in the Parks and publick places about London, are what we would willingly relate; but that his own Account, together with a Lift of thofe Gentlemen and Ladies at whom they made a Full fet, will be published in time convenient. There will also be added the Representation, which, on occafion of one diftemper which was become almoft epidemical, he thought himself obliged to lay before both Houses of Parliament, intitled, A Propofal for a General Flux, to exterminate at one blow the P---x out of this kingdom.

But being weary of all practice on fætid Bodies; from a certain nicenefs of Conftitution, (efpecially when he attended Dr. Woodward thro' a Twelvemonths courfe of Vomition) he determined to leave it off entirely, and to apply himself only to difeases of the Mind. He attempted to find out Specificks for all the Paffions; and as other Physicians throw their Patients into fweats, vomits, purgations, etc. he caft them into Love, Hatred, Hope, Fear, Joy, Grief, etc. And indeed the great Irregularity of the Paffions in the English Nation, was the chief motive that induced him to apply his whole ftudies, while he continued among us, to the Difeafes of the Mind.

To this purpose he directed, in the first place, his late acquired skill in Anatomy. He confider'd Virtues and Vices as certain Habits which proceed from the natural Formation and Structure of particular parts of the body. A bird flies because it has Wings, a Duck swims because it is web-footed and there can be no queftion but the aduncity of the pounces and beaks of the Hawks, as well as the length of the fangs, the sharpness of the teeth, and the ftrength of the crural and masfeter-muscles* in Lions and Tygers, are the cause of the great and habitual Immorality of those Animals.

ift, He obferv'd, that the Soul and Body mutually operate upon each other, and therefore if

L

Μασσητήρες μύες.

you deprive the Mind of the outward Inftruments whereby fhe usually expreffeth that Paffion, you will in time abate the Paffion itself, in like manner as Caftration abates Lust.

2dly, That the Soul in mankind expreffeth every Paffion by the Motion of fome particular Mufcles.

3dly, That all Mufcles grow stronger and thicker by being much used; therefore the habitual Paffions may be discerned in particular perfons by the firength and bigness of the Mufcles used in the expreffion of that Paffion.

4thly, That a Mufcle may be ftrengthen'd or weaken'd by weakening or ftrength'ning the force of its Antagonist. These things premised, he took notice,

That complaifance, humility, affent, approbation, and civility, were expreffed by nodding the head and bowing the body forward: on the contrary, diffent, diflike, refufal, pride, and arrogance, were marked by toffing the head, and bending the body backwards: which two Paffions of affent and diffent the Latins rightly exprefs'd by the words adnuere and abnuere. Now he obferved that complaifant and civil people had the Flexors of the head very strong; but in the proud and infolent there was a great over-balance of ftrength in the Extenfors of the Neck and the Mufcles of the Back, from

whence they perform with great facility the motion of toffing, but with great difficulty that of bowing, and therefore have justly acquired the Title of stiff-neck'd: In order to reduce such perfons to a juft balance, he judged that the pair of Mufcles called Recti interni, the Maftoidal, with other flexors of the head, neck, and body must be ftrengthen'd; their Antagonists, the Splenii Complexi, and the Extenfors of the Spine weaken'd: For which purpose Nature herself seems to have directed mankind to correct this Muscular Immorality by tying fuch fellows Neck and beels.

Contrary to this, is the pernicious Custom of Mothers, who abolish the natural Signature of Modefty in their Daughters, by teaching them toffing and bridling, rather than the bashful posture of flooping, and hanging down the head. Martinus charged all hufbands to take notice of the Pofture of the Head of fuch as they courted to Matrimony, as that upon which their future happiness did much depend.

Flatterers, who have the flexor Muscles so strong that they are always bowing and cringing, he fupposed might in fome measure be corrected by being tied down upon a Tree by the back, like the children of the Indians; which doctrine was ftrongly confirm'd by his obferving the ftrength of the levatores Scapula: This Muscle is called the Muscle of patience, because in that affection of Mind people fhrug and raise up the shoulder to the