ed the Butcher in the leg. "Mark (quoth Cor"nelius) how the fellow runs through the prædi"caments. Men, fubftantia; two, quantitas; "fair and black, qualitas; Sergeant and Butcher, "relatio; wounded the other, actio & paffio:

fighting, fitus; Stage, ubi; two a Clock, quando; ❝ blue and red Breeches, habitus." At the fame time he warn❜d Martin, that what he now learn'd as a Logician, he must forget as a natural Philofopher; that tho' he now taught them that accidents inher'd in the fubject, they would find in time there was no fuch thing; and that colour, taste, smell, heat, and cold, were not in the things but only phantafms of our brains. He was forced to let them into this fecret, for Martin could not corceive how a habit of dancing inher'd in a dancingmaster, when he did not dance; nay, he would demand the Characteristicks of Relations: Crambe used to help him out by telling him, a Cuckold, a lofing gamester, a man that had not din'd, a young heir that was kept fhort by his father, might be all known by their countenance; that, in this last cafe, the Paternity and Filiation leave very fenfible impreffions in the relatum and correlatum. The greatest difficulty was when they came to the Tenth prædicament: Crambe affirmed, that his babitus was more a fubftance than he was; for his cloaths could better fubfift without him, than he without his cloaths.

Martin fuppofed an Univerfal Man to be like a Knight of a Shire or a Burgess of a Corporation, that reprefented a great many Individuals. His Father asked him, if he could not frame the Idea of an Univerfal Lord Mayor? Martin told him; that, never having feen but one Lord Mayor, the Idea of that Lord Mayor always returned to his mind; that he had great difficulty to abstract a Lord Mayor from his Fur Gown, and Gold Chain; nay, that the horse he faw the Lord Mayor ride upon not a little disturbed his imagination. On the other hand Crambe, to fhow himself of a more penetrating genius, fwore that he could frame a conception of a Lord Mayor not only without his Horfe, Gown, and Gold Chain, but even without Stature, Feature, Colour, Hands, Head, Feet, or any Body; which he fuppofed was the abstract of a Lord Mayor. Cornelius told him that he was a lying Rafcal; that an Univerfale was not the object of imagination, and that there was no fuch thing in reality, or a parte Rei. But I can prove (quoth Crambe) that there are Clyfters a parte Rei, but Chyflers are univerfales; ergo. Thus prove my Minor. Quod aptum eft ineffe multis, is an univerfale by definition: but every clyfter before it is adminiftred has that quality; therefore every clyfer is an univerfale.

I

This is not a fair reprefentation of what is faid in the Ef fyn Human Undo ft. concerning gen ral and abstract ideas. But fer us writers have done that Philofop..er the fame injustice.

He alfo found fault with the Advertisements, that they were not ftrict logical definitions: In an advertisement of a Dog stolen or ftrayed, he faid it ought to begin thus, An irrational animal of the Genus caninum, &c. Cornelius told them, that tho' those advertisements were not framed according to the exact rules of logical definitions, being only defcriptions of things numero differentibus, yet they contained a faint image of the prædicabilia, and were highly subfervient to the common purposes of life; often difcovering things that were loft, both animate and inanimate. An Italian Greybound, of a moufe-colour, a white fpeck in the neck, lame of one leg, belongs to fuch a Lady. Greyhound, genus; mouse-colour'd, etc. differentia; lame of one leg, accidens; belongs to fuch a Lady, proprium.

Though I'm afraid I have tranfgreffed upon my Reader's patience already, I cannot help taking notice of one thing more extraordinary than any yet mentioned; which was Crambe's Treatife of Syllogifms. He fuppofed that a Philofopher's brain was like a great Foreft, where Ideas ranged like animals of feveral kinds; that those Ideas сориlated, and engendered Conclufions; that when thofe of different Species copulate, they bring forth monsters or absurdities; that the Major is the male, the Minor the female, which copulate by the Middle Term, and engender the Conclufion. Hence they are called the præmiffa, or Predeceffors of the

Conclufion; and it is properly said by the Logicians quod pariant fcientiam, opinionem, they beget science, opinion, etc. Univerfal Propofitions are Perfons of quality; and therefore in Logick they are faid to be of the firft Figure. Singular Propositions are private perfons, and therefore placed in, the third or laft figure, or rank.. From thofe principles all the rules of Syllogisms naturally follow.

I. That there are only three Terms, neither more nor lefs; for to a child there can be only one father and one mother. II. From univerfal premiffes there follows an univerfal conclufion, as if one should fay, that perfons of quality always beget perfons of quality.

III. From the fingular premiffes follows only a fingular conclufion, that is, if the parents be only private people, the iffue must be fo likewife. IV. From particular propofitions nothing can be concluded, becaufe the Individua vaga are (like whoremasters and common ftrumpets)

barren.

V. There cannot be more in the conclufion than was in the premiffes, that is,. children can, only inherit from their parents.

VI. The conclufion follows the weaker part, that

is, children inherit the difcafes of their parents.

VII. From two negatives nothing can be concluded, for from divorce or feparation there can come no iffue.

VIII. The medium cannot enter the conclufion, that being logical incest,

IX. An hypothetical propofition is only a contract, or a promise of marriage; from fuch therefore there can spring no real iffue. X. When the premiffes or parents are neceffa→ rily join'd (or in lawful wedlock) they beget lawful iffue; but contingently joined, they beget baftards.

So much for the Affirmative propofitions; the Negative must be deferred to another occafion.

Crambe used to value himself upon this System, from whence he said one might fee the propriety of the expreffion, fuch a one has a barren imagination; and how common it is for fuch people to adopt conclufions that are not the issue of their premiffes? therefore as an Abfurdity is a Monster, a Falfity is a Baftard; and a true conclufion that followeth not from the premiffes, may properly be faid to be adopted. But then what is an Enthymem (quoth Cornelius.) Why, an Enthymem (replied Crambe) is when the Major is indeed married to the Minor, but the Marriage kept fecret.

METAPHYSICKS were a large field in which to exercise the Weapons Logick had put into their