Value Orientations in Counseling and Psychotherapy: The Meanings of Mental Health

anxiety attempt attitudes aware B. F. Skinner basic become behavioral engineer behavioral sciences behavioral scientist behaviorist believes Bugental Carl Rogers client concept concern contemporary counseling and psychotherapy counselors and psychotherapists culture describes develop encapsulated ethical evil existence existential existential therapy existentialist experience faith feeling freedom Freud frustration functions goals human behavior humanistic ideal ideological increasingly individual inner inner-directed Kierkegaard learning theory man's Maslow meaning mental health mental illness mental-illness modern moral moralist motivation myth naturalistic nature neurosis neurotic nonbeing O. H. Mowrer objectivist ethics one's other-directed patient personal values philosophical physiological political positive mental health problems professional psychiatric psychiatry psycho psychoanalysis psychological psychology rational reality reason regarded reinforcement relationship religion religious responsibility result Rogers role scientific seeks sense situation Skinner social control social values society Søren Kierkegaard superego Szasz theological theorists thera therapeutic therapist therapy tion traditional truth value orientation