The Data of Ethics, Edição 71Williams and Norgate, 1879 - 288 páginas |
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Termos e frases comuns
accompanying achieved actions activities acts to ends adapted adjustments of acts admitted aggregate altruistic pleasure arises Aristotle becomes belief benefit bodily bring CALIFORN caused co-operation complete conceived conception connexions consciousness consequences considered constituted contrast creatures definite degree division of labour effects efforts egoistic satisfactions emotions entailed ethical evils evolution of conduct evolved existence feelings fulfilment functions further gratification greater greatest happiness greatest happiness principle guidance habitually hedonism Hence Herbert Spencer higher human ideal ideas implied increase individual injurious justice kind labour larvæ less living means ment mental misery moral motions motive nature needs observe offspring organism paradox of Hedonism physical Plato pleasures and pains principle Principles of Psychology produce prompted pursuit recognize reflex actions relations relative remote requirements respect restraints riences sensations sentiency shown social society Suppose sympathy theory things thought tion truth ultimate utilitarianism welfare wrong yield
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Página 164 - Thou hast proved mine heart; thou hast visited me in the night; thou hast tried me, and shalt find nothing; I am purposed that my mouth shall not transgress.
Página 224 - I must again repeat what the assailants of utilitarianism seldom have the justice to acknowledge, that the happiness which forms the utilitarian standard of what is right in conduct is not the agent's own happiness but that of all concerned. As between his own happiness and that of others, utilitarianism requires him to be as strictly impartial as a disinterested and benevolent spectator.
Página 220 - That principle is a mere form of words without rational signification, unless one person's happiness, supposed equal in degree (with the proper allowance made for kind), is counted for exactly as much as another's. Those conditions being supplied, Bentham's dictum, "everybody to count for one, nobody for more than one," might be written under the principle of utility as an explanatory commentary.
Página 19 - is a definite combination of heterogeneous changes, both simultaneous and successive, in correspondence with external coexistences and sequences.
Página 52 - Therefore, before the names of just and unjust can have place, there must be some coercive power to compel men equally to the performance of their covenants, by the terror of some punishment greater than the benefit they expect by the breach of their covenant...
Página 20 - We have also concluded that these last stages in the evolution of conduct are those displayed by the highest type of being, when he is forced, by increase of numbers, to live more and more in presence of his fellows.
Página 26 - Moreover, just as we there saw that evolution becomes the highest possible when the conduct simultaneously achieves the greatest totality of life in self, in offspring, and in fellow men ; so here we see that the conduct called good rises to the conduct conceived as best, when it fulfils all three classes of ends at the same time.
Página 52 - For where no covenant hath preceded, there hath no right been transferred, and every man has right to everything and consequently, no action can be unjust. But when a covenant is made, then to break it is unjust and the definition of injustice is no other than the not performance of covenant. And whatsoever is not unjust is just.
Página 57 - I conceive it to be the business of Moral Science to deduce, from the laws of life and the conditions of existence, what kinds of action necessarily tend to produce happiness, and what kinds to produce unhappiness. Having done this, its deductions are to be recognized as laws of conduct ; and are to be conformed to irrespective of a direct estimation of happiness or misery.
Página 20 - And there has followed the corollary that conduct gains ethical sanction in proportion as the activities, becoming less and less militant and more and more industrial, are such as do not necessitate mutual injury or hindrance, but consist with, and are furthered by, co-operation and mutual aid.