CHAPTER XXI. Families of the Daityas. Descendants of Kasyapa by Danu. Children of Kasyapa by his other wives. Birth of the Maruts, the sons of Diti. THE Sons of Samhráda,* (the son of Hiranyakasipu), were Áyushmat, Śibi, and Báshkala.1† Prahláda had a son named Virochana; whose son was Bali; who had a hundred sons, of whom Báńa was the eldest.2 Hiranyáksha also had many sons, all of whom were Daityas of great prowess:: Jharjhara, § Sakuni, Bhú 1 The Padma Puráňa makes these the sons of Prahláda. The Bhagavata says there were five sons, but does not give the names. It also inserts the sons of Hláda; making them the celebrated demons Ilvala and Vátápi. The Váyu refers to Hláda other Daityas, famous in Pauráńik legend; making his son, Nisunda, and his sons, Sunda and Upasunda: the former, the father of Maricha and Táraká; the latter, of Múka. 2 The Padma Puráňa and Váyu name several of these: but they are not of any note. The latter gives the names of two daughters, who are more celebrated, Pútaná and Sakuni. * In p. 30, supra, the Translator prefers to call him Samhláda. See the two notes there. According to the Bhagavata-puráňa, VI., 18, 15, Báshkala-who had a brother, Mahisha-was son of Anuhráda and Súrmyȧ. : हिरण्याक्षसुताश्चासन्सर्व एव महाबलाः । § Variants of this name are Urjhara, Bhúrbhúra, Bhúrbhúva, Karkara, and Pútaná. || At VI., 18, 13 and 14, it speaks of one son of Samhráda, Panchajana, with Kŕiti for his mother; and of Vátápi and Ilvala, sons of Hráda, by Dhamani. tasantápana, Mahánábha, the mighty-armed and the valiant Táraka. These were the sons of Diti.1 The children of Kasyapa, by Danu, were Dwimúrdhan, Sankara,* Ayomukha, Sankusiras, Kapila, Sambara, Ekachakra, and another† mighty Táraka, Swarbhánu, Vŕishaparvan, Puloman, and the powerful Viprachitti. These were the renowned Dánavas or sons of Danu.2 Swarbhánu had a daughter named Prabhá;3 and Sarmishtha was the daughter of Vrishaparvan, as were Upadánaví and Hayasiras." 1 The descendants of Hiranyáksha are said, in the Padma Purána, to have extended to seventy-seven crores, or seven hundred and seventy millions. Some copies, for Táraka, read Kálanábha. + 2 The Padma and Váyu Puráňas furnish a much longer list of names: but those of most note are the same as in the text, with which also the Bhagavata, § for the most part, agrees. 3 The Bhagavata makes Prabhá the wife of Namuchi. According to the Váyu, she is the mother of Nahusha. * Married to Yayáti, as will be related. ¶ 5 The text might be understood to imply that the latter two In two MSS. inspected the reading is Śankura. †The Sanskrit, in the MSS. I have examined, has nothing correspondent to this word. It should seem that mention is made, in the present chapter, of only one Táraka, but of two Kálanábhas. Only in the text accompanying what I have called the smaller commentary do I find Táraka. Elsewhere the reading is Kálanábha. § At VI., 6, 29 and 30, it names Dwimúrdhan, Śambara, Arishta, Hayagriva, Vibhavasu, Ayomukha, Śankuśiras, Swarbhánu, Kapila, Aruna, Puloman, Vŕishaparvan, Ekachakra, Anutápana, Dhúmrakeśa, Virúpáksha, and Viprachitti. Many of these names occur again at VIII., 10, 19-22. VI., 6, 31. The reading which I find is Suprabha. In Book IV., Chapter X. And see the Bhagavata-puráňa, VI., 6, 31. Vaiśwánara1 had two daughters, Pulomá and Kálaká;* who were both married to Kasyapa, † and bore him sixty thousand distinguished Dánavas, called Paulomas and Kálakanjas, who were powerful, ferocious, and cruel. 2 The sons of Viprachitti, by Simhiká, (the sister of Hiranyakasipu), were Vyamsa, Salya the strong, Nabha the powerful, Vátápi, Namuchi, Ilvala, Khasrima, Anjaka, § Naraka, and Kálanábha, the valiant Swar were the daughters of Vaiśwánara; and the Bhagavata T has: "The four lovely daughters of Vaiśwánara were Upadánaví, Hayaśirá, Pulomá, and Kálaká." The Padma substitutes Vajrá and Sundari for the two former names. The Vayu specifies only Pulomá and Kálaká as the daughters of Vaiśwánara, as does our text. Upadánaví, according to the Bhagavata, ** is the wife of Hiranyáksha; and Hayaśirá, of Kratu. 1 Though not specified, by the text, as one of the Dánavas, he is included in the catalogue of the Váyu: and the commentator on the Bhagavata calls him a son of Danu. 2 The word is also read Kúlakas and Kálakeyas. †† The Mahábhárata, I., 643, has Kálakanjas. * Professor Wilson had "Kálika”, for which I have discovered no warrant. And see the Bhagavata-puráňa, VI., 6, 32, et seq. The original gives Márichi. Variants are Ilvana, Ilbana, and Itthana. § It appears that this name is as often written Anjika. It is scarcely so, if I may confide in my MSS.; the text being as follows: स्वभानोस्त प्रभा कन्या शर्मिष्ठा वार्षपर्वणी ॥ उपदानवी हयशिराः प्रख्याता वरकन्यकाः । ¶ VI., 6, 32. The most ordinary reading is, apparently, Kálakhanjas, as against Kalakanjas. One MS. seen by me has Kálikeyas. bhánu, and the mighty Vaktrayodhin.' 1* These were the most eminent Dánavas,2 through whom the race of Danu was multiplied, by hundreds and thousands, through succeeding generations. In the family of the Daitya Prahláda, the Nivátakavachas were born, whose spirits were purified by rigid austerity. 3 Támrá (the wife of Kasyapa) had six illustrious 1 The text omits the two most celebrated of the Saimhikeyas or sons of Simhiká, Ráhu (see Vol. I., p. 148, note) and Ketu, who are specified both in the Bhagavata† and the Vayu; the former, as the eldest son. Of the other sons it is said, by the Váyu, that they were all killed by Paraśuráma. 2 Two names of note, found in the Váyu, are omitted by the Vishnu; that of Puloman, the father of Sachi, the wife of Indra, and mother of Jayanta; and Maya, the father of Vajrakámá and Mahodarí. 3 The Bhagavata says the Paulomas were killed by Arjuna, who, therefore, the commentator observes, were the same as the Nivátakavachas. But the Mahábhárata describes the destruction of the Nivátakavachas, and of the Paulomas and Kalakeyas, as the successive exploits of Arjuna. Vana Parvan, 8: I., 633. The story is narrated in detail only in the Mahábhárata, which is, consequently, prior to all the Puránas in which the allusion occurs. According to that work, the Nivátakavachas were Dánavas, to the number of thirty millions, residing in the depths of the sea; and the Paulomas and Kálakanjas were the children of two Daitya dames, Pulomá and Kálaká, inhabiting Hiranyapura, the golden city, floating in the air. * Vakrayodhin occurs in three MSS. that I have seen. †The Bhagavata-purána, VI., 6, 35, speaks of Rahu as being the eldest-born of the Ketus, who were a hundred in number: विप्रचित्तिः सिंहिकायां शतं चैकमजीजनत् । * daughters, named Sukí, Syení, Bhásí, Sugríví, Šuchi, and Gridhriká. Śuki gave birth to parrots, owls, and crows;1 Śyení, to hawks; Bhásí, to kites; Gridhrí, to vultures; Suchi, to water-fowl; Sugríví, to horses, camels, and asses. Such were the progeny of Támrá. Vinatá bore to Kasyapa two celebrated sons, Garuda and Aruna. The former, also called Suparna, was the king of the feathered tribes, and the remorseless enemy of the serpent race. The children of Surasa were a thousand mighty many-headed serpents, traversing the sky.3 All the copies read शुकी शुकानजनयदुलूकी प्रत्युलूककान् । which should be, 'Suki bore parrots; and Ulúkí, the several sorts of owls.' But Ulúkí is nowhere named as one of the daughters of Támrà: and the reading may be उलूकप्रत्युलूककान् । 'Owls and birds opposed to owls', i. e., crows. The authorities generally concur with our text. But the Vayu has a somewhat different account, or: Śukí, married to Garuda, the mother of parrots; Śyení, married to Aruna, mother of Sampáti and Jaťáyu; Bhásí, the mother of jays, owls, crows, peacocks, pigeons, and fowls; Kraunchi, the parent of curlews, herons, cranes; and Dhritaráshírí, the mother of geese, ducks, teal, and other water-fowl. The three last are also called the wives of Garuda. 2 Most of the Puráňas agree in this account. But the Bhágavata makes Vinatá the wife of Tárksha, and, in this place, substitutes Sarama, ‡ the mother of wild animals. The Váyu adds the metres of the Vedas, as the daughters of Vinatá; and the Padma gives her one daughter, Saudáminí. * + 3 The dragons of modern fable. Anayus (or Danayus) is Professor Wilson put "Gridhriká". This reading actually occurs in two MSS. that I have examined. Tárksha is a name of Kasyapa; and Garuda is said—in the Bhágavata-purána, VI., 6, 22-to be his son by Suparna. Vide supra, p. 28, note 2, and my extract, there given, from the Bhágavata-puráňa, |