4 3 Támrá, Kapilá,* Salu, Suvámá,1 Vedáśwá, Hariśrává, Mahopamá, Šíghrá, Pichchhilá, the deep Bháradwají, the Kausikí, the Sońa, Báhudá, and Chandramá, Durgá, Antraśilá, Brahmabodhya, Brihadwatí, Yavakshá, Rohí, Jámbúnadí, Sunasá, Tamasá, Dásí, 6 5 7 8 1 The Vámá or Suvámá, 'the beautiful river', Wilford + identifies with the Rámgangá. 2 Also Mahapagá, 'the great river'. 3 Also Kuchchhilá. The Sone river, rising in Mainákat or Amarkantak, and flowing east to the Ganges. 5 This and the preceding both rise from the Vindhya mountain. The latter is also read Antahśilá, 'the river flowing within or amidst rocks'. 6 Also Parokshá. 7 We have a Suraná in the Váyu; and Surasá, in the Kúrma and Matsya; flowing from the Riksha mountain. 8 The Tamasá or Tonse, from Riksha. * It is said, in the thirty-fifth chapter of the Revá-máhátmya, that the Kapila originated from the water used by King Vasudána in performing a sacrifice. In the fourth chapter of the same work, the Kapilá is described as flowing from the north, and as joining the Narmadá at Siddhimanwantara. I should mention that the Revá-máhátmya to which I refer in these notes purports to be a part of the Skanda-purána, and differs, most essentially, almost from the beginning, from the much more voluminous Revá-máhatmya-professedly from the Rudra-samhita, Raudri samhita, or Siva-samhitá, an appendage to the Vayu-purána-known in Europe. There is an excellent copy of the larger work in the I. O. Library. See, for an account of it, Dr. Aufrecht's Catalog. Cod. Manuscript., &c., pp. 64, et seq. The Padma-purána places Bhrigukshetra at the confluence of the Kapila with the Narmadá. See Professor Wilson's Essays, Analytical, &c., Vol. I., p. 38. + Asiatic Researches, Vol. XIV., p. 410. See p. 141, second foot-note, supra. Mount Mekala-not Mainákais given as the source of the Sone in the Bengal recension of the Rámáyana, Kishkindhá-káńda, XL., 20. Vasá, Varaná, Así,1 Nálá, Dhŕitimatí, Púrnáśá,2* Támasí,3 Vrishabhá,† Brahmamedhyá, Brihadwatí. These and many other large streams, as the Krishná, whose waters are always salubrious, and the slow-flowing 4 This and the preceding scarcely merit a place amongst the rivers; being two small streams which fall into the Ganges east and west of Benares, which is, thence, denominated Varańásí.‡ Parńás᧠or Varnáśá, from the Páripátra mountain. 3 Also Mánaví. The Krishná of the Deccan is, probably, here intended; although its more ordinary designation seems to be that already specified, Krishnavená or Krishnavení. The meaning is much the same; the one being the ‘dark river', the other, simply the 'dark', the Niger. In the Calcutta edition of the Mahabharata, this stream, and two others named before, the Panchami and the Tungavená, have the epithet of 'great river', which is omitted by the Translator. The text, from "Brahmabodhya" to "Vrishabhá", both names included, has, to me, the air of an interpolation. Some MSS. omit it; and in the Calcutta edition there is Varuńá for "Varańá". + + Sic in orig. See the Vámana-puráňa, Chap. XV. The prototypes of 'Benares' given in Professor Wilson's Sanskrit Dictionary are Varańasí, Váráńasí, and Varáńasí. The second of these three forms is the most usual, and is as old as the Mahábháshya, II., 1, 16, for instance; but only the first can possibly come from Varaná + Así. The Así, pace M. de Saint-Martin, is a real brook, and not a fiction, if I may trust my own senses. I have often crossed the bridge over it. "Cette The essayist just named,-Étude sur la Géog. Grecque et Latine de l'Inde, p. 286,-referring to the 'Epévvenis or 'Eqivéons, writes: rivière, la dernière de la liste d'Arrien, se reconnaît sans difficulté dans la Varânasî, petite rivière qui se jette dans la gauche du Gange à Bénarès, qui en a pris son nom (en sanscrit Vârânâsî).” On what authority, one may inquire, besides Hiouen Thsang wrested, does this geographer place a river Varáńasí near the city of Benares? See his Mémoire Analytique, &c., pp. 95, 110, 111. § See, for a river thus denominated, Mahábhárata, Anuśásana-parvan, 7647. Varnáśá = Bannás, the name of two Indian rivers. Vide p. 150, supra, text and notes. 2 Mandaváhiní,' the Brahmání, Mahágaurí, Durgá,3 Chitropalá, ** Chitrarathá, Manjulá, 5+ Mandákiní, Vaitaraní,' the great river Kośá, the Muktimatí, Ma 1 7 A river from Suktimat: Váyu. 8 9 2 A river in Cuttack, according to Wilford. § It is one of the Tirthas of the Mahábhárata,|| and, apparently, in a different direction. Buchanan (Eastern Hindustan, Vol. II., p. 585) has a river of this name in Dinajpoor. 3 Both from the Vindhya: Váyu and Kúrma. There is a Goaris, in Ptolemy, in Central India. 4 From Riksha: Váyu. 5 Also Munjá and Makaraváhiní. 6 From Riksha: Váyu. According to the Mahábhárata, ¶ it rises in the mountain Chitrakúta. ** 'The Byeturnee in Cuttack. It is named, in the Mahábhárata,†† as a river of Kalinga. ‡‡ ++ 8 Also read Nípá and Koká. • From Riksha, but read also Śuktimatí, §§ which is the read On The Pratápa-mártanda speaks of the river Chitrotpalá, in the country of Utkala, that is to say, within the limits of the present Orissa. this river see Colonel Wilford, Asiatic Researches, Vol. XIV., p. 404. † Here, in the original, the Váhini is interposed. Possibly the Translator took the word to be epithetical. On the other hand, he has, in the preceding pages, treated as appellations of rivers several words which I am disposed to regard as only qualificatory; namely, vipápá, satabalá, and pápahará. There were more Mandákinís than one. See Original Sanskrit Texts, Part II., p. 429, foot-note 88. § Asiatic Researches, Vol. XIV., p. 404. It is well known. ** A tirtha called Bráhmaní is mentioned in the Vana-parvan, 8036. It is a northern river in the Bengal recension of the Rámáyana, Kishkindhá-kánda, XLIV., 94. + Vana-parvan, 10098. ++ The Bengal recension of the Rámáyana, Kishkindhá-káńda, XLIV., 65, locates a Vaitaraní river in the north. §§ See my fourth note at p. 132, supra. 6 ningá,1 Pushpavení, Utpalávatí, Lohityá,2* Karatoyá,3 † Vŕishakahwá, Kumári, Rishikulyá,5 Márishá, Saraswatí, Mandákiní, Puńyá, Sarvasangá. All these, the universal mothers, productive of abundance, besides hundreds of inferior note, are the rivers of Bhárata, ing of the Matsya. Wilford§ considers it to be the Swarnarekhá of Cuttack. 1 Also Anágá and Surangá. Perhaps the preferable reading should be Sumangá; a river flowing from Maináka, according to the Mahábhárata. 2 Part of the Brahmaputra. 3 A considerable river in the east, flowing between Dinajpoor and Rungpoor. 4 Also Vrishasáhwá. 5 This and the preceding flow from Šuktimat, according to the Váyu, Matsya, and Kúrma. The last occurs also Rishiká. ¶ 6 Also Suparná. The Punya is considered to be the Poonpoon of Behar; but there is also a Poorna river in the same province. 7 It is possible that further research will identify more than those attempted to be verified in the foregoing notes, as well as meet with others readily recognizable. In the authorities con * In the Mahábh., Anuśás.-parvan, 7647, a river Lohita is spoken of; and the Bengal recension of the Rámáyańa, Kish.-káńda, XL., 26, places the "great river" Lauhitya in the east. And see As. Res., Vol. XIV., p. 425. + See As. Res., Vol. XIV., p. 422; also my second note at p. 149, supra. The original speaks of these rivers as existing "by hundreds and by thousands”: शतशोऽथ सहस्रशः. § Asiatic Researches, Vol. XIV., p. 403. || This and "Vŕishakahwȧ", if real readings, I take to mean "the river named Vŕishaka" and "the river named Vŕishasá." The printed Mahábhárata has Vŕishakȧhwayȧ. See pp. 130-132, supra. As to the Vishnu-purána, though it may be uncertain whether it derives a Kishikulyȧ river—rather than the Áryakulya from the Mahendra mountains, there is scarcely room to doubt that it refers to the Suktimat mountains a stream so named. Kishikulya, further, stands among the synonyms of Gangá in the Haima-kośa, IV., 148. Also see p. 167, infra, note 1, etc. according to remembrance. sulted several occur not comprehended in the text, as the Kuhú and Ikshu,* from the Himalaya; Vŕitraghní, Chandanᆠ(Chundun of Bhagalpoor), Mahí (the Mahy of Western Malwa), Śiprá, and Avantí (rivers near Oojein), from Páripátra; Mahanada in Orissa, Drumá, Daśárná (Dhosaun§ in Bundelkhand), Chitrakútá, Śrońí (or Śyená), Piśáchiká, Banjulá, Báluváhiní, and Matkuńá, all from Riksha; Nirvindhya, Madrá, Nishadhá, Śinibáhu, Kumudwatí, and Toyá, from Vindhya; Banjula, from Sahya; Kritamálá, Támraparní, Pushpajáti, and Utpalavatí, from Malaya; Lángulini and Vamsadhárá, from Mahendra; and Mandagá and Kripá (or Rúpá), from Suktimat. In the Rámáyana we have, besides some already specified, the Ruchirá, Pampá, Eastern Saraswati, ¶ Vegavatí or Vyki of Madurá, and Varada or Wurda of Berar; and we have many others in the Mahábhárata and different works, from which the Sanskrit appellations of most of the Indian rivers might be, with some little time and trouble, collected. * For the Ikshumati, the 'Osuaris of Arrian, see As. Res., Vol. XIV., pp. 420, 421; also Indische Alterthumskunde, Vol. I., p. 602, first foot-note; and, for the Ikshumálaví, &c., p. 145, supra, with the Translator's note thereon. Further, the Niti-mayúkha names the Ikshuka. † In the Bengal recension of the Rámáyana, Kishkindhá-káńda XL., 20, the Chandani, in the east, is spoken of; and a Mount Chandana, in the south, at XL., 3. ‡ See p. 134, supra, foot-note. It should seem that Siprȧ is no variant of the Vaidik Síphá. See M. Vivien de Saint-Martin's Géographie du Véda, p. 53, first foot-note. § Now called, by the natives, Dasán. It rises in Bhopal, and empties into the Betwa. A Daśárúá river is said, in the Puráńas, according to Professor Wilson, to rise in a mountain called Chitrakúťa. See his Essays, Analytical, &c., Vol. II., p. 336, first foot-note. || Signor Gorresio takes this word as an epithet of the Kutila: Bengal recension of the Rámáyana, Kishkindhá-kánda, XL., 20. ¶ Kishkindhá-káńða, XL., 24, Bengal recension. In the corresponding passage of the genuine Rámáyańa, XL., 21, the Saraswati appears unqualified; and also in the Bengal recension, as a southern river, at XLI., 57. |