All the Kings and Potentates in Europe subsidized by England against Napoleon Napoleon, abdicated restored and abdicated 1813 1814 1815 Obs. The preceding dates should be accurately remembered by every one, who would talk and reason on historical facts. But there is an art of short memory, worthy of being known; by which, all numbers and dates may be converted into syllables, and added to the word to which the date belongs. For this purpose, a set of vowels and diphthongs, and a set of consonants, are assigned to every one of the digits; and in forming a date into a syllable, either vowels or consonants may be taken at pleasure; thus, k n z In the vowel-line, the five first digits are represented by the five vowels, and 6, 7, and 9, are diphthongs, formed from combining vowels that make up their numbers. Ei are the two first letters of the word eight, and y for 10, is the occasional vowel. In the consonant-lines b is the first consonant, and t, f, s, and n, are the first letters, of their respective digits; d is the first letter of duo, two; 1 stands for 5 or 50; p stands for 7, from its full sound in septem, seven; and z is the last letter in the alphabet. As the year of the Creation can never be forgotten by the lowest intellect, I shall begin with the Deluge, and dropping uge, affix a syllable to Del, corresponding with 2, 3, 4, 8. Looking to the table, and taking d for 2, i for 3, f for 4, and k for 8, I make the syllable difk, which added to del, makes deldifk. Or, to vary the example, I can make a different termination by taking e for 2, t for 3, o for 4, and k for 8, which added to del, make deletok, either of which may be easily remembered; but the former is to be preferred, because only one syllable. It is, therefore, an easy task for the student to make syllabic terminations to all the preceding dates; and then Bb commit the whole to memory. He may, also, extend the art to other dates, distances, and numbers, and 2 or 300 such, will easily be recollected through life. 631. History is one of the most agreeable studies; but unhappily, there are few authentic histories. The causes of political events are often unknown; and the real characters of those who direct the affairs of mankind, are generally perverted by prejudice, falsehood, or flattery. It will, however, be useful in many respects, to be acquainted with the revolutions of empires; and for this object, recourse must be had to general and particular histories.-See Robinson's Grammar of History; and also his Ancient and Modern History. 632. It has been already observed, that the first families, or tribes, were shepherds or hunters. The quarrels of these led to wars; wars to conquest; and conquest to increased dominion, and to empire. The first conqueror, according to holy writ, was Nimrod, a powerful hunter; who built Babylon, and laid the foundation of the Assyrian Monarchy. He was succeeded by his son Ninus; who built Nineveh, and extended his dominions all over Asia, from India to the Mediterranean. 633. Ninus was succeeded by his wife Semiramis; who for a length of time, wore a man's habit, and extended her empire over Egypt, Ethiopia, and other countries of Africa. Her son Ninias succeeded her; and he had thirty successors, during a period of 1300 years, when Sardanapalus burnt himself in his palace at Nineveh; and the Assyrian monarchy was divided into the Chaldean and Persian empires. 634. These empires continued separate, about 200 years; when both were united by Cyrus, (Cy-les) who established the second universal empire, called the Persian empire, which lasted more than 200 years. It was then conquered by Alexander the Great, king of Macedon, who in his own person established, for a few years, the third universal empire, called the Macedonian empire; which included Greece, Asia from the Mediterranean to the Indies, and Egypt in Af rica. 635. On the death of Alexander, which took place at Babylon in the 33d year of his age, owing to a fever brought on by intoxication, his vast dominions were divided by his generals, who desolated the world by their mutual wars for many years afterwards. During these ages, civilization was confined to a few countries of Asia and Africa, and to Greece: the rest of the world was in a state of barbarism; and nothing is known of its history. 636. Soon after the death of Alexander the Great, in 323, (Alexan-tet) a new power arose more to the west, the ambition of which in time, spread its dominions over barbarous, as well as civilized nations. This was the Roman empire; which commenced from the city of Rome, built by Romulus, in 753 (Rom-put) before Christ. By degrees it spread itself over Italy; thence to Greece and Africa; afterwards over the civilized parts of Asia (ex cept China and India ;) and finally over all Europe, even to Scotland, and became the fourth great monarchy. 637. Greece, in its greatest extent, included Hellas, Thessaly, Macedonia, Thracia, Peloponnesus, and some colonies in Asia. The most remarkable events, which took place in Grecian history, were, the invasion of Greece by Xerxes, 480; the Peloponnesian war; and the reduction and subjugation of Greece, by Philip of Macedon. The most celebrated political and military characters in that country, were Miltiades, Themistocles, Aristides, Pericles, Cimon, Lysander, Alcibiades, Thrasybulus, Conon, Epaminondas, Agesilaus, Phocion, and Xenophon. 638. The Roman empire, in the time of Augustus, was bounded on the west, by the Atlantic and Northern Ocean; on the north, by the Rhine and the Danube; on the east, by the Euphrates; and on the south, by the sandy deserts of Arabia and Africa. It extended above two thousand miles in breadth, and more than three thousand in length, of chiefly fertile and well-cultivated land. 639. Among the most celebrated characters of Rome, may be reckoned Junius Brutus, Camillus, the two Scipios, Marius, Sylla, Pompey, Julius Cæsar, the two Catos, Cicero, Brutus, Cassius: all of whom flourished in the time of the Republic. The most remarkable events of Roman history were, The invasion of Italy by the Gauls under Brennus, who plundered and burnt the city of Rome; The subjugation of the Samnites, after a war of thirty years; The invasion of Italy by Hannibal, the Carthaginian ; The reduction of Macedon and Greece; The fall and destruction of the fine city of Carthage, after the third Punic war; The division of the empire into east and west, by Constantine; And the annihilation of the Roman power, by the Goths, Vandals, and Turks. 640. The extensive empire of Germany, the head of which was, till lately, called the Roman emperor, subsisted in its late form, from 912 till 1808. The most remarkable events which took place in Germany, were The contentions between the popes; emperors and the The rise and progress of the reformation; And the union of the German empire and the kingdom of Spain, in the person of Charles V.; who was the most celebrated emperor of the house of Austria. 641. The French monarchy commenced 481. The most remarkable events which have taken place in France, were The subduing of the greatest part of Europe, by Charlemagne ; The conquest of the greater part of France by the English, under Edward III. and Henry V. The successes and defeats of Louis XIV.; |