14. Arnold published an address to the American army, in which he reproached congress, and endeavored to induce the soldiers and officers to join the ranks of the enemy. But his address was regarded with the utmost contempt. His character was now branded with infamy, and detested wherever it was known. He stands alone, among all the officers of the Revolution, as a traitor to the cause of his country. 15. The American soldiers in their winter quarters, again suffered all the miseries of famine and nakedness. Their wants were not supplied, till they had revolted and threatened to desert the camp. One body of 1300 men, left their quarters and set out for Philadelphia, to demand redress of their wrongs. One officer, in attempting to oppose their designs, was killed. At length General Wayne appeared in front of the line, and presenting his pistol, threatened to fire. They charged their bayonets and said, “We love and respect you; Do not mistake but if you fire, you are a dead man. 14. How was he regarded by the Americans? 15. What was the situation of the soldiers in their winter quarters ? How many started off in a body for Philadelphia? Why? What did General Wayne do? overtaken, drew near to the Hudson, threw himself from his horse, lashed his valise to his shoulders, and calling londly to some British in boats at no great distance, he plunged into the river. After a few shot upon his pursu ers, the British took him on board, and soon carried him to New-York. When the pursuers returned to head-quarters with Champe's horse, the agony of Major Lee, for a moment, was past description, lest the faithful, honorable, intrepid Champe had fallen. But his fears were soon removed, and he hastened to inform Washington of the success, thus far, of his plan. Champe, shortly after his arrival in New-York, enlisted into Arnold's legion, and by careful observation, soon became well acquainted with the habits of the general. He discovered that it was his custom to return home about twelve every night, and that before going to bed he always visited the gar den. Having found two companions, who entered fully into his plans, Champo proposed to seize Arnold in the garden, gag him, convey him through the alleys and streets to a boat, which should be in readiness to carry him across the river to Hoboken; and in case of being questioned, represent Arnold as a drunken soldier, whom they were carrying to the guard-house. Champe communicated his plan to Lee, who, on the night appointed, repaired to Hoboken, ardently hoping there to meet his friend with the traitor. But unfortunately it happened, that on the very day preceding that night, Arnold had removed his quarters to another part of the city, and that Champe, with the other soldiers, had been ordered on board of the fleet, destined for the invasion of Virginia. Nor did he escape from the British service till months afterwards. At length, seizing a favorable opportunity, he deserted the camp of the enemy, and returning to the American army, was received by Lee and by Washington with many marks of gratitude and honor. (Lee's Memoirs.) us. We are not going to the enemy. On the contrary, were they now to appear, you should see us fight under your orders with as much resolution and alacrity But we will be amused no longer; we are determined to obtain what is our just due." Saying this, they proceeded on their march. as ever. 16. When they arrived at Princeton, three emissaries appeared, who tried to hire them to join the British army. They at once seized them as spies, and expressed great indignation at their proposal. The soldiers were soon met by a committee from congress, who satisfied their demands, and persuaded them to return to the camp. They received their wages in specie, and exhibited great manifestations of joy. Thus closed the events of 1780. TERMINATION OF THE WAR. 1. Soon after General Greene* took command of the American forces at the south, he sent out General Morgan,† with about 1000 men, to cut off the tory parties 16. What was the result of this movement? 1. What did General Greene do? Who was sent in pursuit of Morgan ? While * Nathaniel Greene was born in Warwick, Rhode-Island, in 1741. boy, his fondness for learning was such that he devoted all the time he could spare to its acquisition, and spent all the money he earned in purchasing books. He was early distinguished for natural talents, and in such esti mation was his character held, that he was elected a member of the state legislature. In 1776, he was appointed a major-general, and distinguished himself in the battles of Trenton, Princeton, and Germantown. After the disasters which attended the American arms in South Carolina, he was appointed to supersede General Gates. He took the command in the southern department December 4th, 1780. The ability, prudence, and firmness which he here displayed, have caused him to be ranked, in the scale of our revolutionary generals, second only to Washington. After the close of the war, he returned to Rhode Island, and in 1785, removed with his family to Georgia, where he died in 1786. + Daniel Morgan was born in New Jersey, in 1737, and removed to Virginia in 1755. He was wounded in Braddock's defeat, and in the commencement of the revolutionary war, he was appointed by congress captain of a rifle company, with which he marched to Boston. He was with Montgomery in the memorable expedition against Quebec in 1775, and no officer distinguished himself more on this occasion than Morgan. He was with Gates at Sara in the western parts of South Carolina. Cornwallis perceiving this movement, sent Tarleton in pursuit of him. Morgan finding his antagonist much superior in force, retreated as far as Cowpens,* where he put his men in readiness to meet the enemy. 2. On the 17th of January, 1781, Tarleton, confident of victory, drew up his troops, and led them on to the charge. Morgan's militia line broke and fled. His regular troops stood the shock, and fought with great ardor. Soon the enemy pressed on, and Morgan ordered a retreat. In the pursuit, the British were thrown into disorder, and the continentals turning upon them, cut them down with great slaughter. The enemy were defeated with a loss of 300 killed or wounded, and 500 2. Describe the battle of Cowpens. toga, and contributed materially to the glorious triumph obtained over General Burgoyne, though Gates neglected to speak of his merit. He afterwards served under Gates and Greene in the campaign at the south. After the battle of Cowpens, Morgan differed in opinion with Greene as to the route to be taken in his retreat; but yielding to the wishes of the commander, when the two divisions of the army united at Guilford court-house, he left the service, -it is said, in disgust,-and devoted himself to the improvement of his farm in Virginia. He was afterwards a member of congress, and died at Winchester, Virginia, in 1799. Cowpens, a town in the northern part of South Carolina, in Union County. taken prisoners. Of the Americans, only 12 men were killed, and 60 wounded. 3. Immediately after this victory, Morgan set off with his trophies on a rapid march towards Virginia. Cornwallis, mortified at so great a loss, determined to cut them off before they had crossed Catawba river. For twelve days the chase was so close, that the Americans crossed the river Catawba, only two hours before the British arrived, and encamped on the opposite side. Before the next morning a heavy rain fell, which made the ford impassable. Three days after, Cornwallis crossed the river and continued the chase. 4. By this time, General Greene had rode 150 miles across the country to join Morgan. Having sent the prisoners to Charlotteville, he continued to retreat, and before his army had all crossed the river Yadkin, the British appeared and cut off part of his baggage. That night a flood of rain made this river also impassable. The Americans now thought themselves specially favored of heaven. But soon the enemy forded the river and re-commenced pursuit. The race was now for the river Dan, more than 100 miles distant. The last 24 hours the Americans marched 40 miles, and their boats had scarcely reached the northern shore, when the foe appeared on the opposite side. 5. The British, vexed and worn out with fatigue, now retired to Hillsborough. During this retreat the Americans were in great distress for want of food and shoes. Their bare feet marked the frozen ground with blood ;* and even their general was glad to receive a crust of bread from a common soldier. In Virginia the army was refreshed, and strengthened with a force of militia. 3. Describe the movements of Morgan and Cornwallis. 4. Describe the race of the British and Americans through North Carolina. 5. What is said of the Americans during this retreat? About this time, as General Greene was passing a sentinel who was barefooted, he said to him, "I fear, my good fellow, you suffer much from the severe cold." "I do very much," said the soldier, "but I do not complain. I know I should fare better, had our general the means of getting supplies. They say, however, in a few days we shall have a battle, and then I shall take care to secure a pair of shoes." 6. Greene soon returned to North Carolina to encour age the whigs. Here several bands of tories were sur prised and killed, or taken prisoners. On the 15th of March, a severe battle was fought between the two armies at Guilford Court-house. On the 25th of April another was fought on Hobkirk's hill. In these engagements the loss was about the same on each side. 7. About this time, the brave patriots Sumter and Marion, took several important posts from the enemy in South Carolina. Fort Watson, fort Motte, fort Granby, Georgetown and Orangeburg, were all subdued by the Americans, and the garrisons taken prisoners. Augusta was taken by General Lee; and the strong post of the British, at Ninety-Six,* was besieged by the American army. Hearing that Lord Rawdon was advancing with a strong reinforcement, Greene on the 18th June, made a violent assault upon the fort; but was repulsed with some loss. 8. No general engagement again occurred till the 8th of September, when a most bloody battle was fought at Eutaw springs. The British at first were put to route, and compelled to fly. The victory would have been entirely on the side of the Americans, had not the enemy, in their flight, thrown themselves into a large brick house, from which they cut down their pursuers with terrible slaughter. The number of killed and wounded was in all 1400; or about 700 on each side. Victory was claimed on both sides. to Charleston.t 6. Where were battles fought? The enemy soon retreated 7. What places were taken by the Americans? What did General Greene do on the 18th of June? 8. Describe the battle of Eutaw springs. Where are Eutaw springs? A. Near the Santee river, about 50 miles noth of Charleston. Ninety-six was about 150 miles northwest of Charleston, near the Saluda river. † While the British were at Charleston, an event occurred which excited universal sympathy and indignation. This was the execution of Colonel Isaac Hayne, of South Carolina. On the capitulation of Charleston, May 12, 1780, Hayne was taken prisoner, but was allowed to return home on parole, under an engagement not to bear arms. In 1781, he was required to bear arms, or return to Charleston. He did the latter, and was there threatened with close confinement unless he subscribed a declaration of his allegiance to the Briti |