April, in praise of, 107, 108; odors
of, 108, 109; its place in the cal-
endar, 109; spring runs in, 110;
sounds of, 110, 111; morning in,
112; birds of, 112-118; various
phenomena of, 118, 119; in farm
and garden, 119, 120; the natal
season, 120; in poetry, 121-123.
Apuleius, 127.
Art, essence and aims of, 175, 176;
vagueness and spirituality de-
manded in, 176, 177.
Audubon, John James, a poet, 3.
Bacon, Francis, Taine on, 188,
189.
Beauty, power the essential basis
of, 167-172; and the old masters,
167; attitude of the ancients to-
ward, 167, 168; of nature, 168-
173.
quetry in female, 89; in winter,
93-97; the food question with,
93, 94; songless in winter in the
Northern States, 97, 98; change
of habits caused by settlement
and cultivation of the country,
105; in April, 112-118; flight of
large, 207, 208.
Bittern, American (Botaurus
lentiginosus), notes of, 6.
Björnson, Björnstjerne, 128.
Blackbird, cow, or cowbird (Molo-
thrus ater), breeding habits of,
117, 118; notes of, 117, 118.
Blackbird, European, in Tennyson
and Shakespeare, 35.
Bluebird (Sialia sialis), in poetry,
46, 88; wintering eighty miles
north of New York city, 94-
96; notes of, 46, 95; nest of, 84.
Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivo-
rus), appearance and habits of,
22-24; song of, 22-24, 102-104; in
literature, 22, 25-27; 75, 77; in-
dividuality of, 103.
Benton, Myron, his Rumination | Boy, the, a part of Nature, 76, 77;
quoted, 133, 134.
Bible, the, quotation from, 124.
Birds, as inspirers and teachers of
the poets, 3-6; poetry and music
of the songless, 5-7, 30, 31; the
sentiment awakened by the
aquatic, 42-44; expressive lan-
guage of, 46-48; the eyes of,
72, 73; pleasures of an acquaint-
ance with, 83, 84; forever the
same, 85; sorrowful or joyful as-
sociations with, 85, 86; natural
deaths among, 86, 87; their use
of river valleys as migration
highways, 87, 88; lack of co-
the natural history of, 77-81.
Bryant, William Cullen, his Rob-
ert of Lincoln, 25, 26; his To a
Waterfowl, 42, 43.
Buchanan, Robert, on Walt Whit-
man, 259, 260.
Bunting, snow, or snowflake (Pas-
serina nivalis), 97.
Burke, Edmund, 29.
Burns, Robert, 124, 182, 200; quo-
tation from, 7.
Byron, Lord, 172, 182.
Cardinal. See Grosbeak, cardinal.
Carlyle, Thomas, and the larks, 83;
his strength of character, 162, | Dove, mourning (Zenaidura ma-
163; contrasted with Emerson,
181, 182, 199; compared with
Walt Whitman, 254.
Cedar - bird, or cedar waxwing
(Ampelis cedrorum), 84, 94, 95.
Celtis, 94.
Chat, yellow-breasted (Icteria vi-
rens), notes of, 47.
Chaucer, 124.
Chewink, or towhee (Pipilo ery-
throphthalmus), 112; appear-
ance and habits of, 113, 114;
Thomas Jefferson's experience
with, 114, 115; notes of, 114.
Chickadee (Parus atricapillus),
an Emersonian bird, 39, 40;
Emerson's poem on, 40-42; 97.
Chloe, the history of, 145-150.
Cicada, 7.
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, quota-
tion from, 9.
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Cow, the, and her cud, 73, 74; a
picturesque animal, 131, 132; in
literature, 132-134, 138; low-
ing of, 132, 133; in mythology,
134, 135; in Norway, 136, 137; her
manner of feeding, 137, 138; in
parable and proverb, 138; her
wild instincts, 141-143.
Cows, ring-leaders, masters, and
bullies among, 139-142; as tres-
passers, 143-145; the history
of Chloe, 145-150; in Washing-
ton, 145-156; a Virginia cow,
150, 151; adventures of a blind
cow, 152-156.
Crow, American (Corvus brachy-
rhynchos), 49, 87; notes of, 48.
Cuckoo, American, 28, 29; appear-
ance and habits of, 30, 31; notes
of, 31.
Cuckoo, European, in poetry,
28-31; notes of, 30; 118.
Eagle, 5, 6; among crows, 55.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, his Hum-
ble-Bee, 39; his Titmouse, 39-42;
his poetry, 40; quotations from,
40-42, 86, 88, 127, 128, 132; 146,
160; a representative of the
national type, 179; his refine-
ment and condensation, 179-
181; the master Yankee, 182,
183; his alertness, 183; his epi-
grammatic style, 183-185; his
physiognomy, 185, 186; surprise
his weapon, 187; his ancestry,
189; the fruit of extreme cul-
ture, 189-191; on the poets,
191, 192, 195; his poetry, 193, 194;
his limitations, 195, 198; his over-
refinement, 198, 199; deficient in
sympathy, 199, 200; the prophet
and philosopher of youth and
genius, 202-205; his refining in-
fluence, 227.
Everett, Edward, 164, 165.
Eye, the, in mammals and birds,
72, 73.
Flagg, Wilson, his poem, The
O'Lincoln Family, quoted, 26,
27; 131.
Flicker. See High-hole.
Flycatcher, great crested (Myiar-
chus crinitus), 36; notes of, 36.
Flycatchers, characteristics of,
36, 37.
Frogs. See Hyla.
Frost, 68.
Gilder, Richard Watson, his New
Day, 128.
Goethe, 55, 58, 182.
Goose, Canada (Branta cana-
densis), a flock of, 91; notes
of, 6.
Grass in April, 110.
Darwin, Charles, his theory of Grasshopper of Greek poetry,
Dante, 172, 182, 197, 255, 256.
Grecian profile, the, 75, 76.
Greeks, their attitude toward | Lark, shore or horned (Otocoris
beauty, 168; their practical and
objective minds, 176.
Grosbeak, cardinal, or cardinal
(Cardinalis cardinalis), notes
of, 47.
Grosbeak, pine (Pinicola enu-
cleator leucura), 95, 96.
Grouse, ruffed (Bonasa umbellus),
87, 94; drumming of, 109.
Gulls, crooning of, 6.
Hamerton, Philip Gilbert, 132.
Hawk, 6.
Heat, in winter, 68, 69.
George Parsons, his
poem, The Sparrow, 45, 46.
Lincoln, Abraham, 163–165.
Literature, American, decline of
unctuous and sympathetic hu-
mor in, 60-62; lack of strength
and originality in, 163–165.
Lizard, 50.
Locust, 7.
Logan, John, his poem, To the
Cuckoo, 29, 30.
Loon (Gavia imber), habits of.
69-71; notes of, 6, 43, 70, 71.
Lowell, James Russell, quotation
from, 46.
Lyly, John, quotations from, 21,
30.
Heroic sights and sounds, 63-65.
High-hole, or yellow-hammer, or
golden-shafted woodpecker, or
flicker (Colaptes auratus lu-
teus), 93, 94, 117; notes of, 117.
Hogg, James, quotation from, 17. Macaulay, Thomas Babington,
Homer, 6; his Iliad, the great
Man, his relation to Nature, 51-55;
his various attitudes toward
Nature, 58, 59; his sympathy
with the weather, 66-68; in
Walt Whitman's poetry, 224-
232, 238-240; and science, 245, 246.
Manliness more essential than
genius and culture, 157-161.
Martial, 9.
Meadowlark (Sturnella magna),
appearance and habits of, 115-
117; notes of, 48, 104, 105, 115-
117.
Michael Angelo, 182.
Milton, John, quotations from, 9,
172, 192.
Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos),
103; song of, 10, 11; in poetry,
11-16.
Mowing-machine, poetry of the,
65, 66.
Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus), Nature, the balance of, 49, 50;
Lamb, Charles, his spiritual kin-
ship with Thoreau, 59, 60.
Lark. See Skylark.
impartiality of, 51; selfishness
of, 52; man's relation to, 51-
55; man's various attitudes to-
ward, 58, 59; man's sympathy
with her moods, 66-68; the boy's
attitude toward, 76, 77; the
beauty of, 169, 170, 172, 173; un-
derlying power of, 171, 172; the
poetical interpretation of, 171–
58, 59; ancient and modern, 157–
159; Emerson on, 190-192, 195-
197.
173; the two types in, 173, 174; Pope, Alexander, 124.
perpetual transition, 175.
Nightingale, 5, 6; in English
poetry, 8, 9, 34; color, habits,
and song of, 9, 10.
Odors of April, 108, 109.
Quail, or bob-white (Colinus vir-
ginianus), 94.
Railroad, the, an heroic element
of the landscape, 63, 64.
Oriole, Baltimore (Icterus gal- Redpoll (Acanthis linaria), 96.
bula), 85, 86.
Ornithologists, poets in deed if
not in word, 3.
Oven-bird, or golden-crowned
thrush (Seiurus aurocapillus),
song of, 21.
Owl, the, celebrated by the poets,
31-33; habits of, 31, 32, 49.
Ox, the, 135, 136.
Partridge. See Grouse, ruffed.
Pewee, wood (Contopus virens),
appearance and habits of, 36;
notes of, 36, 37.
Phædrus, 7, 8.
Phoebe-bird (Sayornis phœbe), 37;
nest of, 84.
Pigeon, passenger (Ectopistes mi-
gratorius), 87; migrations of, 89,
90; the last flight in the valley
of the Hudson, 90, 91; notes of,
89.
Robin, American (Merula migra-
toria), 84; April's bird, 88, 89;
as warrior and lover, 88, 89;
song of, 47, 48; nest of, 84, 88, 89.
Romans, the first to separate
beauty from use, 167, 168.
Sandpiper, spotted, or tip-up"
(Actitis macularia), 43, 44.
Sandpiper, The, by Celia Thax-
ter, 44, 45.
Sandpipers, characteristics of,
43, 44.
Sappho, 7.
Science, contrasted with art, 175,
176; in poetry, 241-252.
Scott, Sir Walter, 161, 182, 226.
Selection, sexual, theory of, 23, 24.
Shakespeare, 9; quotations from,
21, 32, 33, 35; 121, 124, 172, 174,
182, 190; Emerson's opinion of,
191, 192, 195, 196, 239, 240.
Pipit, American, or titlark (An- Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 5; his To
Poetry, lack of power in current,
170, 171; vital fluid necessary to,
173-175; form in, 216-219; science
in, 241-250.
Poets, inspired and taught by the
birds, 3-5; the ancient poets
and the birds, 5, 6; the Greek
poets and the music of nature,
7,8; and the nightingale, 8, 9:
and the mockingbird, 10-16; and
the skylark, 16-20; and the bob-
olink, 22, 23, 24-27; and the
cuckoo, 28-31; and the owl, 31-
33; their knowledge of Nature,
a Skylark, 18, 19.
Skunk, 50.
Skylark, 5; in English poetry, 16-
20, 34; habits and song of, 16,
17, 19, 20, 103-105; as a mimic,
103, 104.
Snake, black, 51.
Snake, garter, 50, 51.
Snakes, 119.
Snow, deadening influence of, 67;
only a thin veil, 74, 75.
Socrates, 7.
Solomon, quotation from, 124.
Sparrow, social or chipping (Spi-
zella socialis), nest of, 84.
Sparrow, song (Melospiza cinerea
melodia), George Parsons La-
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