He spends the whole eleventh chapter on one simple question, Whether a lie is best contradicted by truth, or by another lie? The author says, that, considering the large extent of the cylindrical surface of the soul, and the great propensity to believe lies in the generality of mankind of late years, he thinks the properest contradiction to a lie, is another lie. For example; if it should be reported that the Pretender was at London, one would not contradict it by saying, he never was in England; but you must prove by eye-witnesses, that he came no farther than Greenwich, and then went back again. Thus if it be spread about, that a great person were dying of some disease, you must not say the truth, that they are in health, and never had such a disease, but that they are slowly recovering of it. So there was not long ago a gentleman, who affirmed, that the treaty with France, for bringing popery and slavery into England, was signed the 15th of September; to which another answered very judiciously, not, by opposing truth to his lie, that there was no such treaty; but that, to his certain knowledge, there were many things in that treaty not yet adjusted.

[The account of the second volume of this excellent treatise is reserved for another time.]

THE

ADDRESS

OF THE

HOUSE OF LORDS

ΤΟ

THE QUEEN.

APRIL 9, 1713.

REVISED BY DR SWIFT, AT THE COMMAND OF THE LORD TREASURER; AND DELIVERED BY THE DUKE OF GRAFTON.

"LORD TREASURER shewed me some of the Queen's speech, which I corrected in several places; and penned the vote of address of thanks for the speech."-Journal de Stella, March 8, 1712–13.

"Lord Treasurer engaged me to dine with him to-day; and I had ready what he wanted."-Ibid. March 15.

"I dined again with Lord Treasurer; but, the Parliament being prorogued, I must keep what I have till next week; for I believe he will not see it till the evening before the session."-Ibid. March 17.

"I dined again with the Lord Treasurer; and though the business I had with him is something against Thursday, when the Parliament is to meet, and this is Tuesday, he put it off till to-morrow.” -Ibid. April 7, 1713.

WE, your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, the lords spiritual and temporal in parliament assembled, do, with the greatest joy and satisfaction, return

our humble thanks to your Majesty, for your most gracious speech from the throne; and for communicating to this House that peace is agreed on, so honourable to your Majesty, and safe and advantageous to your kingdoms; by which we hope, with the blessing of God, that your people will in a few years recover themselves, after so long and expensive a war. We likewise beg leave to congratulate with your Majesty upon the success of your endeavours for a general peace; whereby the tranquillity and welfare of Europe will be owing, (next to the Divine Providence) to your Majesty's wisdom and goodness. We never had the least doubt that your Majesty, who is the greatest ornament and protector of the Protestant religion, would do every thing for securing the Protestant succession; towards which nothing can be more necessary than the perfect harmony there is between your Majesty and the House of Hanover. And we do humbly assure your Majesty, that, as you are pleased to express your dependence, (next under God,) upon the duty and affection of your people; we think ourselves bound, by the greatest ties of religion, loyalty, and gratitude, to make all returns that can be due, from the most obedient subjects, to the most indulgent sovereign.

A MODEST INQUIRY

INTO THE

REASONS OF THE JOY

EXPRESSED BY

A CERTAIN SET OF PEOPLE,

UPON THE SPREADING OF A REPORT

OF

HER MAJESTY'S DEATH.

FIRST PUBLISHED, FEB. 4, 1713-14.

OUR author has given the following account of the Queen's illness, and its effect upon the state of parties :-" In the midst of these dispositions at Court, the Queen fell dangerously sick at Windsor, about 1713. It was confidently reported in town that she was dead, and the heads of the expecting party were said to have various meetings thereupon, and a great hurrying of chairs and coaches to and from the Earl of Wharton's house. Whether this were true or not, yet this much is certain, that the expressions of joy appeared very frequent and loud among many of that party; which proceeding, men of form did not allow to be altogether decent.". "The Queen had early notice of this behaviour among the discontented leaders during her illness. It was, indeed, an affair of such a nature, as required no aggravation, which, however, would not have been wanting; the women of both parties,* who then attended her Majesty, being well disposed to represent it in the strongest light. The result was, that the

The Queen's favour was then divided between Lady Masham and the Duchess of Somerset.

Queen immediately laid aside all her schemes and visions of reconciling the two opposite interests, and entered upon a firm resolution of adhering to the old English principles, from an opinion that the adverse party waited impatiently for her death, upon views little consisting, (as the language and opinion went then,) with the safety of the Constitution, either in church or state."-An Inquiry into the Behaviour of the Queen's last Ministry, vol. V.

There can be little doubt that the resentment of so cutting an affront sunk deep into the Queen's mind; and if she ever entertained any serious thought of disappointing the succession of the House of Hanover, perhaps it may be dated from that period. At all events, she evinced, from that time, an irreconcilable dislike to the Whigs. The following tract was written by Mrs Manley, under the direction of Swift, to excite the sympathy of the public with the resentment of their Sovereign.

THAT this inquiry is made by a private person, and not by her Majesty's attorney-general; and that such notorious offenders have met only with an expostulation, instead of an indictment; will at once be an everlasting proof of the lenity of the government, and of the unprovoked and groundless barbarity of such a proceeding. Amid the pious intercessions of her Majesty's dutiful subjects at the throne of grace, for her health and recovery; that others of them should receive the news of her death with joy, and spread it with industry, will hardly appear probable to any, except to those who have been witnesses of such vile practices, not only in her Majesty's capital city, but in several other places in the kingdom; not only near Charing-cross, but at some marketcrosses that their passion on such an occasion should prove too unruly even for the caution demanded in the belief of news still uncertain, for the severity of the laws, and for the common decency that is due to the fall even of the greatest enemy: that not only those who were