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objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large upon the journals, and the house to which such bill shall be returned shall proceed to reconsider it; if, after such reconsideration a majority of the whole number elected to that house shall vote for the passage of such bill, it shall be sent, with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered; if approved by a majority of the whole number elected to that house, it shall become a law; but, in such cases, the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the members voting for or against the bill shall be entered upon the journals of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within five days, Sundays excepted, after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the General Assembly by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. And every order, vote or resolution to which the concurrence of both houses may be necessary (except questions of adjournment and of bringing on elections for the two houses, and of amending this Constitution) shall be presented to the Governor and before the same shall take effect be approved by him, or being disapproved, shall be repassed by both houses, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.

14. The Governor shall have power to disapprove of any item or items of any bill making appropriations of money, embracing distinct items, and the part, or parts, of the bill approved, shall be the law, and the item or items of appropriation disapproved shall be void, unless repassed according to the rules and limitations prescribed for the passage of other bills over the executive veto; and he shall, in writing state specifically the item or items he disapproves.

In case of the impeachment of the Governor, his removal from office, death, refusal to qualify, resignation, absence from the State, or other disability, the President of the Senate shall exercise all the power and authority appertaining to the office of Governor, until the time appointed for the election of Governor shall arrive, or until the Governor who is absent, or impeached, shall return or be acquitted, or other disability be removed; and if during such vacancy in the office of Governor, the President of the Senate shall be impeached, removed from

office, refuse to qualify, die, resign, be absent from the State, or be under any other disability, the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall, in like manner, administer the govern ment. If the Governor shall be absent from the State over twenty days, the Secretary of State shall notify the President of the Senate, who shall enter upon the duties of Governor; and if the Governor and President of the Senate shall both be absent from the State over twenty days, the Secretary of State shall notify the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and in such case he shall enter upon the discharge of the duties of Governor, until the return of the Governor or President of the Senate.

16. The President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives shall, during the time they respectively administer the government, receive the same compensation which the Governor would have received if he had been employed in the duties of his office: Provided, That if the General Assembly shall be in session during such absence, they, or either of them, shall receive no compensation as members of the General Assembly while acting as Governor.

17. No person shall, at one and the same time, hold the office of Governor of this State and any other office, civil or military, either under this State, the United States, or any other State or government, except as otherwise provided in this Constitution.

18. The Governor shall be commander-in-chief of the militia and volunteer forces of this State, except when they shall be called into the service of the United States, and he may call out the same to execute the laws, suppress insurrection, and repel invasion, but he need not command in person, unless directed to do so by a resolution of the General Assembly; and when acting in the service of the United States, he shall appoint his staff, and the General Assembly shall fix his rank.

19. No person shall be eligible to the office of Secretary of State, State Treasurer, State Auditor, or Attorney-General, unless he shall have been a citizen of the United States at least seven years, and shall have resided in this State at least five years next preceding his election, and shall be at least twentyfive years old when elected.

20. There shall be a great seal of the State, which shall be used officially by the Governor; and the seal now in use shall

continue to be used until another shall have been adopted by the General Assembly. The said seal shall be called the "Great Seal of the State of Alabama."

21. The Secretary of State shall be the custodian of the seal of the State, and shall authenticate therewith all official acts of the Governor, his approval of laws and resolutions excepted. He shall keep a register of the official acts of the Governor, and when necessary shall attest them, and lay copies of the same together with copies of all papers relative thereto, before either house of the General Assembly, whenever required to do so, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by law.

22. All grants and commissions shall be issued in the name and by the authority of the State of Alabama, sealed with the great seal, and signed by the Governor, and countersigned by the Secretary of State.

23. Should the office of Secretary of State, State Treasurer, State Auditor, Attorney-General, or Superintendent of Educa tion, become vacant, for any of the causes specified in section fifteen of this article, the Governor shall fill the vacancy, until the disability is removed, or a successor elected and qualified.

24. The State Treasurer, State Auditor, and Attorney-General shall perform such duties as may be prescribed by law. The State Treasurer and State Auditor shall, every year, at a time the General Assembly may fix, make a full and complete report to the Governor, showing all receipts and disbursements of revenue, of every character, all claims audited and paid-by the State, by items, and all taxes and revenue collected and paid into the treasury and from what sources; and they shall make reports oftener in any matter pertaining to their office, if required by the Governor, or the General Assembly.

25. The Sate Auditor, State Treasurer, and Secretary of State, shall not after the expiration of the terms of those now in office, receive to their use any fees, costs, perquisites of office, or compensation, other than their salaries as prescribed by law; and all fees that may be payable by law, for any service performed by either of such officers, shall be paid in advance into the State Treasury.

26. A Sheriff shall be elected in each county, by the qualified electors thereof, who shall hold his office for the term of four years, unless sooner removed, and shall be ineligible to such

office as his own successor: Provided, That Sheriffs elected on the first Monday in August, eighteen hundred and seventyseven, or at such other time as may be prescribed by law for the election in that year, shall hold their offices for the term of three years, and until their successors shall be elected and qualified. In the year 1880, at the general election for members to the General Assembly, Sheriffs shall be elected for four years, as herein provided. Vacancies in the office of Sheriff shall be filled by the Governor, as in other cases; and the person appointed shall continue in office until the next general election in the county for Sheriff, as provided by law.

ARTICLE VI.

Judicial Department.

1. The judicial power of the State shall be vested in the Senate, sitting as a court of impeachment, a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, Chancery Court, Courts of Probate, such inferior courts of law and equity, to consist of not more than five members, as the General Assembly may from time to time establish, and such persons as may be by law invested with powers of a judicial nature.

2. Except in cases otherwise directed in this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction only, which shall be co-extensive with the State, under such restrictions and regulations, not repugnant to this Constitution, as may be from time to time prescribed by law. Provided, That said court. shall have power to issue writs of injunction, habeas corpus, quo warranto, and such other remedial and original writs as may be necessary to give it a general superintendence and control of superior jurisdiction.

3. The Supreme Court shall be held at the seat of government, but if that shall have become dangerous from any cause it may adjourn to a different place.

4. The State shall be divided by the General Assembly into convenient circuits, not to exceed eight in number unless increased by a vote of two-thirds of the members of each house of the General Assembly, and no circuit shall contain less than three nor more than twelve counties; and for each circuit there shall be chosen a judge, who shall, for one year next preceding his election and during his continuance in office, reside in the circuit for which he is elected.

35. The people of this State accept as final the established fact, that from the Federal Union there can be no secession of any State.

36. Foreigners, who are or may hereafter become bona fide residents of this State shall enjoy the same rights in respect to the possession, enjoyment and inheritance of property, as native born citizens.

37. That the sole object and only legitimate end of government is to protect the citizen in the enjoyment of life, liberty and property, and when the government assumes other functions, it is usurpation and oppression.

38. No educational or property qualification for suffrage or office, nor any restraint upon the same on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude, shall be made by law.

39. That this enumeration of certain rights shall not impair or deny others retained by the people.

ARTICLE II.

State and County Boundaries.

1. The boundaries of this State are established and declared to be as follows; that is to say: Beginning at the point where the thirty-first degree of north latitude crosses the Perdido river, thence east to the western boundary line of the State of Georgia; thence along said line to the southern boundary line of the State of Tennessee; crossing the Tennessee river, and on the second intersection of said river by said line; thence up said river to the mouth of Big Bear creek; thence by a direct line to the northwest corner of Washington county, in this State, as originally formed; thence southerly along the line of the State of Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico; thence eastwardly, includ ing all islands within six leagues of the shore, to the Perdido river; thence up the said river to the beginning.

2. The boundaries of the several counties of this State, as heretofore established by law, are hereby ratified and confirmed. The General Assembly may, by a vote of two-thirds of both houses thereof, arrange and designate boundaries for the several counties of this State, which boundaries shall not be altered, except by a like vote; but no new counties shall be hereafter formed of less extent than six hundred square miles, and no existing county shall be reduced to less extent than six hundred square miles; and no new county shall be formed which does not contain a sufficient number of inhabitants to entitle it to

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