Sec. 8. No religious test or qualification shall ever be required of any person as a condition of admission into any public educational institution of this State, either as teacher or student; and no teacher or student of any such institution shall ever be required to attend, or participate in, any religious service whatever. No sectarian tenets or doctrines shall ever be taught in the public schools, nor shall any distinction or classifi cation of pupils be made on account of race or color.

Sec. 9. The Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Secretary of State and Attorney-General shall constitute the State Board of Land Commissioners, who shall have the direction, control and disposition of the public lands of the State, under such regulations as may be prescribed by law.

Sec. 10. It shall be the duty of the State Board of Land Commissioners to provide for the location, protection, sale or other disposition of all the lands heretofore or which may hereafter be granted to the State by the general government, under such regulations as may be prescribed by law; and in such manner as will secure the maximum possible amount therefor. No law shall ever be passed by the General Assembly granting any privileges to persons who may have settled upon any such public lands subsequent to the survey thereof by the general government, by which the amount to be derived by the sale, or other disposition of such lands, shall be diminished, directly or indirectly. The General Assembly shall, at the earliest practicable period, provide by law that the several grants of land made by Congress to the State shall be judiciously located and carefully preserved and held in trust subject to disposal, for the use and benefit of the respective objects for which said grants of land were made, and the General Assembly shall provide for the sale of said lands from time to time; and for the faithful application of the proceeds thereof in accordance with the terms of said grants.

Sec. 11. The General Assembly may require, by law, that every child of sufficient mental and physical ability, shall attend the public schools during the period between the ages of six and eighteen years, for a time equivalent to three years, unless educated by other means.

Sec. 12. There shall be elected by the qualified electors of the State, at the first general election under this Constitution,

six Regents of the University, who shall immediately after their election be so classified, by lot, that two shall hold their office for the term of two years, two for four years and two for six years; and every two years after the first election there shall be elected two Regents of the University, whose term of office. shall be six years. The Regents thus elected, and their successors, shall constitute a body corporate, to be known by the name and style of "The Regents of the University of Colorado." Sec. 13. The Regents of the University shall, at their first meeting, or as soon thereafter as practicable, elect a president of the university, who shall hold his office until removed by the Board of Regents for cause; he shall be ex officio a member of the Board, with the privilege of speaking, but not voting, except in cases of a tie, he shall preside at the meetings of the Board, and be the principal executive officer of the university, and a member of the faculty thereof.

Sec. 14. The Board of Regents shall have the general supervision of the university, and the exclusive control and direction. of all funds of, and appropriations to, the university.

Sec. 15. The General Assembly shall, by law, provide for organization of school districts of convenient size, in each of which shall be established a Board of Education, to consist of three or more directors, to be elected by the qualified electors of the district. Said directors shall have control of instruction in the public schools of their respective districts.

Sec. 16. Neither the General Assembly nor the State Board of Education shall have power to prescribe text books to be used in the public schools.

ARTICLE X.
Revenue.

Section 1. The fiscal year shall commence on the first day of October in each year, unless otherwise provided by law.

Sec. 2. The General Assembly shall provide by law for an annual tax sufficient, with other resources, to defray the esti mated expenses of the State government for each fiscal year.

Sec. 3. All taxes shall be uniform upon the same class of subjects within the territorial limits of the authority levying the tax, and shall be levied and collected under general laws, which shall prescribe such regulations as shall secure a just

valuation for taxation of all property, real or personal: Provided, That mines and mining claims bearing gold, silver, and other precious metals, (except the net proceeds and surface improvements thereof,) shall be exempt from taxation for the period of ten years from the date of the adoption of this Constitution, and thereafter may be taxed as provided by law. Ditches, canals, and flumes owned and used by individuals or corporations for irrigating lands owned by such individuals or corporations, or the individual members thereof, shall not be separately taxed, so long as they shall be owned and used exclusively for such purpose.

Sec. 4. The property, real or personal, of the State, counties, cities, towns and other municipal corporations, and public libraries, shall be exempt from taxation.

Sec. 5. Lots, with buildings thereon, if said buildings are used solely and exclusively for religious worship, for schools, or for strictly charitable purposes, also cemeteries not used or held for private or corporate profit, shall be exempt from taxation, unless otherwise provided by general law.

Sec. 6. All laws exempting from taxation property other than that hereinbefore mentioned, shall be void.

Sec. 7. The General Assembly shall not impose taxes for the purposes of any county, city, town or other municipal corporation, but may, by law, vest in the corporate authorities thereof respectively the power to assess and collect taxes for all purposes of such corporation.

Sec. 8. No county, city, town or other municipal corpora tion, the inhabitants thereof, nor the property therein, shall be released or discharged from their or its proportionate share of taxes to be levied for State purposes.

Sec. 9. The power to tax corporations and corporate property, real and personal, shall never be relinquished or suspended.

Sec. 10. All corporations in this State, or doing business therein, shall be subject to taxation for State, county, school, municipal or other purposes, on the real and personal property owned or used by them within the territorial limits of the authority levying the tax.

Sec. 11. The rate of taxation on property, for State purposes, shall never exceed six mills on each dollar of valuation;

and whenever the taxable property within the State shall amount to one hundred million dollars, the rate shall not exceed four mills on each dollar of valuation; and whenever the taxable property within the State shall amount to three hundred million dollars, the rate shall never thereafter exceed two mills on each dollar of valuation, unless a proposition to increase such rate, specifying the rate proposed, and the time during which the same shall be levied, be first submitted to a vote of such of the qualified electors of the State as in the year next preceding such election, shall have paid a property tax assessed to them within the State, and a majority of those voting thereon shall vote in favor thereof, in such manner as may be provided by law. Sec. 12. The Treasurer shall keep a separate account of each fund in his hands; and shall, at the end of each quarter of the fiscal year, report to the Governor in writing, under oath, the amount of all moneys in his hands to the credit of every such fund, and the place where the same are kept or deposited, and the number and amount of every warrant received, and the number and amount of every warrant paid therefrom during the quarter. Swearing falsely to any such report shall be deemed perjury. The Governor shall cause every such report to be immediately published in at least one newspaper printed at the seat of government, and otherwise as the General Assembly may require. The General Assembly may provide by law further regulations for the safe-keeping and management of the public funds in the hands of the Treasurer, but, notwithstanding any such regulation, the Treasurer and his sureties shall in all cases be held responsible therefor.

Sec. 13. The making of profit, directly or indirectly, out of State, county, city, town or school district money, or using the same for any purpose not authorized by law, by any public officer, shall be deemed a felony, and shall be punished as provided by law.

Sec. 14. Private property shall not be taken or sold for the payment of the corporate debt of municipal corporations.

Sec. 15. There shall be a State Board of Equalization, consisting of the Governor, State Auditor, State Treasurer, Secretary of State and Attorney-General; also, in each county of this State, a County Board of Equalization, consisting of the Board of County Commissioners of said county. The duty of the State

Board of Equalization shall be to adjust and equalize the valuation of real and personal property among the several counties of the State. The duty of the County Board of Equalization shall be to adjust and equalize the valuation of real and personal property within their respective counties. Each Board shall also perform such other duties as may be prescribed by law.

Sec. 16. No appropriation shall be made, nor any expenditure authorized by the General Assembly, whereby the expenditure of the State, during any fiscal year, shall exceed the total tax then provided for by law and applicable for such appropriation or expenditure, unless the General Assembly making such appropriation shall provide for levying a sufficient tax, not exceeding the rates allowed in section eleven of this article, to pay such appropriation or expenditure within such fiscal year. This provision shall not apply to appropriations or expenditures to suppress insurrection, defend the State, or assist in defending the United States in time of war.

ARTICLE XI.

Public Indebtedness.

Section 1. Neither the State, nor any county, city, town, township or school district, shall lend or pledge the credit or faith thereof, directly or indirectly, in any manner to, or in aid of, any person, company or corporation, public or private, for any amount or for any purpose whatever, or become responsible for any debt, contract or liability of any person, company or corporation, public or private, in or out of the State.

Sec. 2. Neither the State nor any county, city, town, township or school district shall make any donation or grant to, or in aid of, or become a subscriber to, or shareholder in, any corporation or company, or a joint owner with any person, company or corporation, public or private, in or out of the State, except as to such ownership as may accrue to the State by escheat, or by forfeiture, by operation or provision of law; and except as to such ownership as may accrue to the State, or to any county, city, town, township or school district, or to either or any of them, jointly with any person, company or corporation, by forfeiture or sale of real estate for non-payment of taxes, or by donation or devise for public use, or by purchase by or on behalf of