A History of Education in Pennsylvania, Private and Public, Elementary and Higher

Penn prepares to take possession of his Province. Markham, Deputy Governor. Penn's
arrival in Persylvania. The "Great Law." Public education provided for. Law
making education compulsory. This Law enforced. The Provincial authorities estab.
lish a school. Enoch Flower. Penn, 1689, directs the establishment of a Public
Grammar School. Markham charters the Friends' Public School. Early masters.

Petition for act of Incorporation. The Charters. Penn's Charter of 1711. Sketch of

the William Penn Charter School. A system of schools rather than a single institu-

tion the design of its founders. Thomas Budd's views on a system of education.

Laws relating to education enacted. Education neglected. Reasons. Pennsylvania

the battle-ground of discordant ideas. Heterogeneous elements must have time to mix.

The conflict between peace principles and war principles. A great State in process of

parturition.
37-57

CHAPTER IV.

THE COLONIAL PERIOD, 1682 TO 1776.

EDUCATION PARTIALLY PUBLIC. "THE ACADEMY AND CHARITABLE SCHOOL OF THE

PROVINCE OF PENNSYLVANIA," SUBSEQUENTLY THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.

"THE SOCIETY FOR THE PROPAGATION OF CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE AMONG THE

GERMANS IN AMERICA."
THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF THE CONNECTICUT SETTLERS

IN WYOMING.

The aims of the founders of the Academy. Franklin's "Education of Youth." The

Whitefield building occupied. The Academy becomes a College. Indian students.

Labors of Dr. William Smith, the Prevost. American troops in the College buildings.

The authorities of the College accused of disloyalty and the charter annulled. The

Universty of Pennsylvania incorporated. The charter restored to the College. The

two institutions united. The project of providing a system of education for the Ger

mans in America. Rev. Michael Schlatter. Dr. William Smith's labors in England

in behalf of such a system. The Society for propagating Christian knowledge among

the Germans in America organized at London. Trustees appointed in Pennsylvania.

Schlatter, Superintendent of Schools. Schools established in divers places. Local

trustees. Reports of success. Opposition to the scheme. Christopher Sower and his

newspaper. The Friends stand aloof. Dr. Smith Superintendent. The scheme

abandoned. The public schools of Wyoming Valley. Provision made for establish-

ing them as early as 1768. Three shares in each township set apart for school and

church purposes. School meetings. Influence on subsequent State school legislation.

Timothy Pickering, of Luzerne, in the Constitutional Convention of 1790. 58-77

CHAPTER V.

PRIVATE EDUCATION IN EARLY DAYS.

THE CHURCH IN THE WORK OF EDUCATION. SWEDES. FRIENDS. EPISCOPALIANS.

The State neglects education; the church makes provision for it. The Swedes after the

Revolutionary War. Their schools and teachers. The attempt to maintain separate

schools abandoned. The Friends. Christopher Taylor's school on Tinicum island.

Early Friends' schools in Delaware county, Germantown, Bucks and Montgomery

counties. The Yearly Meeting on Education. Its oft-repeated appeals. Outline of

the educational policy of Friends. Increased interest in the subject. Schools estab-

lished in Philadelphia and the counties of Bucks, Montgomery, Delaware, Chester,

Berks, Lancaster, York. Schools of an advanced grade. Westtown Boarding School.

Westtown as a school for teachers. Schools endowed by Friends. The first Episco-

palians in Pennsylvania. Their hopes of a State church and with it schools under

church control. The school connected with Christ church, Philadelphia. The Trinity

Church school. The school at St. Paul's church, Chester. Other early schools.

Episcopalians as teachers and as friends of education. The Protestant Episcopal

Academy at Philadelphia and the Academy at York.

78-99

CHAPTER VI.

PRIVATE EDUCATION IN EARLY DAYS.

THE CHURCH IN THE WORK OF EDUCATION. BAPTISTS. PRESBYTERIANS.

CATHOLICS. METHODISTS.

The first Baptist settlers in Pennsylvania. Philadelphia Baptist Association. The oldest

Baptist churches. Schools in connection with them. Hopewell Academy, New Jersey,

supported by Pennsylvania Baptists. Pennsylvania Baptists take first steps towards

founding Brown University, Rhode Island. Classical school at Lower Dublin.

Lower Dublin Academy. Columbia College, Washington, D. C., started in Philadel

phia. The Presbyterian church and education in Scotland. The parish schools.

Scotch-Irish settlers in Pennsylvania. They establish churches and schools. Early

Presbyterian schools in Philadelphia and in Bucks, Delaware, Chester, Lancaster,

Northampton, Dauphin, York, Cumberland, Franklin, and other counties. A teacher

and his pupils murdered by Indians in Franklin county. The Presbyterians unite

with their neighbors in establishing common schools. The Presbyterians and higher

education. Tennent's old "Log College" in Bucks county. Similar schools in

Chester, Lancaster, Franklin, Adams and Washington. The policy of the Catholic

Church in relation to education. School in connection with St. Joseph's church, Phila-

delphia. Other schools in Philadelphia. Early Catholic school at Goshenhoppen, Berks

county. Catholic schools in Adams. Catholic schools in Westmoreland and Cam-

bria. The Methodist church and elementary schools. The children of Methodists

at the neighborhood and public schools. The Methodists support public schools. The

Methodist Church warmly in favor of education. Large sums raised in its support.

Broad policy adopted by the General Conference. Methodist Colleges and Seminar-

ies. Early Methodists in favor of industrial education.

CHAPTER VII.

PRIVATE EDUCATION IN EARLY DAYS.

THE CHURCH IN THE WORK OF EDUCATION.

THE GERMAN SETTLERS.

THE REFORMED AND LUTHERAN CHURCHES.

100-121

Penn and other Friends in Germany. Character of the German immigrants to Penn-
sylvania. Alarm created by their numbers. The Reformed and Lutheran churches
accustomed to provide instruction for the young in the Fatherland. The relation of
church and school. The schoolmaster. The first German schools in Pennsylvania.
Why so few. John Philip Boehm, George Michael Weiss, George Stiefel, John Peter
Miller, John Bechtel, John Jacob Hock, and Daniel Schroeder as preachers and
schoolmasters. Conrad Weiser, a schoolmaster. Schools at Tulpehocken, Oley,
Kreutz Creek, Long Swamp, Moselem, New Providence, Swamp church, Lehigh
county, and the Reformed church, Philadelphia. The backward state of education.
Daniel Weisiger sent to Europe by the Lutherans to procure aid for churches and
schools. Henry Melchoir Muhlenberg comes to Pennsylvania. The University at
Halle and Dr. Francke. Muhlenberg as preacher and teacher. His assistants, Brun-
holtz, Schaum, and Kurtz. Schlatter's labors. Teachers brought from Germany.
Schools multiply. Schools in connection with the Reformed and Lutheran churches
in Philadelphia. Schools in Germantown and in the counties of Lancaster, Bucks,
Montgomery, Berks, Lehigh, Northampton, Lebanon, York, Somerset, Perry, Centre
and Union. Old contracts with teachers, and rules for the management of schools.
Academy at Germantown. Kunze's German Seminary. German private schools in

Philadelphia. German influence in the College of Philadelphia. German Society of

Pennsylvania in relation to education. Franklin College at Lancaster established for

the Germans.

CHAPTER VIII.

PRIVATE EDUCATION IN EARLY DAYS.

THE CHURCH IN THE WORK OF EDUCATION. MORAVIANS.

GERMAN

122-147

PLAIN, NON-RESISTANT

DENOMINATIONS: MENNONITES, AMISH, SCHWENCKFELDERS, DUNKERS,

SEVENTH-DAY BAPTISTS, ECONOMITES OR SEPARATISTS.

town.

Early history of the Moravian Brethren. Their interest in Education. Comenius. Per-

secutions. Count Zinzendorf. The Moravians in Georgia. They come to Pennsyl

vania. They engage to construct a building for Whitefield's Negro School at Naza-

reth, purchase it from him, and settle in the neighborhood. The Moravian "Econ-

omy."

Boarding Schools. Schools at Germantown, Nazareth, Bethlehem. Acre-

lius on Moravian schools. Schools at Oley, Emmaus, Lancaster, Litiz, etc.

attend the Moravian schools. Nazareth Hall. Seminary at Bethlehem. Linden

Indians

Hall at Litiz. John Beck and his school for boys. Origin of the plain, non-resistant
German denominations who settled in Pennsylvania. An outline of their faith. Their
persecution. Learned men among them. As a body they favor elementary educa-
tion. Why opposed to higher education. The Mennonites. Settlement at German-
Send for books for their children. Schools at Germantown and Skippack.
Christopher Dock. Schools in Montgomery and Lehigh. Swiss Mennonites in Lan-
caster. Schools in Lancaster and surrounding counties. Amish.
among them. Schwenckfelders. Their origin. Gaspar de Schwenckfeldt. Books
Home education
in Latin common among the early Schwenckfelders. Books transcribed.
School established. Sunday schools. Dunkers. Their origin. Learning among the
A Hig!
early Dunker settlers. Christopher Sower, the father. Christopher Sower, the son.
The latter's views on education. Dunkers prominent in founding Germantown Acad.
emy. Opposition to higher education. A change in this respect. Seventh-Day Bap
tists. Conrad Beissel. Ephrata. The printing office. The school. Ludwig Höcker.
Höcker's text-books. The Sunday-school at Ephrata. Separatists. George Rupp
Economy and its school and museum.
148-177

CHAPTER IX.

SCHOOLS OF OUR FOREFATHERS.

NEIGHBORHOOD SCHOOLS. THE TRANSITION FROM CHURCH TO FREE SCHOOLS.

NEIGHBORHOOD SCHOOLS INTERMEDIATE.

tricts.

The origin of neighborhood schools. Church schools impracticable in thinly-settled dis-

Few church schools in Western Pennsylvania. A union in school interests

follows a union in other respects. Multiplication of neighborhood schools after the

Revolutionary War. Their numbers. McMaster mistaken.

movement. Character of the early neighborhood schools. Doors open to poor chil-

Significance of the

dren without pay. How such schools were established. A schoolhouse built in a

day. Leaders in school matters. Jacob Ake. Neighborhood schools in Delaware,

Lancaster, Cumberland, Carbon, McKean, Centre, Washington, Susquehanna. The

reports of County Superintendents quoted.

Northern tier of counties provided themselves with schools.

How the New England settlers in the

and Regulations." Higher branches sometimes taught. An example of an agree
An example of "Rules
ment between trustees and teacher.

178-186

CHAPTER X.

SCHOOLS OF OUR FOREFATHERS.

SCHOOLHOUSES AND SCHOOL FURNITURE.

BRANCHES TAUGHT. TEXT-BOOKS AND

APPARATUS. METHODS AND DISCIPLINE.

Early schoolhouses in the counties of Chester, Franklin, Clearfield, Clarion, Mercer, Erie,

Huntingdon, Centre, Indiana, Washington, Allegheny, etc. Reading about the only

ranch taught in the earliest schools. The catechism as a branch of instruction. The

early primers as much church as school books. The Psalter and Bible as readers.

Writing introduced into schools. Girls not allowed to learn to write. Paper, ink,

and pens in early times. Arithmetic taught without books. When Geography and

Grammar were introduced as branches of instruction. Primers brought from Europe

by the early settlers. The Hornbook. George Fox's Primer. Anthony Benezet's

Primer and Spelling Book. The New England Primer. Other Primers, English and

German. Dilworth's Spelling Book. Webster's Spelling Book. Murray's and

Comly's Spelling Books. Other Spelling Books. Readers. Dilworth's, Gough's

Jess' and Daboll's Arithmetics. More modern Arithmetics. German Arithmetics.

The whole circle of sciences in a single book. Early Geographies. Grammars pub-

lished in England brought to Pennsylvania. Early American Grammars. Want of

classification in the early schools. Memory overworked. How the alphabet was

taught. "Spelling on the book." "Spelling off the book.” Beginners in reading.

Writing in the old schools. Arithmetic taught without books. "Cyphering books."

No classes in Arithmetic. Needle-work for girls. Good manners in the old schools.

Religious instruction. Severity of the discipline. Rods. Long lists of rules. Tricks

on schoolmasters. Punishments. Harshness of the times some excuse for severe dis-

cipline in school. The advantage of individual instruction.

CHAPTER XI.

SCHOOLS OF OUR FOREFATHERS.

REPRESENTATIVE SCHOOLMASTERS.

DR. RUSH'S.

EARLY VIEWS OF EDUCATION,

CHRISTOPHER SOWER'S.

187-209

FRANKLIN'S.

Distinguished men who

Few schoolmistresses employed. Classes of schoolmasters.

began their career as schoolmasters. Poor inducement to make teaching a business

for life. Rowland Jones. David James Dove. John Todd. Anthony Benezet,

John Downey, Walter R. Johnson, Dr. John M. Keagy, Ludwig Höcker, Christopher

Dock, Andrew McMinn, Thomas Neill, Baron Stiegel, Andrew Forsythe, Mrs. Mary

Paxon, Miss Eliza Finch, Patrick Doyle, Robert Williams. Dr. Franklin's "Sketch

of an English School." Dr. Rush's "Plan for Establishing Public Schools," "Mode

of Education proper in a Republic" and "Branches of Literature Most Essential for

a young lady in this Country." Christopher Sower's "Remarks on the Education of

Youth."
210-237

CHAPTER XII.

RACE EDUCATION.

EARLY EFFORTS TO EDUCATE THE INDIANS. SCHOOLS FOR NEGROES.

The Jesuit Fathers and the Indians. The Labors of John Eliot. What was done by
the Swedes. Penn's treatment of the Indians. The efforts of the Friends to instruct
and civilize them. Thomas Watson's Indian school. Corn Planter places Indian

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