22 ECCLESIASTICAL PLACEMEN. it is easy to reflect, as follows: that is to fay, if all this whole army of primates, archbishops, and bishops, fo amply endowed, as they are, and enjoying fo advantageous a fettlement, under the fmiles of majesty itself, at the very foot of the throne (by whom they are fo gracioufly indulged, and clothed with all their fpiritual and civil authority;) if this great number of most reverend and right reverend prelates, with all thefe many and great advantages about them, are found capable of doing" Nothing at all," for the farther promotion of primitive chriftianity, and the interefts of literature, knowledge, and religion, natural and revealed, fpeculative and prac. tical; in Ireland, in Wales, and in England-What is to be expected from one poor folitary of an American bishop? or even from two or three?" Confilering, too, the prefent moft lamentable ragged ftate of religious affairs among the Americans; as reprefented in the authentic accounts of the miffionaries there; and as faithfully tranfcribed from them in the anniversary propagation---of---the --Gofpel Sermons?"This latter part of the reprefentation is to be confidered as argumentum ad hominem. If all the combined powers of epifcopacy, thus united, and concentring, as it were, in one common focal point, can do "nothing at all," for the farther carrying on of the interefts of primitive christianity, and the reformation here at home: Which on the contrary, are daily declining among us by the increase of deifm and popery, not to mention immorality and prophaneness---what is to be expected from the transportation of epifcopacy abroad into America? The above expreffion of the incapacity of bishops, in the fervice of vital religion, and primitive chriftianity, however it may found, in the narrow ears of a set of unthinking, bigotted, or interested, men, is the language which has been held, more or lefs, by all the confcientious archbishops and bishops of all national churches, fince the taking place of the union of ftate and church, from Conftantine down to this very day. And this was the language, which the late Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Jan. Thomas Secker, held [conftantly held] on all occafions, when he was urged, at any time, as he fometimes was (by his quondam colleague, the reverend Dr. Samuel Chandler, in particular) to exert himself in the interefts of vital and practical religion, in oppofition to a mere lifelefs formulary, and rubrical piety: And, particularly, in carrying on the interests of the reformation from popery ftill fartherHe could, he said, do nothing!—And nobody, who knows any thing of the prefent ftate of affairs, in the national-chriftian world, is to feek for the reafon of this incapacity: When he confiders the strict alliance found subfifting, at prefent, between our national-ftate and our national-church: Of which fome men are, nevertheless, found fo ignorantly, or so treacheroufly, be-boafting themselves. Since, when men, who have no religion themfelves (and fuch, to fay no worse of them, are most of the civil governors of this world) come to have the direction of church affairs, and the fettlement of the doctrines, conftitution, worship, and difcipline, of the chriftian church, it is very easy to fee, "What fort of a religion, and what fort of churches they will fet-up in the world." Their kingdom is of this world, and fuch, confequently will be their religion, and their churches. Nor will they employ, either in state or church, any minifters, civil or ecclefiaftical, but what are, in some competent meafure, of their own complexion, fince, as one of our Englith kings declared: "While he made judges and bishops, he would have what law, and what religion, he pleafed." A declaration, which (though not fo explicitly and fo publicly made, indeed, by any other of our kings, in words) we fee, however, but too fully exemplified, every day, in the spirit of it, both in the state, and in the church. In a word (to confine ourselves more immediately to the affair in view) bishops and archbishops are to be confidered as no other, than fo many ecclefiaftical, or fpiritual, placemen And, therefore, like their civil colleagues, in the other counter-department of government, the state * But, 1769. Important East-India Affairs. But, that we be not farther tedious, we break off here, however abruptly, fubfcribing ourselves advocates for pure, primitive, chriftianity; and (as one branch of it) for primitive, church, epifcopacy; in oppofition to modern, fate, epifcopacy. P. S. When it is confidered, how many great and good men there have been, who, firft, Would not accept of the epifcopate in a national church; and, again, how many perfonages, of the above character, have refigned their bishopricks— -how are these phænomena to be more rationally accounted for, than by the hypothefis above advanced?To give but a couple of inftances, as inftar omnium, in the hiftory of the epifcopal communion of our own island: The reverend Dr. Samuel Clarke, rector of St. James's, Weftminster, may ferve as an example, under the former part of this confideration; as the most reverend Dr. Robert Leighton, archbishop of Glasgow, will afford an inftance, under the latter part of the reflection t. From the Public Advertiser. IMPORTANT EAST INDIA AFFAIRS. HE following propofals, made by the East India company to the lords of the treasury, and their lordships anfwer thereto, have been tranfmitted to us by one of our correfpondents, who took them down in fhort-hand whilst the clerk of the company was reading them to the proprietors, at the Eaft India court on Dec. 28; and as they were ordered to be read a fecond time, he had an opportunity of correcting fome few mistakes he had made: upon the whole, he fays, we may venture to give them to the pubfic as being nearly accurate copies. Propofitions from the Court of Directors for an Agreement with the Public: And the Board of Treasury's Anfwer thereto. NUMBER "Th I. to continue 400,000l. a year the public for five years. 2. The company to be at liberty to increase their dividend to twelve 23 one-half per cent, during the said term, but not to exceed one per cent. in any one year. A. My lords would not have. thought themselves juftified in confenting to recommend the first and fecond articles of the directors propofals to the confideration of parliament, if any fum lets than 400,0col. per annum had been offered to be paid to the public during the term of the agreement, or if the liberty to increase their dividend to twelve one-half per cent. had not been proposed to be fo regulated and restricted, as that this increase fhould not exceed one per cent. in any one year. 3. To prolong the charter five years. 4. The public to receive, or allow in payment, what may be due to the company for the expences incurred by them in the reduction of Manilla. 5. The company to be empowered to raife 500,000l. on bond. A. My lords are of opinion, that the matters contained in the 3d, 4th and 5th articles are fo totally feparate and diftinct from the confideration of the territorial acquifitions lately obtained in India, that their lordships cannot approve of their being mixed with, or making any part of, a propofal to be offered to parliament for a further agreement acquifitions and revenues; but my lords are neverthelefs willing to direct, that the demand of the 4th article be inquired into and liquidated, in order that if, upon enquiry, it fhall appear the company have any juft claim on the pub. lic, they may receive fatisfaction on that account. 6. Whatever furplus fhall remain after the difcharge of the company's fimple contract debts bearing intereft, and the reduction of their bond debt, to the fum that fhall be due from the public to the company, faid furplus fhall be lent to the public at two per cent. per annum. A. My lords approve of the general plan of the 6th article, but do not think themselves fufficiently informed to give a full and compleat opinion on the terms of this propofition, till the court of directors fhall have laid before their lordships the amount of the timple contract debts of the company bearing intereft, and of the ex • See Bifbop Hoadly's account of Dr. Clarke; prefixed to his works. cefs ↑ See Bifbop Burner's account of Abp. Leighton; found in his Hiftory of his own Time. 24 PROPOSITIONS FROM cefs of their bonds, above what is due from the public to the company. 7. In cafe of a war in Europe, if the company fhall be obliged to lower their dividends, the public to abate in proportion from the fum of 400,000l. above offered. A. My lords, fee no objection to the 7th article. My lords are further of opinion, that in cafe there is an agreement between the public and the company, the company ought to be obliged by exprefs covenant to export every year, during the continuance of fuch agreement, goods and merchandize of the growth or manufacture of Great Britain of the like value, and of the like amount, as hall appear to have been exported annually on an average of five years preceding fuch agreement. NUMBER II. Propofitions from the Court of Directors of the East India Company for an Agreement with the Public on the following Terms. TH I. THAT from the net annual profits of the company's trade there thall be deducted, for the benefit of the company, fix per cent. on their capital (which was the dividend to the proprietors before they had pofleflion of the Dewannee) and the remainder hall be equally divided between the public and the company. II. That the faid net profits fhall be afcertained as follows: [By an account ftated by the company's accountant of the net profit of the company's trade for the year 1768, it appears, £. per cent. That the freight due for one year on the company's grofs fales is That the interest on bonds, more than what is due from the public That what is due to private trade proprietors for goods belonging to them, included in the company's fales, is That the discount is 3 6 And in lieu of Warehoufe rent, falaries, and all other charges 5 Jan. And in cafe of a war in Europe, thefe charges to be 32 per cent. The form, therefore, of making up the account will be as follows: There fhall every year be taken an account of the company's grofs fales for one year, ending the 1ft of March, to which fhall be added fuch fums as may be paid into the company's treafury in England for bills drawn on the prefidencies in India and China. And from the faid account shall be deducted the expences on the faid fales, confifting of the following articles: What fhall be due for bills drawn upon the company in England for the like value paid into their treasuries in India and China. The amount of all goods and bullion exported. What fhall be due to government for indemnity on tea. And in lieu of freight, and all other charges whatever, twenty-feven onehalf per cent. and in cafe of a war thirty-two per cent. as before stated. The remainder, after thefe deductions, fhall be deemed the net annual profit of the company's trade.] III. That the faid profits fhall be, exclufive of bullion, imported to Europe from India during the term of five years, which the company agree fhall be equally divided between them and the public. IV. That the company fhall not be restrained from dividing eleven per cent. on their capital at Midfummer 1769, and when their fimple contract debts bearing intereft are discharged, they may divide twelve one-half per cent. for the remainder of the ve years, the time of this agreement. V. That the company's proportion 45-100 beyond the dividend of twelve onehalf per cent. mentioned in the preceding articles, fhall be applied to re40-100 ducing the bond debt to what is due from the public to the company: And if in the courfe of the faid five years the fame debt fhall be discharged, and a furplus remain, fuch furplus fhall be lent to the public at two per cent. 221100 VI. That the company's capital be increased 400,000l. each proprietor of 8ool. ftock to have 100l. additional stock at 250 per cent. VII. That the company's charter be 27 57-100 prolonged fourteen years beyond the prefent 1769 The Eaft-India Directors. prefent term, for which they agree to pay the fum of 500,000l. in the courfe of the year 1769. VIII. And that the company be empowered to borrow on bond 400,cool. Though hefe two propofitions were offered to the lords of the treafury for them to make choice of the one that fhould appear beft calculated to comprehend the mutual advantage of the public and the company, yet it is natural to fuppofe that No. II. has been rejected, as there has been no notice taken of it by their lordships. After the propofals were read, the chairman informed the proprietors, that the court of directors had on the preceding day taken into confideration the answer they had received from the treasury board, and had come to the following refolution : At a Court of Directors held on Tuefday the 20th of December, 1768, Refolved, THAT it be recommended to the court of proprietors to concur with the propofitions from the board of treasury, as contained in the 1st, 24, 6th and 7th articles of the directors propofitions; but that a further reprefentation be made, fetting forth the neceffity for a prolongation of the charter for five years, and of a power being given to borrow 500,000l. on bond, in cafe the exigency of the company's affairs fhould require it; and that it be further reprefented, that the company have no intention of leffening the value of their exports, yet nevertheless cannot confent to lay themselves under covenant to do that which muft depend upon the ftate of the markets abroad, there being already a specific claufe in the charter relative to the exports. After which a debate enfued, which lafted until past five o'clock, when it appeared to be the fenfe of a great majority of the proprietors who fpoke, that the propofition (even though every article of it had been agreed to by the lords of the treasury) had not been formed upon a plan suitable to the interefts of the company. They feemed to be all unanimous in thinking that a fhare, and a liberal one too, fhould be allotted to the public from thefe foreign revenues; but that if the money is to be paid in England, Jan. 1769. 25 the public fhould not be fecured in a fixed determinate fum, whilst the proprietors were left to all the contingencies incident to an Indian war, befides thofe of commerce, in bringing home the returns of their merchan dize, and the produce of their foreign revenues. It also appeared that the directors had been by no means unanimous in the above refolution of their court; fome of them gave very forcible reafons for their diffent; whilst others, with equal confidence, (and one of them with fome vehemence) fupported their opinions in having agreed to it; yet it was evident they had been led to make thefe offers, rather from a perfuafion that they could not obtain better terms from the prefent ministry, than from a conviction that they were confiftent with the intereft of the company, or even fuch as in their own opinion the company had a title to ask, and would have obtained, if they had not concluded fuch an abfurd bargain two years ago. Upon the whole, the debate was carried on with great moderation and good order, and, what is rather remarkable in Leadenhall street meetings, with lefs animofity and acrimony without than within the bar. Extract from Dr. Franklin's Experiments and Obfervations on Electricity, &c. Na letter to a lady, the doctor. IN among other fubjects, treats of the different degrees of heat imbibed from the fun's rays by cloths of different colours, as follows: "First let me mention an experiment you may easily make yourself. Walk but a quarter of an hour in your garden when the fun fhines, with a part of your drefs white, and a part black; then apply your hand to them alternately, and you will find a very great difference in their warmth. The black will be quite hot to the touch, the white still cool. Another. Try to fire paper with a burning glafs. If it is white, you will not eafily burn it :-But if you bring the focus to a black fpot, or upon letters, written or printed, the paper will immediately be on fire under the letters. Thus fullers and dyers find black cloths, of equal thickness with white Ꭰ ones, 26 THOUGHTS ON ones, and hung out equally wet, dry in the fun much fooner than the white, being more readily heated by the fun's rays. It is the fame before a fire; the heat of which sooner penetrates black ftockings than white ones, and fo is. apt fooner to burn a man's fhins. Alfo beer much fooner warms in a black mug than in a white one, or in a bright filver tankard. Jan. frofts, or forward its growth ---With Some Thoughts on the Education of I have heard of your painting too, well enough; God has given you one face, and you make your felves another; you jig, you My experiment was this. I took a amble, and you lifp, and nickname God's number of little square pieces of broad creatures, and make your wantonness cloth from a taylor's pattern card, of your ignorance; go to, I'll no more on`t ; various colours. There were black, it hath made me mad. deep blue, lighter blue, green, purple, Hamlet to Ophelia, red, yellow, white, and other colours, SHAKESP. Ham. A&t ii. Sc. 2. or thades of colours. I laid them all were calculated on purHE education of daughters seems out upon the fnow in a bright funshiny morning. In a few hours (I cannot now be exact as to the time) the black being warmed moft by the fun, was fo low as to be below the ftroke of the fun's rays; the dark blue almost as low, the lighter blue not quite fo much as the dark, the other colours lefs as they were lighter; and the quite white remained on the furface of the fnow, not having entered it at all. What fignifies philofophy that does not apply to fome ufe ?--May we not learn from hence, that black cloths are not fo fit to wear in a hot funny climate, or season, as white ones; becaufe, in fuch cloths the body is more heated by the fun when we walk abroad, and are at the fame time heated by the exercife, which double heat is apt to bring on putrid dangerous fevers? That foldiers and fea-men, who muft march and labour in the fun, fhould, in the Eaft or West Indies, have an uniform of white? That fummer hats for men or women fhould be white, as repelling that heat which gives head-achs to many, and to fome the fatal ftroke that the French call the coup de foleil? That the ladies fummer hats, however, fhould be lined with black, as not reverberating on their faces thofe rays which are reflected upwards from the earth or water? That the putting a white cap of paper, or linen, within the crown of a black hat, as fome do, will not keep out the heat, though it would if placed without? That fruit walls being blacked may receive fo much heat from the fun in the day-time, as to continue warm, in fome degree, through the night, and thereby preferve the fruit from 4 as pofe to awaken all the heart; at the time that it deprives them of the counter-balance, the strength of the head; for as foon as they return from nurfe, before they are capable of forming one fingle notion of any thing in life, they are delivered to the hands of the dancing mafter, and, with collars round their necks, taught a fantaftical gravity of behaviour, and forced to a particular way of holding their heads. That which glitters in the eye, trikes the fancy, and charms the imagination, is reprefented to them as the most important object of their contemplation and learning: The attainment of a fine air, a graceful motion, an elegant fancy in drefs, a knowledge of the fashionable compliments and civilities, and receiving and paying vi fits, with more accomplishments of the like importance, are recommended to them as their highest advancement, and the fole end and defign of all their attainments. Thus their fancies are engaged to turn all their endeavours to the ornament of their perfons, as what muft determine their good and ill in this life; and they naturally conclude, that if they are tall enough, they are wife enough for any thing, for which their education makes them think they are defigned: To make them agreeable in their perfons, is the main purposes of their parents; to this are all their cofts, to this all their cares directed. We do not hereby mean, that the accomplishments of a young lady's perfon fhould be entirely neglected, but only, |