failure of the Chevalier St George in the campaign of 1715, the rebellion of 1745, thirty years afterwards, was a consequence of the secret disaffection of the Highlanders, and the same was encouraged and strengthened by private instigations and faithful promises of support from allies abroad.*

Such was the state of matters when Prince Charles Edward Stuart was instigated alike by his own ambition and by the promised support of faithful partisans to renew the insurrection, to gain, as he undoubtedly supposed, the victory, and thereby to succeed to the crown of Britain. Of the Prince's career to obtain the object he had in view various particulars have already been given in these articles-such as his leaving France, his arrival in the frigate Doutelle at the island of Eriskay, in the Hebrides, his raising his standard at Glenfinnan, and his bold advances through Scotland to England, causing great alarm to the reigning sovereign. Allusions have been made to the battles which he fought-such as those at Preston, Falkirk, and last of all at the (to him) fatal field of Culloden. Minute particulars have been detailed as to the flight of his Royal Highness from the bloody moor of Culloden, through glen and dale, to Lochnanuagh, near where he first landed in Scotland. From Lochnanuagh he and his companions sailed in an open boat, amid storm and hurricane, thunder and lightning, across the Minch, until they fortunately, but unexpectedly, arrived at the island of Benbecula, South Uist, on the 27th of April. It was then deemed prudent that his Royal Highness should conceal himself in a cave at Corrodale, which was about ten miles from Ormiclade, the residence of Clanranold.+

The Rebellion of 1745 had now arrived at an eventful crisis. On the 16th day of April 1746, the two armies of the Duke of Cumberland and Prince Charles Edward Stuart met in bloody conflict on Drummossie Moor, near Culloden, where the fate of the Prince was doomed, and where the Royal forces gained the day. The struggle was fierce and desperate! The poor Highlanders who fought so bravely had to contend against a vast, well-trained army, possessing an excess of disciplined soldiers, and arrayed on a battlefield suitable for their artillery and cavalry, but disastrous to the success of the heterogeneous partisans of the very unfortunate Prince Charles Edward Stuart.

Within the compass of a few months an adventure came to a termination, which had but few parallels, if any, in the annals of history. When the expedition thus ended is viewed in its varied features and in the determination and boldness which it manifested in its several details, it may be considered to rank high amid the achievements of ancient and modern times. The interests at stake were highly important, not only to the Royal adventurer himself, but likewise to the different clans and septs that so imprudently espoused his cause. What could be more hazardous than to rush with precipitation beyond the middle of England, and to traverse a hostile country to the very confines of the English Capital? As the talented Chambers has expressed it so well, "the expedition was done in face of the two armies, each capable of utterly annihilating it; and the weather was such as to add a thousand personal miseries to the general evils of the campaign. A magnanimity was preserved even in

Vide Stewart's Sketches of the Highlanders; Brown's Clans of Scotland; Chambers's Rebellion; Home's Works; Jacobite Memoirs; Culloden Papers, &c. + Vide Celtic Magazine. No. 50, pp. 52.57.

retreat, beyond that of ordinary soldiers, and instead of flying in wild disorder, a prey to their pursuers, these desultory bands had turned against and smitten the superior army of their enemy with a rigour which effectually checked it. They had carried the standard of Glenfinnan a hundred and fifty miles into a country full of foes, and now they brought it back unscathed through the accumulated dangers of storm and war.'

While the clans and country gentlemen-chieftains and their vassals -Dukes and Lords-and all ranks and classes in the Highlands and Lowlands, and over Scotland at large, viewed the adventure with the deepest anxiety, Miss Flora Macdonald experienced her own share of the general calamity. Personally she adhered to the loyal principles and feelings of her chief, Sir Alexander Macdonald, as well as of Old Clanranold and his brother Boisdale. On the other hand, her amiable disposition in a sense compelled her to sympathise with the unfortunate Prince under all his hardships and sufferings. She kept up a close correspondence with friends and acquaintances in Edinburgh and elsewhere, and thereby became well informed as to the various movements of that distinguished personage, whose life she was destined, under Providence, thereafter to preserve.

The family at Ormiclade, with whom Flora principally resided, were grievously perplexed at the aspect of existing events. Old Clanranold was night and day in deep distress, on account of the part which his son had taken in embracing the Royal adventurer's cause, so directly in opposition to the aged chieftain's will, and Lady Clanranold was nothing less so, but Flora, with her natural vivacity and geniality of temper, mightily soothed them under their grief. She assured them that they would be spared to see that all would end well. In due time the result

of the battle of Culloden became known in the Long Island, and it created a mixed feeling in the minds of the chief men of the place. To some the intelligence afforded no ordinary pleasure, while to others it created unbounded terror, under the dread that the ruling and successful dynasty might inflict vengeance and even the penalty of death on the parties who had embraced the adventurer's cause. Such was the state of matters when the Prince's last ray of hope was blasted for ever on the bloody field of Culloden.

By this time some of the movements of the Prince became known to the officials of Government, and immediate steps were taken for his arrest, dead or alive. The intelligence of his arrival in the island created an inconceivable commotion all over the place. By this time it became well known that "rebel hunting," as Cumberland and his lawless soldiery called it, was mercilessly practised in every quarter. It was too well known that the Duke issued a proclamation denouncing immediate death, by being shot or hanged, against all persons who harboured the rebels, or aided them to escape into their mountain recesses. How much more so, were it possible, would the vengeance of these myrmidons of cruelty fall upon all and sundry who sheltered the Prince himself. Already about two thousand regular troops and militiamen were posted in suitable localities all over the island. Every avenue was guarded, every ferry had its watch, and every highway and hill road were protected by soldiers. The lochs and bays, and sea-coast all around, were so studded with sloops of war and cutters of all sizes, that no craft or boat could leave the island

or come to it unknown, except perhaps under the dark shade of night. No two individuals could converse together on the highway without arousing the suspicion of some of the watching military. The only consolation which the Prince had cause to enjoy was the fact that he had many sincere friends on the island-parties of prudence and caution, and parties ready to strain every nerve for his safety. Besides the friends who accompanied him from France, he had Clanranold, the proprietor of the island, his brother Boisdale, the Macdonalds of Baileshear, and perhaps all the ladies of the island. Whether loyal or Jacobite, all united cordially in the wish that the royal fugitive would escape with his life from the island. Lady Clanranold and Miss Flora were continually engaged in devising schemes for the immediate protection and ultimate release of the unfortunate Prince, whom, however, as yet they had never seen. Twelve powerful and trustworthy men, who could acquit themselves by sea or land, were selected by Lady Clanranold to be by night and day in readiness, should their services be required. Flora very frequently conversed with these gallant Islanders, and conveyed to them the sense she entertained of the duties they might be called upon to perform. They had seen the Prince on several occasions, but she had not. One morning as two of them had come to Ormiclade to give intelligence as to how the Prince had passed the night in his rocky cave, Flora met them at the door and asked them the questions, "Am bheil e laghach? Am bheil e aoidheil? Am bheil e idir iriosal agus taitneach ?" (Is he nice? Is he cheerful? Is he at all humble and pleasant?) On another occasion she commenced, for her own amusement, to taunt these men in a jocular manner, by telling them that she was able to direct them how to become by far more wealthy than Clanranold in less than a day's time. "Oh! tell us, do tell us, how that can come to pass. More wealthy than our noble Chief! Can such be really the case?" "Oh, yes, perfectly true," said Flora with a smile, "and I will now tell you what means you are to use. Go immediately and give up the Prince to my step-father, Captain Hugh Macdonald, and as sure as the sun is now shining in the firmament, you shall have fifteen thousand pounds a-piece for your great loyalty in doing so." The answer was short, but decisive-"Nior leigeadh Ni Maith! Ochan! ged gheibheamaid an saoghal mu'n iadh a' ghrian, cha bhrathamaid ur n-Oganach Rioghail gu brath" (Goodness forbid! Alas! should we receive the world around which the sun revolves, we would never betray our Royal youth). Neither would they, nor any other Highlander then living, but it is to be feared, although the schoolmaster has been long abroad, that the same would not take place to-day. Clanranold, Boisdale, and their namesakes at Baileshear, together with Lady Clanranold and Miss Flora, held a private council at Ormiclade, as to what must be done, and done immediately, seeing that every hour increased danger to the unfortunate Prince. It was resolved that he should be transported to Stornoway, as probably he might there receive the chance of a vessel to France. Donald Macleod of Galtrigal, the Prince's faithful friend and pilot, was sent for, and all the preconcerted plans were explained to him. He acknowledged that the

The Prince had a variety of places of concealment. Sometimes he hid himself in caves, and at other times in the lonely huts of shepherds or fishermen.

whole affair was pregnant with danger, but still agreed to execute his part of the scheme, if provided with a crew selected by himself, of which his own son Murdoch would be one."

Seeing that longer delay was very dangerous, the party set sail for Stornoway on the 29th April, and Donald Macleod, who knew well the course to be taken, took his place at the helm. The party had no sooner gone to sea about midnight, than a severe storm arose, which, owing to the darkness of the night, caused no small danger, not only of being swamped, but of being dashed against the rocks or jutting headlands. The crew, however, bravely held on, under the directions of Donald Macleod, while two of them by turns kept constantly baling the boat, to prevent it from filling. About the dawning of the morning they took shelter in a creek in the small Isle of Glass, on the coast of Harris.† The tacksman of the island, Donald Campbell, to whom alone they made themselves known, treated them very kindly, and suggested that the Prince should remain with him, while Macleod the pilot should visit Stornoway, to secure, if possible, a vessel to convey the Royal fugitive to France. This plan was agreed upon, and after Macleod had reached the capital of the Lews, he thought that all would be right as he had secured a vessel for the intended purpose. His next step was to send a messenger immediately for the Prince to the Isle of Glass, as no time was to be lost. As the storm had not abated, sailing was impossible, so that the Royal fugitive had to walk through the trackless wilds of the Lews to the vicinity of Stornoway. Unfortunately one of Donald's crew got the worse of drink, and told his associates by way of boast that the hired vessel was intended to convey the Prince to France. By means of this unguarded announcement considerable alarm was created in the town, and all at once resolutions were made that no vessel would be given on any condition whatever, as such might involve the natives in trouble. It was then immediately resolved by the Prince and his associates to sail back to Benbecula in the face of every danger, and to trust once more to the schemes and contrivances of his friends there. During his stay near Stornoway, the Prince received shelter, and was kindly entertained at the house of Mrs Mackenzie of Kildun at Arinish, about a mile from the village. Here his Royal Highness and friends spent many anxious hours in the devising of schemes, as to what they ought to do, as the stormy deep prevented them from setting sail. Some of the party, dreading immediate danger, proposed to betake themselves to the hills for concealment, but the Prince objected to this, and suggested, if they did not make their way to Benbecula, that they should attempt

* The history of Donald Macleod of Galtrigal is given in the Celtic Magazine, No. 19, p. 243. Before the battle of Culloden was fought, Murdoch, Galtrigal's son, was attending the Grammar School of Inverness, being then a youth of sixteen or seventeen. He understood that the battle was to be fought on a certain day, and on the morning of that day he left his school, procured a sword and dirk, and made for the battlefield. He stood there and fought for the Prince, but received no wound. Hearing afterwards of the Prince's wanderings in the West, he left Inverness, set off for Lochnanuagh, where he met his father, and assisted him in the dangerous voyage of conveying the Prince and his friends from the mainland to the Long Island.

+ Glass is a little island on the coast of Harris, near the mouth of Loch Seafort, which divides Harris from Lews. It is one of the stations selected many years ago for a lighthouse erected by the Commissioners of Northern Lights.

to return to the mainland, in the hope of meeting with some vessel from France. Donald Macleod and the whole party, however, refused to attempt this hazardous plan, as their craft was too small, the voyage too long, and the danger of meeting with Government vessels very great. It was then agreed that they would leave Arinish before daybreak, and proceed southward along the coast of the Long Island. The morning was wet and somewhat stormy, but the breeze was favourable, and they sailed with great speed. At length they observed two ships in the horizon evidently approaching them, and in order to avoid the danger of meeting with them, they entered into a creek in the small Isle of Iffurt, a little north of the Isle of Glass. This small island was occupied by a few fishermen, who, on observing the party, supposed them to the press-boat men, or a press-gang from some war-ship, and consequently they took to their heels at once, and concealed themselves among the rocks for safety. Owing to the continued storm and other dangers, Charles and his friends remained four days on this island. On the next morning after their arrival they discovered the terrified fishermen, and assured them that they were quite safe. The poor men were overjoyed, and in return did everything in their power to show kindness to the strangers. They had abundance of fish and fuel, but their dwelling was a miserable hut, over which the Prince's party spread the mainsail of their boat to exclude the rain.

On the 10th of May they left Iffurt and sailed for the Isle of Glass. Finding, to their great disappointment, that their friend Donald Campbell had absconded under the dread of being seized for entertaining the Prince, they made no stay at Glass. They steered their course southward along the coast of Harris, but while crossing the mouth of Finsbay, they were observed by Captain Fergusson's ship of war, which lay at that time in the bay. A manned boat was despatched, with all haste, in pursuit, but fortunately they escaped being overtaken, having succeeded in concealing themselves in a small creek near Rodil in Harris. At nightfall they left their hiding-place, and sailed along the coast of North Uist, but when near Lochmaddy, another war-ship, which lay in the bay, observed them, and immediately set sail after them. The chase was hard and close; but fortunately the Prince and his companions reached Benbecula, and just when getting ashore, the increasing storm off the land, drove the vessel of the enemy to sea. On this occasion the crew ran a narrow risk of their lives. In order to avoid being seized by the man-ofwar, which was close in pursuit, they dashed their boat, under full sail, into a narrow creek, where the frail bark was splintered into fragments against the jutting rocks, and where the Prince and his companions were floundering amid the foaming waves. When all had reached the dry land, Charles cheerfully remarked to his friends that his escapes were marvellous-and that he believed in his heart that a kind Providence would permit him to be rescued in the end,

(To be Continued.)

The first number of the Invernessian, printed last month, and conducted by the Editor of the Celtic Magazine, sold in thousands. Price, 1d per month, or, by post, 1s 6d per annum in advance. Only subscribers to the Celtic Magazine supplied direct from the office. The second number is now ready.