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The following table, showing the population of the States at the different decades, from 1790 to 1860, has been prepared by the editor with great care; and, as the numbers are taken from the census reports, he feels confident that it is

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Total

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775,881

3,929,827 5,291,832 7,215,791 9,605,192 12,826,186 17,025,741 23,067,262 31,148,047

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36,538

2,576

28,841

17,364

61,547

83,009

11,380

40,699

11,169.

14,093

24,023 33,029 39,834 43,712

51,687

75,080

3,929,827 5,305,925 7,239,814| 9,638,131 12,8 6,0:0 17,069,453′ 23,191,876 31,443,322

And see Story's Const., § 644, note 1 of 3d Ed., Preliminary report on the eighth census, pages 5 and 131.

Table showing the number of the Inhabitants of the States and Territories at each Census from 1790 to 1860, inclusive, and the number of Whites, Free Colored, and Slaves, respectively, together with the rate of increase of each class during the several decennial terms and for the whole period.

Aggregate population. 1790.

1800.

1810.

1820.

1830.

1840.

1850.

1860.

Total population....

3,929,827|5,305,925 35.02 7,239,814 36.45 9,638,131 33.13 12,866,020 33.49 17,069,453 32.67 23,191,876 35.87 31,443,322 85.59 700.16 Total white population 3,172,464 4,304,489 35.68 5,862,004 36.18 7,861,937 84.11 10,537,378 34.03 14,195,695 34.72 19,553,114 87.74 27,973,843 37.97 750.30

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59,466 108,395 82.28 186,446 72.00 233,524 25.28 319,599 36.87 3,231,930 4,412,884 36.54 6,048,450 87.06 8,095,461 33.84 10,856,977 34.11 697,897 893,041 27.97 1,191,364 33.40 1,538,038 28.79 2,009,043 80.61

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Total col'd population.

757,363 1,001,436 32.23 1,877,810 87.58 1,771,562 28.58 2,328,642 31.45 757,368 1,001,436 32.28 1,877,810|

2,878,758 13.41

3,638,762 26.62

4,441,730 22.07 486.48

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Free colored population of Indian Territory west of Arkansas. Slave population of Indian Territory west of Arkansas. Population of Indian tribes (according to table on page 186)

404

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Preliminary report on the eighth census. Page 124.

How are vacancies filled?

Upon what does the executive act?

How are vacancies created?

62, 151.

Power of choosing of

[+] When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.

25. The executive of a State may receive the resignation of a member, and issue writs for a new election, without waiting to be informed by the house that a vacancy exists. Mercer's Case, Cl. & Hall, 44; Edwards's Case, Id. 92; Newton's Case, February, 1847. Colonel Yell had not resigned; but had become a colonel of volunteers in the army in the war against Mexico, in 1846. The gov ernor assumed that the two offices were incompatible; and, after a resolution by the Arkansas legislature to that effect, he issued a proclamation for an election to fill the vacancy. Thomas C. Newton was returned, and the house refused to consider the question of vacancy.

Vacancies, therefore, may be created by death, resignation, removal, or accepting incompatible offices. See Paschal's Annotated Digest, note 200; Powell v. Wilson, 16 Tex. 60; The People v. Carrique, 2 Hill 93; Biencourt v. Parker, 27 Tex. 562.

The acceptance of an incompatible office is an absolute determination of the original office. (Rex v. Trelawney, 3 Burr. 1616; Millwood v. Thatcher, 2 Tr. Rep. 87; Wilcock on Municipal Corporation, 240, 617; Angel & Ames on Corporations, 255;) Biencourt v. Parker, 27 Tex. 562.

[5.] The House of Representatives shall choose their ficers, and Speaker and other officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment.

of impeach

ment.

What is the
Speaker?

26. The SPEAKER is the presiding officer of the House of Representatives, who is elected at the meeting of the first session of each Congress, and before there can be any organization. At the opening of the 34th and the 36th Congresses, there being three political parties represented, there were very great delays, as will be seen in the table. The Speaker has the appointment of all standing committees; and he becomes President of the United States in the absence of the Vice-President, and of the presiding officer of the Senate.

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The names of Speakers, pro tem., who served temporarily, for one or more days, have been omitted. The delays of elections in the 34th and 36th Congresses were caused by political contests.

27. IMPEACHMENT.-We must look to the common law for the What is imdefinition of impeachment. William Wirt, Peck's Trial, 499; peachment ? James Buchanan, Peck's Trial, 437, 438. And see 1 Chase's

Trial, 47, 48; 2 Id. 9-18; 4 Elliot's Debates, 262. It is designed as a method of national inquest into the conduct of

public men. Story on the Const. § 689. To exhibit articles of 39, 191–194. accusation against a public officer before a competent tribunal. Burrill's Law Dic. IMPEACHMENT. It is a presentment by

the House of Commons, the most solemn grand inquest of the whole kingdom, to the House of Lords, the most high and supreme court of criminal jurisdiction of the kingdom. (2 Hale's Pl. of Cr. 150; 4 Blacks. Com. 259; 2 Wilson's Law. Lect. 165, 166; 2 Woodeson's Lect. 40, p. 596.) Story's Const. § 688. The objects, openness, and diguity of the proceeding. (Rawle, Const. 69, 137, 225, 236; 2 Elliott's Debates, 43-46.) Story's Const. $$ 688–9. Pickering's Judge Pickering was impeached, tried, convicted, and removed in his absence, and without counsel. His offense was, that he was deprived of reason. Farrar, § 169. The judgment was removal from office. Story's Const. § 803, note 1. For an enumeration of the impeachable crimes at common law, see 2 Woodeson's Lect. 40, p. 202; Com. Dig. L. 28-42; Story's Const. § 799–803.

Case ?

193, 194.

194

How and by whom are senators. chosen ?

Vote?

SEC. III.-[1.] The senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each state, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years; and each senator shall have one vote.

What are 28. Consider the nature of the representation; the mode of apthe objects? pointment; the number of senators; their term of service; and their qualifications. 1 Story's Const. § 691. It makes the States Why two for equal in the senate. This result was obtained as a compromise, each state? without which the Convention must have been dissolved. Curtis's

Hist. of the Const. 41, 48, 100, 105, 106; 1 Story's Const. § 690700; 2 Pitkin's Hist. 233, 245, 247, 248; 4 Elliot's Debates, 7492; Id. 99-101; Id. 107, 108, 112-127; 2 Id. 233, 245; Luther Martin's Letter in 4 Elliot's debates, 1-45. The election by the Why elected legislature was mainly to secure the coöperation of the State with by the Legis- the federal government. (The Federalist, Nos. 27, 62; 1 Kent's Com. Lect. 11, p. 211.) Story's Const. § 704.

lature?

How elected?

30.

It was not fully settled whether the elections should be by joint or concurrent vote, until the act of Congress in these notes. (1 Rawle's Const. 37; 1 Kent's Com. Lect. 11 p. 211, 212.) The numbers considered. 1 Story's Const. § 706-708; 2 Curtis's Hist. of Corst. passim. There was Hamilton's opinion in favor of tenure during good behavior. Curtis's Hist. of the Const. 100, 105; Hamilton's Story's Const. § 709, note 2 in 3d Ed. The advantages of the present system and the classification fully discussed; Id. § 709-727. Effect of two Practically, the fact that each senator has one vote often divides the State upon questions of party interest.

What was

opinion?

votes ?

What has been the practice? Cameron's case.

28, 30

29. Where the election is by a joint convention of the two houses of the legislature, it is not necessary that there should be a concurrent majority of each house in favor of the candidate declared to be elected. Cameron's Case, United States Senate, 13th March, 1857. The election, however, must be substantially by both houses, as distinct bodies. The mere fact that a majority of the joint body, or even of each body, is present, does not constitute the aggregate body a legislature, unless the two bodies, acting separately, have voted to meet, and have actually met accordingly.

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