Congress information of the state of the Union, and recom-
mend to their consideration such measures as he shall
judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary
occasions, convene both houses, or either of them, and, in
case of disagreement between them with respect to the
time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time
as he shall think proper..

Information, how given, n. 187. Extra sessions, n. 188. Practice of the courts as to revolutionary governments, Id. Supreme Court cannot control President's discretion, n. 189. His power as to commissioning, n. 190. CONGRESS. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish....

:

See Judicial Power, notes 195-209. Judicial power defined, Id. It is obligatory on'Congress to vest the power, Id. Congress may define as well as establish jurisdiction of inferior courts, 196. List of the present and past judges, 197. CONGRESS. In certain cases the Supreme Court shall have appel late jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations, as the Congress shall make....

Appellate jurisdiction defined, n. 211. Is within the control of Congress, Id. Congress can only confer jurisdiction upon the national courts.

CONGRESS. When crimes are not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed...

The reason of this rule, n. 213. Where tried, when the crime has not been committed in the State, n. 214. CONGRESS shall have power to declare the punishment of treason; but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted.

Punishment defined, n. 217. Attainder defined, n. 142. Corruption of blood defined, n. 217. Punishment of treason, Id. CONGRESS. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State, to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings, shall be proved, and the effect thereof.

(See Credit, n. 218.) The acts of authentication, n. 219. Seal of the State imports absolute verity, Id. When a State statute-book may be read, Id. The effect of a record proved under the act, p. 220, of "any State" defined, p. 219. How judicial records must be certified, Id. p. 219. Their effect when proved, notes 218, 219. There must have been service or appearance, notes 218, 219, pp. 215, 220. Proof of records not judicial, n. 219, p. 221, § 1. Decisions upon the statute, n. 219. Applies to Territories as well as States, n. 219, p. 222, § 2. This act constitutional, n. 219.

4

this Union; but ay be admitted by the

"

CONGRESS. Congress into no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress..

New States defined, n. 229; the Confederation on the subject, Art. XI. p. 19. For a full history, n. 229. List of new States, and dates of admission, n. 230. The effect of admission, Id.

CONGRESS. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the ter ritory or other property belonging to the United States;

and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as
to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any
particular State..

"To dispose of" defined, n. 231. "Needful rules and regulations defined, Id. "Territory defined, Id. Means public property, p. 238. A full discussion of the subject, n. 231. "Other property" defined, n. 232. The "claims" defined, n. 232. CONGRESS. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution; or, on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress: Provided, that no amendment which may be made prior to the year 1808, shall, in any manner, affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate

Amendments have only been proposed to the legislatures, n. 236. The President's approval unnecessary, Id. History of the amendments, notes 244, 274–286.

CONGRESS. The senators and representatives in Congress shall be bound by an oath or affirmation to support this Constitution

What officers are embraced, n. 242. The oath of 1789, Id. Congress has the right to superadd to it, Id. The test oath, Id. Religious tests, Id.

CONGRESS shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. Amendments

"Establishment" and "religion" defined and discussed, n. 245. Christianity is not a part of municipal law, Id. This does not restrain the States, Id. The effect upon the Catholic religion in Texas, Id. "Freedom of speech" defined, n. 246; and "of the press," n. 247. The right to petition, n. 248.

CONGRESS. The certificates of the electoral votes for President and Vice-President of the United States shall be opened by the President of the Senate, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, and the votes shall then be counted. Amendments..

CONGRESS Shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Amendments ...

"Appropriate" defined and compared with " "necessary, notes 174, 238. This gave power to pass the Civil Rights Bill, n. 274.

CONGRESS. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. Amendments...

CONGRESS. Powers of, under the Confederation, to determine on peace and war (with certain exceptions), Art. IX. p. 14. Of sending and receiving ambassadors, entering into treaties and alliances (with certain restrictions); of deciding on captures on land and water; granting letters of marque and reprisal; appointing courts for the trial of piracies and felonies; a court of appeal in what cases, and how exercised, Art. IX. pp. 14-16. To determine controversies concerning the rights of soil, p. 16. To coin money and fix the standard of weights and measures; to regulate trade with the Indians, when, and how; to establish postoffices and collect postage; to appoint what army and navy

officers; to appoint a "committee of the States;" to ad-
journ, when, &c., Art. IX. pp. 16, 17. Restrictions upon
Congress, Art. IX. p. 18.

CONNECTICUT. Declared Independence, p. 7. One of the Con-
federation, pp. 9, 21. Signed the Constitution, p. 42.
CONNECTICUT. Entitled to five representatives in the first Con-

gress..

By census of 1860, n. 5, p. 68. Qualification for voters
in, n. 17, p. 60. Numbers through each decade, pp. 69, 70,
71. Assigned to the second judicial circuit, n. 197. Rati-
fied 13th constitutional amendment, n. 274; the 14th
amendment, 275.

CONSENT of Congress. No person holding any office of profit or
trust under the United States shall, without the consent
of Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or
title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or
foreign State.

Office defined, n. 151. Only relates to officers, n. 151, p.

155.
CONSENT of either house. Neither house, during the session of
Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn
for more than three days, nor to any other place than that
in which the two houses shall be sitting

The reason of the rule, n. 52.

CONSENT of Congress. No State shall, without the consent of the
Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or ex-
ports, except what may be absolutely necessary for execut-
ing its inspection laws...

The various terms defined, n. 162. How far copied from
the Confederation, Art. VI. p. 11.

CONSENT of Congress. No State shall, without the consent of
Congress, lay any duty of tonnage; keep troops or ships-of-
war in time of peace; enter into any agreement or com-
pact with another State, or with a foreign power, or en-
gage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent
danger as will not admit of delay..

Tonnage defined, n. 163. Troops defined, n. 164.
CONSENT of the legislatures. No State shall be formed by the
junction of two or more States, or parts of States, with-
out the consent of the legislatures of the States concern-
ed, as well as of the Congress...

(See n. 236.)

CONSENT. No State, without its consent, shall be deprived of
its equal suffrage in the Senate..

CONSENT. This Constitution adopted or done in convention by
the unanimous consent of the States present..
See note defining ratification and giving dates of con-
sent, n. 243.

CONSENT. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any
house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of
war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law Amend-
ments...

This amendment defined and explained, n. 250.
Constitution OF THE UNITED STATES. Its roots, where found.
Pref. p. iii. In Magna Charta, &c. Id. The principles
proclaimed in the Declaration of Independence, Id. p. iv.
Its division of powers and expositors, Pref. p. iv. v. Who
are sworn to support it, Pref. p. v., n. 242. Where to be
found, and its great scarcity, Pref. p. v. Great inattention
in regard to it, Id. p. v. vi. Fatal mistakes in regard,
to it. Pref. p. v.-ix. Motives for this work, Pref. p. ix.
x. xi. What seems to be narrowed down to a principle,
Pref. p. xiii. notes 274, 286. Has no authoritative expounder,
Pref. p. xiv. Printed as originally written, pp. 22-41.
Amendments of, pp. 43-50. Directions for reading the
annotated, p. 51. Defined, is a government and not a
mere compact or league, n. 2. When adopted, n. 3. When
ratified, n. 243. Does not create the citizen, n. 169. How

1*

construed, n. 170 n. 46. Still endures unimpaired,

n. 296. CONSTITUTION ordained and established in order to form a more perfect Union; establish justice; ensure domestic tran quillity; provide for the common defense; promote the general welfare, and to secure the blessings of liberty. Preamble.....

It is a government, and the supreme law, n. 2. Went into operation, when, n. 3. Created a new government; its mutations not a compact, n. 4...

CONSTITUTION. Congress shall have power to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or office thereof...

This clause explained, notes 138, 274.

:

CONSTITUTION. No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President of the United States.....

The reason explained, n. 170.

CONSTITUTION of the United States. The President shall, before he enter on the execution of his office, take an oath that he will, to the best of his ability, "preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States"

יי

The President is the only officer required to take this
oath, n. 174.

CONSTITUTION. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in
law and equity, arising under the Constitution..
Judicial power defined, n. 199. Does not extend to all
questions arising under the Constitution, n. 199.
arise when, n. 200.

Cases

CONSTITUTION. Nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular State, respecting the territory or other property thereof...

This applied to the claims of North Carolina and Georgia, n. 232. CONSTITUTION. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid, to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress; provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year 1808, shall, in any manner, affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate.

This power exercised, notes 236, 244, 274, 275. CONSTITUTION. All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution as under the Confederation.

The reason explained, n. 237.

CONSTITUTION. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any thing in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding..

CONSTITUTION or laws of any State. The judges in every State shall be bound by the Constitution, laws, and treaties of

the United States, any thing in the Constitution or laws of
any State to the contrary notwithstanding.

The Constitution creates the government, n. 238. Is
paramount, n. 199.
CONSTITUTION. The senators and representatives before men-
tioned, and the members of the several State legislatures,
and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United
States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or
affirmation to support this Constitution; but no religious
test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office
of public trust under the United States..

What officers; the oath; power over; test oath ;
it binds the citizens and States, n. 242.
281.

Remarks on,

CONSTITUTION. The ratification of the conventions of nine States
shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitu-
tion between the States so ratifying the same.

CONSTITUTION. The adoption of the Constitution, done in con-

vention by the unanimous consent of the States present,
the 17th day of September, A. D. 1787, and of the indepen-
dence of the United States the twelfth.

Ratification, and all the other words, defined, n. 243,
Dates of ratification, Id. The terms in this defined and
explained, n. 268.

CONSTITUTION. The enumeration in the Constitution of certain

rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others
retained by the people. Amendments.

CONSTITUTION. The powers not delegated to the United States
by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States,
are reserved to the States, respectively, or to the people.
Amendments

Delegated, and this power, defined and explained, n. 269.
The word "expressly " was rejected, Id.

CONSTITUTIONAL law. The act of 1795, to call forth the militia,
constitutional, n. 130, p. 134. The act of 1863, declar-
ing the

134, p. 136. tional forces, constitutional; denied, n.

134, p. 136. The passenger tax laws unconstitutional,
n. 88.

Only four acts of Congress have been declared unconsti-
tutional, n. 274, p. 276. So a State law, requiring an im-
porter to take out license before selling goods, n. 89,
p. 108.
CONSTITUTIONS of States. Rules of suffrage under, n. 17.

Where

there are two constitutions in one State, the political
authorities must determine the true one, n. 199, p. 195,
n. 233. Of the Rebel States, n. 274, p. 283, § 5.
CONSTRUED. Nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed
as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any
particular State..

The object of this, 232. Common sense rules of inter-
pretation to be employed, notes 46, 170, 274. So as to
effect the objects, 138.
CONSTRUED. The enumeration in the Constitution of certain
rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others
retained by the people. Amendments.

CONSTRUED. The judicial power of the United States shall not be
construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, com-
menced or prosecuted against one of the United States by
citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any
foreign State. Amendments

This was an amendment of the 2d section of the third
article, notes 205a, 270.

CONSULS. (See Appointments.) Cannot act without exequaturs,
n. 188. The grade defined, n. 202.

CONSULS. The judicial power shall extend to all cases affecting
ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, in which
the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction