Christ (anointed), χαρακτηρ α character, ῥήίωp an orator, κιθαρισους the art of playing on the hary, ορχήστρα the orchestra, and ορχήσεις a dancer, κοιμητήριον a cemetery, αφοΐςον a plough, and Adjectives in TEOS, as λExlEos, from the respective third Persons Perf. Pass. πεποιηται, κεχρισται, κεχαρακίαι, ερῥηται, κεκιθαρισται, ωρχησται, κεκοιμηται, τρίαι, λελεκίας. 9. The Greeks delight in Compounds. Sometimes they form these of two Nominatives, leaving out such letters as would seem harsh, as vauμaxia a sea fight, from vous a ship, and wax a fight; sometimes of a Genitive and Nominative, as veranos a dock, literally, a ship's house, vεws oixos; sometimes of a Dative (or, as some call it, an Ablative) and a Nominative, as opeσilpoços nourished or bred in the mountains, from Dat. Plur. opsat in the mountains, and popos nourished; sometimes of a Noun and Verb, as exys wise, discreet, from vey (Acc. of ves) mind, understanding, and exw to have; sometimes of Numerals joined to other Nouns, as Telpanas a four-footed creature, a quadruped, from Terlapes (neut. -pa) four, and was a foot; xaroviagxos a centurion, from Exalov a hundred, and apxos a commander; sometimes of several particles added together, as διόπερ, ὁπωσδηποτον, &c. εχω N.B. This Section is inserted in conformity to the method of that excellent Grammarian Mr. Holmes; though, after all, most of the observations contained in it will be best learned by USE, and by diligently consulting a good Lexicon. SECT. VII, Of ADJECTIVES and their DECLENSIONS. * 1. A NOUN Adjective of more properly an Adjective, so called because adjectitious or added to a Substantive, denotes some quality of the Substantive to which it is Joined; so in the expressions αγαθος ανθρωπος a good man, καλη γυνή a fair woman, pelas oxos a great house, the words good, fair, and great are adjectives. 2. Adjectives are declined in a three-fold manner, that is, either by three terminations, or two, or one. Of Adjectives of three Terminations. 3. Adjectives of three terminations end in os, us, WY, 15, 115, WS, and are declined after the manner of Substantives according to their termination. Thus, Adjectives of three terminations in os (as xaños fair, ayatos good, and Participles in vos) are declined like Substantives of the second and first Declension, that is, *See Bp. Lowth's Introduction to English Grammar, p. 40, note [1] Masc. Masc. Oz like the 2d Fem. H like the 1st. Neut. ON like the 2d, as 5. But Adjectives ending in os pure or gos make the Nom. Fem. in a, Gen. in as, Dat. in α, &c. (Comp. Sect. III. 8.) as Sing. N. ay-10s and avon-gos, a, ov, G. 8, as, 8. D. w, a, w, A. ov, av, ov, V. §, α, ov: Except some contracted ones (of which presently and numerals in 00s, as oydo-os eighth, which make ŋ in the Fem. 6. Contructed Adjectives in os are declined like contracted Substantives of the Second and first declension, as Sing. N. guo-os, 85; en,n; 20, 8; G. 88. 8; 875, 75; 88, 8; D. εw, w; en, n; ew, w; A. cov, v; ev, ny; 20v, 8v. &c. Sing. N. agyug-eos, 85; εα, α; εόν, εν; G. 88, 8; εας, ας, &c. Sing. Ν. απλούς, 8ς; οη, η; ούν, &ν; G08, 8; ons, 75; 08, 8; D. ow, w; on, n; ow, w; A. oo, &; or, ny; oov, 8, &c. 7. Aλλos, aλλŋ, addo, forms it's Neut. Sing. in o, but is in all other respects declined like xaños. (Comp. Sect. IX. Rule 8.) 8. Adjectives of three terminations in us, w, 5, εis, ws, are declined like Substantives of the third and first Declension, that is to say, the masculine and neuter are declined like the third, and the feminine like the first, thus, M. TΣ like the 3d, F. EIA like the 1st, N. Y like the 3d, as dus M. ON like the 3d, F. OTEA like the 1st, N. ON like the 3d, as EXWY willing, and Participles in wv. Sing. Ν. Έχων, ουσα, ον, G. ονλος, ούσης, ούλος, &c. M. AZ like the 3d, F. AZA like the 1st, N. AN like the 3d, as ras all, and Participles in as. Sing. Ν. Πας, πασα, πάν, G. πανίος, πασης, παντος, &c, Two Adjectives in as are thus declined: -as, aiva, av, G. —avos, aiyys, avos, &c. namely, μEλ-as black, raλ-as miserable. M. I like the 3d, F. EZZA like the 1st, N. EN like the 3d, as χαρίεις Sing. N. Χαρι-εις, εσσα, εν, G, εντός, έσσης, εντος, & &c. Note Note, σεις, οεσσα, δεν, are contracted into 85, εσα, εν, as μελιτο-εις, ες (honeyed): Θεσσα, εσα, σεν, εν, &c. γεις, ηεσσα, γεν, into ης, ησσα, ην, as τιμή-εις, ης (honourable); Μεσσα, ησσα, ηεν, ην: Comp. Sect. III. 29 ) And observe further that Participles in εις form their Feminine in εισα, as τυφθεις beaten, εισα, εν, G. εντος, εισης, εντος. Μ. ΩΣ like the 3d, Γ. ΥΙΑ like 1st, Ν. ΟΣ like the 3d, as Participle Tervows having beaten. Sing. Ν. τετυφ-ως, για, ος, G. όλος, μιας, όλος, &c. 9. The Adjectives πολυς much and μέγας great have their Neut. sing. πολυ and μεγα, and their Accus. Masc. πολυν and μέγαν, but borrow * all the rest from the old words πολλος and μεγάλος, thus, Sing. Ν. πολυς, πολλή, πολυ, G. πολλέ, πολλής, πολλ», &c. Sing. Ν. μεγας, μεγάλη, μεγα, G. μεγαλο, μεγαλής, μεγάλο, &c. N. B. The Learner should here write out, through all the Cases and Numbers, those of the above Examples which are designedly left imperfect. Of Adjectives of two Terminations. 10. Adjectives of two terminations end in os, ως, ας, ης, ις, ους, ύς, ην, ων and are declined after the manner of Substantives, according to their termination. 11. Thus those in os and the Attics in ws are declined like the second Declension, all the others like the third. 12. These Adjectives make their Genitives respectively in 8, ω, αντος, εος, ες, εος, οδός, υος, ενός, ανός, as Substantives of the like terminations. 13. Most derivative and compound Adjectives in os are thus declined with two terminations, and thus the Attics decline all Adjectives in 05. Some Adjectives are declined both with two and with three terminations, as αιωνι-ος, α, ον, and ὁ και η αιώνιος, ον ; τερ ην, εινα, εν, and ὁ καὶ ἡ τερην, και το τερεν. και το 14. N. B. The Learner, in declining the above Adjectives, should repeat the proper Articles with every Case, as Sing. Ν. ὁ και ή ενδοξος, και το ενδοξον, G. τα και της και τα ενδοξε, D. τῳ και τη και τῳ ενδόξῳ, Α. τον και την και το ένδοξον, &c. Sing. Ν. ὁ και ή αληθής, και το αληθες, G. τε και της και το αληθ-εος, ες, D. τῳ και τη και τω αληθεί, ει, Α. τον και την αλήθεια, η, και το αληθές, V. Masc. and Fem, & αληθής, Neut. ω αληθες. Comp. Sect. III. 32. * The Poets often use G. πόλεις, D. πολεί, Plur. N. πόλεις, G. πολίων, D. πόλεσι, Α. πόλεως, 2160 πολλάς, η, στα like καλος. Of Adjectives of one Termination. 15. Adjectives of one termination end in %, w, 5, p, 4, and are demanner of Substantives, according to their termiscarcely used in the neuter Gender. clined after the nation, but are Sing. N. xα * awak, G. yos, rapacious. τριγλώχιν, TELYλWX-14, G. 19os, three-pointed τρισμάκαρ, agos, thrice-happy V. 16. Decline da thus, and so the rest: Sing. N. naι ñ ágrαž, G. rou και της άρπαγες, D. τῳ και τη άρπαγε, Α. τον και την άρπαγα, ν. ω άρπαξε Dual. N. A. V. τω και τα άρπαγε, G. D. τοιν και ταιν ἁρπαγοιν. Plur. Ν. ὁι και οι άρπαγες, G. των άρπαγων, D. τοις και τας άρπαξε, Α. τους και τας άρπαγας, V. ω άρπαγες. 17. The Numerals is one, duo two, Tous three, Toσages four, are de clined as follows: τρεις Sing. Ν. εις, μια, εν, G. ένος, μιας, ένος, D. ένι, μια, ένι, Α. ένα, μιαν, ἑν. So it's compounds μηδεις and ουδεις no one, &c. N. μηδεις, μηδεμιας μηδεν, G. μηδενος, μηδεμιας, μηδενος, &c. Dual. †N. A. V. duo, G. D. Now and du, D. dur. Poetic. But dve is used for all Genders and Cases except the Dative. Plural, N. δι και αι τας τρεις, και τα τρία τρεις, και τα τρία, G. τριων, D. τρισι, Α. τους και Plural, N. δι και αι τεσσαρες, και τα τέσσαρα, G. τεσσάρων, D. τεσσαρσί, Α. τους και τας τεσσαρας, και τα τέσσαρα. SECT. VIII. Of the COMPARISON of Adjectives, &c. 1. ADJECTIVES in Greek, as in English, have three Degrees of Comparison, the Positive, as great; the Comparative, as greater or more great, of two; the Superlative, as greatest, or most great, of many. 2. Adjectives in os, after a † long syllable, form their Comparative and Superlative by changing os into origos and oralos, as Pos. evdogos noble, Compar. dotoregos nobler, Super. dooralos noblest; after a ‡short *See Port-Royal Greek Grammar by Nugent, p. 74, and Holmes's, p. 25. + So Dual, N. A. V. auow both, G. D. aupov. Comp. Sect. V. 3. 3. The last syllable but one that has a long vowel (see Sect. I. 6.) or a diphthong in it is always long, τις μώρος, γελάιος; so if it has a short or doubtful vowel before two consonants or a double one, as σεμνος, voog: but if it has a short vowel before a single consonant, the syllable is short, as opos. The doubtful yowels, a, i, v, before another vowel are generally short, but before a consonant often long. syllable syllable, into ωτερος and ωταλος, as Pos. σ.φος wise, Compar. σοφώτερος wiser, Super. σοφιταλος wisest. But if the preceding syllable be doubtful, the Comparative and Superlative are formed either in olpos and σταίος, ur in ώτερος and ωταλος, as to-os equal, Compar. and Super. ισότερος and ισοταίος, οι ισώτερος and ισωταίος. 3. Adjectives in us, to form the Comparative and Superlative, change that syllable into εσΊερος and εσταλος; in is, ap, and ous, take τερος and ταίος; in us, us, and as, add to their Neuters τερος and valos; in my and wr add to their Nominatives plural τερος and vales; in g change ss of their Genitive singular into ιστερος aud ισταίος. Βλα ξ, κος ιστερος, ισίατος. ξε 4. Adjectives in us often change that ending into των and ισίος, as Post. εύρους, Compar. ευείων, Super. Ευρισίας. 5. Likewise some in os are irregular; thus αισχρος, αισχίων, αισχισίος ; καλός, καλλίων, καλλισίας; οικίρος, οικιων, οικτισίος; ῥάδιος, ῥαίων, ῥαϊσιος, or έμων, βασίος, φίλος, φιλιων and φιλίεςος, Φιλισίας and φιλταῖος. 6. These are more irregular. Positive. Comparative. αμείνων better αρείων Λαθος οι εσθλος good βελτιων and βελτερος Κακος bad Μείας great κρειτίων and κρείσσων - λωίων 5 κακώτερος and κακιων worse μείζων greater polagos and psov smaller μείων ήσσων} Superlative. αγαθωταίος best αριστος βελτιστος κρατιστος · λωστος 5 κακιστος worst ἐλασσών, τηΐων, ad ήσσων } ελαχιστος and ἡχισῖος smallest smaller πλείων more ολι/ότερος and ολίζων less πλεισίας most But the truth is, these irregular Comparatives and Superlatives really belong to, and may be better derived from, other words than from the Positives here assigned; thus αμείνων from a intensive, and μενω to remain, endure; αρείων better, t more valiant in war, from Άρης, Mars, the heathen God of war, so αξισιος. Βελτιων, and βελτισίας, * Yet from διπλούς, ω;, we have Comparat. Neut. διπλοτερον, Mat. xxiii. 15. In this sense of military excellence apwy and agiolos are generally used in Homer. from |