§ 268. Supervisors may bind out. The supervisors of the county may bind out minors who are or shall become chargeable to such county, to be clerks, apprentices, or servants, which binding shall be as effectual as if such minors had bound themselves with the consent of their father. En. March 21, 1872. $269. Town officers. In every town or city, the presiding officer of the first council or legislative board thereof, if there be more than one, or any public officer or officers appointed to provide for the poor, may in like manner bind out any child who, or whose parents are, chargeable to any such town or city. En. March 21, 1872. $270. Age of apprentice to be inserted in indentures. The age of every infant so bound shall be inserted in the indentures, and shall be taken to be the true age; and whenever public officers are authorized to execute any indentures, or their consent is required to the validity of the same, it shall be their duty to inform themselves fully of the infant's age. En. March 21, 1872. $271. Indentures, conditions in. Every sum of money paid or agreed for, with or in relation to the binding out of any clerk, apprentice, or servant shall be inserted in the indentures. En. March 21, 1872. 272. Same. The indenture shall also contain an agreement, on the part of the person to whom such child shall be bound, that he will cause such child to be instructed to read and write, and to be taught the general rules of arithmetic, or, in lieu thereof, that he will send such child to school three months of each year of the period of indenture. En. March 21, 1872. 273. Deposit of indentures with county clerk. The counterpart of any indenture executed by any county, or city, or town officers, must be by them deposited in the office of the county clerk. En. March 21, 1872. Am'd. 1880, 6. 274. Alien minors. Any minor, capable of becoming a citizen of this state, coming from any other country, state, or territory, may bind himself to service until his majority, or for any shorter term. Such contract, if made for the purpose of raising money to pay his passage, or for the payment of such passage, may be for the term of one year, although such term may extend beyond the time when such person will be of full age, but it shall in no case be for a longer term. En. March 21, 1872. § 275. Contract under preceding section to be acknowledged. No contract made under the preceding section shall bind the servant, unless duly acknowledged by the minor, before some public magistrate or other officer authorized to administer oaths, nor unless a certificate, showing that the same was made freely, on private examination, be indorsed upon the contract. En. March 21, 1872. § 276. Causes for annulling indentures. Such indentures of apprenticeship may be annulled for: 1. Fraud in the contract of indenture; 2. When such contract is not made or executed in accordance with the provisions of this title; 3. For willful nonfulfillment, by such master, of the provisions of such indenture; 4. Cruelty or maltreatment of such apprentice by the master. In such case, the apprentice may recover for his services. En. March 21, 1872. PART IV. CORPORATIONS. Title I. General Provisions Applicable to all Corporations, §§ 283-403. II. Insurance Corporations, §§ 414-452. III. Railroad Corporations, §§ 454-494. IV. Street Railroad Corporations, §§ 497-511. V. Wagon Road Corporations, §§ 512-523. VI. Bridge, Ferry, Wharf, Chute, and Pier Corporations, §§ 528-531. VII. Telegraph Corporations, §§ 536-541. VIII. Water and Canal Corporations, §§ 548-552. IX. X. Savings and Loan Corporations, §§ 571-583a. XII. Religious, Social, and Benevolent Corporations, §§ 593-605. XIII. Cemetery Corporations, §§ 608-616. XIV. Agricultural Fair Corporations, §§ 620-622. XVI. Land and Building Corporations, §§ 639-6482. XVII. Colleges and Seminaries of Learning, §§ 649-651. XVIII. Consolidation of Colleges and Institutions of Higher Education, §§ 652-653. TITLE I. GENERAL PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL COR PORATIONS. Chapter I. Formation of Corporations, §§ 283-321a. II. Corporate Stock, §§ 322-349. III. IV. Corporate Powers, §§ 354-393. Extension and Dissolution of Corporations, §§ 399-403. Article I. 283. CHAPTER I. FORMATION OF CORPORATIONS. Corporations Defined and how Organized, §§ 283-300a. ARTICLE I. CORPORATIONS DEFINED AND HOW ORGANIZED. Corporation defined. 284. Kinds of. 285. 286. 287. § 288. 289. 290. § 291. § 292. § 293. § 294. § 295. § 296. § 297. 298. 299. 300. Private, how formed. For what purpose private corporations are formed. How corporations may continue their existence under this code. Existing corporations not affected. Name of instrument creating corporation. Articles of incorporation, what to contain. Certain corporations to state further facts in articles. Five corporators, three to be citizens of the state, to sign articles and acknowledge the same. Prerequisite to filing articles. Amounts to be subscribed Prerequisite to filing articles of corporations for profit. To file articles with county clerk and secretary of state, Copy of articles prima facie evidence. Who are members and who stockholders of a corporation. Banking corporations may elect to have capital stock. 300a. Change of name; filing copy of decree. · § 283. Corporation defined. A corporation is a creature of the law, having certain powers and duties of a natural person. Being created by the law, it may continue for any length of time which the law prescribes. En. March 21, 1872. Cal. Rep.Cit. 51, 410; 117, 177. Powers of corporations: See post. secs. 354 et seq. Existence of corporations limited to fifty years: Secs. 290, 401, post. $284. Kinds of. Corporations are either public or private. Public corporations are formed or organized for the government of a portion of the state; all other corporations are private. En. March 21, 1872. Am'd. 1873-4, 197. Cal. Rep.Cit. 51, 409; 117, 121; 134, 478. $285. Private, how formed. Private corporations may be formed by the voluntary association of any five or more persons in the manner prescribed in this article. A majority of such persons must be residents of this state. En. March 21, 1872. Am'd. 1873-4, 197. Cal Rep. Cit. 128, 260. See Stats. 1858, p. 264, sec. 2; id. 57; 1850, 347; 1851, 523; 1861, 567, 607; 1853, 87, 169; 1857, 75; 1859, 281; 1862, 199; 1866, 743, 752; 1863, 624. Formation of corporation to be under general laws: Const. Cal. 1879, art. 12, sec. 1. § 286. For what purpose private corporations are formed. Private corporations may be formed for any purpose for which individuals may lawfully associate themselves. En. March 21, 1872. Am'd. 1873-4, 198. Cal.Rep.Cit. 52, 60; 53, 279; 109, 590; 113, 531. Corporations to give bonds required by law: Appendix, title Bonds. See post, Act for formation of chambers of commerce, boards of trade, mechanics' institutes and other kindred protective associations: See post, Appendix, title Chambers of Com merce. Co-operative associations: See post, Appendix, title Cooperative Associations. § 287. How corporations may continue their existence under this code. Any corporation existing on the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, formed under the laws of this state, and still existing, which has not already elected to continue its existence, under the provisions of this code applicable thereto, may, at any time hereafter, make such election by the unanimous vote of all its directors, or such election may be made at any annual meeting of the stockholders, or members, or at any meeting called by the directors expressly for considering the subject, if voted by stockholders representing a majority of the capital stock, or by a majority of the members, or may be made by the directors upon the written consent of that number of such stockholders or members. A certificate of the action of the directors, signed by them and their secretary, when the election is made by their unanimous vote, or upon the written consent of the stock |