12. To make all by-laws and ordinances necessary and proper to carry into effect the preceding powers and necessary to advance the interests of the college or seminary; provided, that no by-laws or ordinance shall conflict with the constitution or laws of the United States, or of this state. En. Stats. 1885, 133.

$ 651. Existing institutions may reincorporate under this act. Any educational corporation, or body claiming to be such, now existing, may, by a unanimous vote of those of its trustees present at a special meeting called for that purpose, and of which due notice shall be given to each trustee, convey all its property, rights, and franchises to a corporation organized under this title. The fact that due notice of the meeting was given to each trustee shall be conclusively proven by the entries in the minutes of the corporation or body making the conveyance. Said minutes shall be certified to be correct by the president and secretary. En. Stats. 1885, 134.

TITLE XVIII.

CONSOLIDATION OF COLLEGES AND INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION.

$652. Societies and organizations authorized to consolidate.

tees. Annual reports.

Trus

§ 653. Transfer of property. Indebtedness. Specific grants. Dis

solution.

$ 652. Societies and organizations authorized to consolidate. Trustees. Annual reports. Whenever any benevolent, religious, or fraternal organization or society, having a grand lodge, assembly, conference, or other legislative or representative head in the state of California, having two or more colleges or institutions of higher education under its patronage, shall, for the purpose of greater efficiency and simplicity in the administration of its educational interests, desire to consolidate such institutions under one management, such organization or society shall be and is authorized to consolidate such institutions under one management by complying with the following provi sions:

First. Such grand lodge, assembly, conference, or other legislative or representative head having authorized a consolidation of its institutions, a new corporation shall be formed. The board of trustees of the new corporation shall at first consist of the persons constituting the boards of trustees of the several institutions, respectively, thus consolidated, and others; provided, the number of trustees shall not exceed forty-five. The board of trustees shall be so classified that the term of office of one third of its number shall expire each year; the successors of such trustees, as their terms expire, shall be elected by such grand lodge, assembly, conference, or other legislative or representative head at its annual meeting.

Second. The said board of trustees shall report annually to the grand lodge, assembly, conference, or other legislative or representative head controlling it, the condition of affairs of such corporation and the amount and manner of its receipts and expenditures. En. Stats. 1893, 4.

§ 653. Transfer of property. Indebtedness. Specific grants. Dissolution. The several boards of trustees of the institutions thus consolidated shall be and are hereby authorized and directed to transfer all property, real and personal, held by them, to the new corporation, as herein constituted, together with all powers, privileges, and au thority conferred upon or enjoyed by them under their respective charters or acts of incorporation. The new corporation receiving such property shall assume all indebtedness and liabilities of such institutions as are thus consolidated, but shall not transfer such property from one location to another, except by an affirmative vote of not less than three fourths of the said board of trustees of the new corporation, nor divert specific grants, donations, or bequests from the purposes for which such grants, donations, or bequests were made. That after the boards of trustees have conveyed the property, real and personal, of the various institutions to the new corporation, as hereinabove provided, and the same has been accepted by the said new corporation, then the franchises held by the corporations thus consolidating shall cease, and the said corporations shall be thereby dissolved. En. Stats. 1893, 4. Am'd. 1895, 40.

DIVISION SECOND.

PART I. Property in General, §§ 654-749.

II. Real or Immovable Property, §§

755-940.

III. Personal or Movable Property, §§

946-994.

IV. Acquisition of Property, §§ 1000

1425.

Civ. Code-10

PART I.

PROPERTY IN GENERAL.

Title I. Nature of Property, §§ 654-663.
Ownership, §§ 669-742.

II.

§ 654. Property, what. The ownership of a thing is the right of one or more persons to possess and use it to the exclusion of others. In this code, the thing of which there may be ownership is called property. En. March 21, 1872.

Cal Rep.Cit. 109, 37; 116, 343; 126, 119; 131, 307.

As to the meaning of "property" for the purposes of taxation: See Pol. Code, sec. 3617.

Real property: See sec. 658.

Personal property: See secs. 663, 953 et seq.
Franchises as property: See ante, sec. 388.

§ 655. In what property may exist. There may be ownership of all inanimate things which are capable of appropriation or of manual delivery; of all domestic animals; of all obligations; of such products of labor or skill as the composition of an author, the goodwill of a business, trademarks and signs, and of rights created or granted by statute. En. March 21, 1872.

Cal.Rep.Cit. 126, 119; 133, 71.