dition referred to is the unsuccessful campaign of Aelius Gallus in the year 25 B.C. Cf. Strabo. 16. 22; Augustus, Mon. Ancyr. 5. 13, In Arabiam usque in fines Sabaeorum processit exercitus ad Oppidum Mariba; Plin. N. H. 6. 160.

For bantering tone, cf. Cicero's playful letters to his friend Trebatius, who went to seek his fortune in the camp of Caesar.

1. beatis for transferred epithet, cf. 'perfumes of price | Robb'd from the happy shrubs of Araby' (William Browne, Book 2. Song 3). — nunc: i.e. after a life of study. The position italicizes in Latin. Cf. Arnold, Obermann Once More: 'And from the world, with heart opprest, | Choosest thou now to turn?'. Arabum Arabia is alluded to as a sort of California by the Augustan poets. Cf. 2. 12. 24; 3. 24. 1; Ep. 1. 7. 36; Propert. 1. 14. 19; 3. 1. 15, India quin Auguste, tuo dat colla triumpho | et domus intactae te tremit Arabiae. Cf. also, the gold of Arabia' (Ps. 72. 15); Otto, p. 33, 34.

2. gazis: oriental coloring.

acrem militiam: 3. 2. 2.

3. non ante: 4. 14. 41.-Sabaeae: Sheba. Cf. 1 Kings 10. 1, and Milton's 'Sabaean odors from the spicy shore | Of Araby the blest.'

6

4. Medo: Iccius will subdue the entire Orient. Cf. 1. 9, Sericas. - horribili: cf. Cat. 11. 11, horribiles Britannos. The tone is that of Falstaff to Prince Hal, Hen. IV. 1. 1. 2. 4, Could the world pick thee out three such enemies again Art thou not horribly afraid? doth not thy blood thrill at it?'

5. catenas: cf. the anecdotes of armies so confident of victory that they took more chains than arms into battle (Flor. 3. 7).

6. Avoid the ambiguity of a recent English version, 'What savage maiden having slain her lover?'

7. ex aula: Aulicus, regius, page. Cf. Livy, 45. 6.— capillis : cf. Fitzgerald cited at 1. 38. 6, and Tenn. 'long-hair'd page.'

8. ad cyathum: as cup-bearer to dip the wine from the cratera. Cf. Sueton. Caes. 49; Juv. Sat. 5. 56, flos Asiae ante ipsum; 13. 43, nec puer Iliacus, formosa nec Herculis uxor | ad cyathos ; Jebb on Soph. Philoct. 197; Daniel, 1. 3.

9. doctus: Persian youth were taught тpía μouva, inteve, τοξεύειν καὶ ἀληθίζεσθαι (Hdt. 1. 136). Cf. Strabo. 15. 3. 18.

tendere strictly applicable to the bow. Cf. Verg. Aen. 9. 606, spicula tendere cornu; 5. 507. Sericas: cf. 1. 12. 56. n.

10-12. Proverbial expression for reversal of order of nature. Cf. Eurip. Med. 410, ǎvw πотаμŵv iepŵv Xwpoûσɩ mayaí; Suppl. 520; Cic. ad Att. 15. 4. 1; Propert. 3. 7. 33; 4. 18. 6; Verg. Aen. 11. 405; Ov. Trist. 1. 8. 1; Her. 5. 27, cum Paris Oenone poterit spirare relicta, | Ad fontem Xanthi versa recurret aqua; ex Pont. 4. 5. 43; 4. 6. 45; Claudian. Eutrop. 1. 353; in Rufin. 1. 159; infra. Ep. 16. 28; Otto, p. 139; Scott, Lay of Last Minstrel, 1. 18, 'Your mountains shall bend and your streams ascend | Ere Margaret be our foeman's bride'; Tenn., Against its fountain upward runs | The current of my days.'

11. pronos: by nature. Cf. 3. 27. 18; 4. 6. 39; Shelley, Witch of Atlas, 41, and ever down the prone vale . . . the pinnace went'; Manil. 4. 415, et pronis fugientia flumina ripis; Verg. G. 1.203.

12. montibus: dat. whither, or possibly abl. abs.

13. coemptos: 2. 3. 17. - nobilis: preferably with Panaeti. 14. Panaetius, a Stoic philosopher of Rhodes, friend of the younger Scipio, and author of a treatise Teρl Toû Kałńkovtos, followed by Cicero in his De Officiis. — Socraticam domum: the writings of Plato, Xenophon, and the other Socratics. Cf. Peripateticorum familia (Cic. de Divin. 2. 1); Hor. Epist. 1. 1. 13, quo me duce quo lare tuter; Sen. Ep. 29; Julian. p. 259 B, Kal Tò Zwкpáтоvs Swμáтiov; cf. Milt. P. R. 4, Socrates . . . from whose mouth issued forth | Mellifluous streams that water'd all the schools,' etc.

15. mutare: cf. 1. 16. 26. n. — Hiberis: cf. Shak. Othello, 5. 2, 'It is a sword of Spain, the ice-brook's temper.'

16. pollicitus: cf. 1. 15. 32. -tendis : cf. Epp. 1. 19. 16, tenditque disertus haberi.

ODE XXX.

Come, Queen of Love, with thy joyous train, abandon Cyprus and betake thee to the dainty shrine whither Glycera woos thee.

A so-called KλNTIKÒS μVOS. Cf. Alcm. fr. 21.
Sappho, fr. 7; Pindar, fr. 122. 14.

1. regina: cf. Cat. 64. 96, quaeque regis Golgos, etc.; Theoc. 15. 100; John Bartlett, 'The Queen of Paphos Erycine.'- Cnidus : Dorian town in Caria. Contained Venus of Praxiteles, of which the Medicean Venus is supposed to be an imitation. — Paphos : in Cyprus. Cf. Odyss. 8. 362; Verg. Aen. 1. 415; Tac. Hist. 2. 2; Lucan, 8. 456.

2. sperne: cf. 1. 9. 16; 1. 19. 10; 3. 2. 24.

4. aedem temple, shrine, chapel; pl. house. The distinction may or may not be observed here.

5. puer Cupid. Cf. 1. 2. 34, and Aesch. Suppl. 1039-1040.solutis: Sen. de Ben. 1. 3. 2; Schiller, die Erwartung, 'Der Gürtel ist von jedem Reiz gelöst.'

6. gratiae: cf. 1. 4. 6. n. — properentque: cf. for free position of que and ve, 2. 7. 25; 2. 17. 16; 3. 2. 28; 3. 4. 11; 3. 3. 43; 3. 4. 55; 3. 1. 12.

7. Iuventas: Bn. The bloom of youth that charms not unless it is also the bloom of young desire and purple light of love.' For Bn and Aphrodite, cf. Hom. Hymn Apoll. 195.

8. Mercurius: as god of speech and persuasion. So Пee and Aphrodite constantly associated in Greek poetry. Cf. Plut. Coniug. Praec. init. Cf. Will when speaking well can't win her, | Saying nothing do 't'?

ODE XXXI.

The bard's prayer on the dedication of the temple on the Palatine to Actian Apollo, B.C. 28. For an account of the temple and the adjoining library, cf. Epp. 1. 3. 17; 2.1.216; 2.2.93; Suet. August. 29; Dio Cass. 53. 1; Propert. 3. 29.

Lanciani, Ancient Rome, p. 111; Duruy, History of Rome, 4. 1. p. 127; Merivale, 4. 24; Gardthausen, 2. 574.

Horace prays neither for cornlands, vineyards, nor fat herds. He envies not the adventurous trader's gains. He asks only for a sound mind in a sound body and 'not to be tuneless in old age.'

Cf. Pindar's prayer, Nem. 8. 37.

1. dedicatum: used both of the deity and his temple; perhaps because the god and his statue were confounded. Cf. Theog. 11;

Ov. Fast. 6. 637, te quoque magnifica, Concordia, dedicat aede.· Apollinem: for Apollo Palatinus, the work of Scopas, brought to Rome by Augustus, cf. Pliny, N. H. 36. 28; Baumeister, 1. p. 99. The statue stood between Praxiteles' Latona and Timotheus' Diana. Cf. Propert. 3. 29. 15.

2. vates: the poet in his higher religious aspect as sacred bard. Cf. Verg. Aen. 6. 662, quique pii vates et Phoebo digna locuti; Epode 16. 66. In his prosaic mood he sneers at the old-fashioned word rehabilitated by Vergil. Cf. Epist. 2. 1. 26, annosa volumina vatum. - novum: new wine used in religious rites. Cf. 1. 19. 15. 3. fundens de: cf. 4. 5. 34, defuso. - opimae: cf. 1. 7.

.

11; Verg. Aen. 1. 621, opimam Cyprum.

4. Sardiniae: with Sicily and Africa the granary of Rome. segetes: the harvest and the harvest field are virtually one. Cf. Epist. 2. 2. 161.

5. aestuosae: hot, sunny. Cf. 1. 22. 5; Epode 1. 27. grata: a prosperous herd is a pleasing sight, especially to the

owner.

6. For ivory and gold, cf. 2. 18. 1.—Indicum: cf. Tenn., 'Laborious Orient ivory.' The prehistoric Indian trade in ivory, silks, and gems impressed the imagination of the Romans. Cf. Lucret. 2. 537, India . . . vallo munitur eburno. Cf. 3. 24. 2, divitis Indiae.

7. rura: the home of Falernian and Massic.-Liris: between Latium and Campania, 3. 17. 8.

sonantem

7-8. quieta, of motion; taciturnus, of sound. Contra: longe Aufidum (4. 9. 2; 3. 30. 10); loquaces (3. 13. 15). Cf. Longfellow, Monte Cassino, 'Beautiful valley! through whose verdant meads | Unheard the Garigliano glides along; | The Liris, nurse of rushes and of reeds; | The river taciturn of classic song.' 8. mordet: cf. Lucret. 5. 256, et ripas radentia flumina rodunt; Callim. Ep. 45. 3.

9. premant: i.e. putent, amputantes coerceant. Cf. Verg. G. 1. 157; like arat, Epode 4. 13, it is a poetic expression of ownership. - Calena: cf. 1. 20. 9; for transfer of epithet from vitem to falce, cf. 3. 6. 38, Sabellis ligonibus; Cat. 17. 19, Liguri securi.

10. vitem with both dedit (in thought) and premant, or better dedit (premere).

11. exsiccet: drain (greedily). Cf. 1. 35. 27. —culullis: cf. Lex. s.v. and A. P. 434.

12. Syra: eastern trade by way of Syria was greatly increased in the Augustan age. Cf. 3. 29. 60.—reparata: apparently bartered for, taken in exchange for. Cf. 1. 37. 24.

13. carus: ironical: he must needs be dear to heaven to run such risks with impunity. - ter et quater: cf. 1. 13. 17.

13-14. quippe

...

revisens i.e. quippe qui revisat (G. L. 626. n. 1; A. G. 320. e. n. 1; H. 517. 3). Cf. use of are with part.

15. me: cf. 1. 1. 29. n. — olivae, etc. : a diet of herbs, the standing antithesis to cloying luxury. So already Hesiod, Works, 41. 16. leves malvae: regarded as laxative. Cf. Epode 2. 58, gravi salubres corpori.

17-20. The expression is embarrassed. Perhaps the simplest way is to construe: (1) frui. . . dones . . et valido . . . et integra cum mente, and (2) degere . . . (dones), etc., extracting the' and' that connects the two prayers from the first nec. Or we may take the prayer for unimpaired faculties as part of the senectam clause, in which case the first et is left without a symmetrical correspondent. The Mss. generally read at (1. 18), which is still harsher, and rejected by most editors.

17. paratis: i.e. partis, what I have, rà eтOLμα.

18. Latoe: Ante. For sentiment, cf. Juv. Sat. 10. 356, Orandum est, ut sit mens sana in corpore sano; Theog. 789; Eurip. Herc. Fur. 676; Fr. Erechth. 369 (Nauck). And Austin Dobson's graceful tribute to Longfellow, 'Not to be tuneless in old age, | Ah surely blest his pilgrimage,' etc. Lines 19-20 appear on the title-page of Longfellow's Ultima Thule.

ODE XXXII.

A song is called for. Oh, my Lesbian lyre, we too have played with junketing and love. Now help me to a Latin strain that shall sound through the ages like the spirit-stirring note thou didst yield when the live chords Alcaeus smote.' He sang of war and wine and love. Oh sovereign of the willing soul, enchanting shell,' be propitious to me also, if I invoke thee aright.