:

Noricus cf. Epode 17. 71; Ov. Met. 14. 712, durior et ferro quod Noricus excoquit ignis.

10. naufragum: cf. navem fregit, was shipwrecked: Verg. Aen. 3. 553, navifragum; Tenn. Maud, 3, 'Listening now to the tide in its broad-flung shipwrecking roar.'

-ruens: for the

12. Iuppiter: cf. on 1. 1. 25. n.; Epode 13. 2. — caeli ruina, cf. 3. 3. 7, and Zevs katαιßáтns.

12-16. Prometheus is the maker of man in Plato's Protagoras and Lucian's Prometheus. But the fancy that the original clay gave out and that he was forced to take back a portion from every animal in order to finish man is peculiar to Horace. For the moral, cf. Emerson, History, 'Every animal of the barnyard, the field, and the forest . . . has contrived to get a footing, and to leave the print of its features and form in some one or other of these upright, heavenfacing speakers.' Construe fertur coactus (esse) addere et apposuisse, or possibly, fertur, coactus addere, apposuisse et (= etiam); the construction fertur addere et apposuisse would be a dubious coupling of present and perfect. — principi limo: Mr. Churton Collins compares Apoll. Rhod. 4. 674, πpotéρns è iλúos. Cf. Soph. Pandora, fr. 441, καὶ πρῶτον ἄρχον (ἄρχου ?) πηλὸν ὀργάζειν χεροῖν. 14. undique: cf. Epist. 2. 3. 3.

15. insani leonis: cf. 3. 29. 19; Lucret. 3. 296-298.

16. stomacho: cf. on 1. 6. 6.

17. irae cf. Seneca De Ira, 1. 2; Landor, 'Strong are cities: rage o'erthrows 'em, | Rage o'erswells the gallant ship. | Stains it not the cloud-white bosom, | Flaws it not the ruby lip?' — Thyesten: The banquet of Thyestes, whose own sons were served up to him by his brother Atreus, was typical of the horrors of Greek tragedy. Cf. on 1. 6. 8; Epode 5. 86.

18. altis cf. on 4. 6. 3. - ultimae : furthest back, and hence first. Cf. Catull. 4. 15, ultima ex origine.

19. stetere: in prose exstitere, a stronger fuere. Cf. Verg. Aen. 7. 553, stant belli causae.

20. funditus: кат' акрηя, from turret to foundation stone.

21. aratrum: Propert. 4. 8. 41, moenia cum Graio Neptunia pressit aratro | Victor; Jeremiah 26. 18, 'Zion shall be plowed like a field'; Young and Burns, 'Ruin's plowshare.' — insolens : in the pride of victory. Cf. on 1. 5. 8; Epod. 16. 14.

22. compesce mentem: curb your temper. Cf. Odyss. 11. 562, dáμaσov dè μévos; Epist. 1. 2. 63.

23. temptavit: as a disease. Cf. Epist. 1. 6. 28. -dulci: cf. Tennyson's Gama: We remember love ourselves in our sweet youth.'

24. Cf. on 3; A. P. 251, pes citus; Catull. 36. 5, truces vibrare iambos; Anth. Pal. 7. 674, ès λvooŵvras iáußovs; Waller, 'To one who wrote against a fair lady: "Should thy iambics swell into a book | All were confuted with one radiant look."'

25. mitibus: either the abl. as here or the acc. as in 1. 17. 1–2, may be the thing to which the change is made with mutare. Cf. A. G. 252. c; G. L. 404. n. 1; H. 422. n. 2.

28. animumque reddas: cf. Ter. Andria, 333, reddidisti animum, my peace of mind. Others, thy heart, favor. Cf. 1. 19. 4.

ODE XVII.

Faunus oft exchanges his Lycaean mountain for my Sabine farm. He keeps my flocks from harm. The gods cherish the pious bard. Come, Tyndaris: here while the dog-star rages thou wilt enjoy the cool shade and cups of mild Lesbian, nor fear drunken brawls and the boisterous wooing of jealous Cyrus.

Translated in Dodsley's Poems, 2. 278.

1. Lucretilem: monte Gennaro, above the Sabine farm, for which, cf. Epode 1. 31. n.

2. mutat: cf. on 1. 16. 26; 2. 12. 23; 3. 1. 47. Italian Faunus is here the mountain-ranging (opeißárns) Lycaean Pan. Cf. on 3. 18, and Ov. Fast. 2. 424, Faunus in Arcadia templa Lycaeus habet.

3. capellis: cf. Verg. Eclog. 7. 47, solstitium pecori defendite. 4. usque poetic for semper, like 'still' in English. Cf. 2.9.4; 2. 18. 23; 3. 30. 7; 4. 4. 45.

5. impune and tutum are two sides of the same fact, suggested again in deviae: they may venture to stray in quest of pasture. 6. latentes: amid the thick growth of shrubbery.

་

7. The harem of the rank spouse,' an 'ill phrase' according to Professor Tyrrell. Cf. Vergil's vir gregis, Ecl. 7. 7; Theoc. 8. 49;

Martial, 9. 71. 1-2, pecorisque maritus lanigeri. Milton's cock 'stoutly struts his dames before.' "There in his feathered seraglio strutted the lordly turkey' (Longfellow).

8. virides: cf. Lo! the green serpent from his dark abode' (Thomson, Summer).

9. Martiales: the wolf is the associate of Mars for Romans. Cf. Verg. Aen. 9. 566; Macaulay, Proph. of Capys, 17. — haediliae : 'kids' is the meaning wanted. There is doubt about the form. Some take it as a proper name. Cf. Lex. 10. utcumque: whensoever, as soon as, when once. Cf. 3.4.29; 1. 35. 23; 2. 17. 11; 4. 4. 35; Epode 17. 52. - fistula: the pipe of Pan (σúpty; cf. Verg. Ecl. 2. 32; Tibull. 2. 5. 31) heard by the imaginative shepherds of Lucretius, 4. 586: et genus agricolum late sentiscere quom Pan |... unco saepe labro calamos percurrit hiantis | fistula silvestrem ne cesset fundere musam. Mart. 9. 61. 12. Cf. Mrs. Browning's 'What was he doing, the great god Pan?' — dulci: listening to thy sweet pipings' (Shelley, Hymn of Pan).

11. cubantis sloping, if Ustica is a local hill, as Porphyrio says. Others, low lying, huévw ev xúpw (Theoc. 13. 40).

12. levia: cf. λioσás. . . Téтра (Aeschyl. Suppl. 794). 14. For the idiom cordi est alicui, cf. Lex.

14-16. Construe copia opulenta ruris honorum benigno cornu tibi manabit. For legend of horn of plenty, cf. Class. Dict. s.vv. Achelous and Amalthea; Ov. Met. 9. 86; Fast. 5. 115. Cf. also C. S. 60; Epist. 1. 12. 29; Otto, p. 94; Tenn. Ode Duke of Well., 'and affluent fortune emptied all her horn.' - benigno: cf. 1.

9. 6. n.

16. honorum: cf. Sat. 2. 5. 13, et quoscunque feret cultus tibi fundus honores; Stat. Theb. 10. 788, veris honor; Epode 11. 6; Spenser, Muiopotmos, 'gatheréd more store | Of the field's honor.' It is a commonplace of 18th century poetry.

17. reducta valle: cf. Epode 2. 11; 2. 3. 6, in remoto gramine; Verg. Aen. 6. 703, in valle reducta; Keats, 'Deep in the shady sadness of a vale.' Caniculae: Procyon, 3. 29. 18; but not distinguished from Sirius. Cf. 3. 13. 9; Aeschyl. Ag. 967.

18. fide Teia: abl. instr.; of Anacreon. Cf. 4. 9. 9; Epode 14. 10; Byron's, 'The Scian and the Teian muse | The hero's harp, the

lover's lute.'

For imitations of Anacr. or the Anacreontic tone, cf. 1. 6. 10. 20; 1. 23. 1–4; 1. 26. 1-2; 1.27; 2. 11. 13–24; 2.7.28;

3. 19. 18; 4. 12. 28.

19. laborantes in: cf. Catullus' love-sick Ariadne, in flavo saepe hospite suspirantem (64. 98). — uno: Odysseus.

20. The story of the Odyssey (10. 272 sqq.). vitream: cf. 3. 28. 10; 4. 2. 3; 3. 13. 1; Stat. Silv. 1. 3. 85, vitreae iuga perfida Circes; Browne, Britannia's Pastorals, 2. 1, 'But of great Thetis' train | Ye mermaids fair | That on the shores do plain | Your seagreen hair'; Collins, Ode to Liberty, 'To him who decked with pearly pride | In Adria weds his green-haired bride.'

22. duces: wilt quaff. Cf. 3. 3. 34; 4. 4. 17. — sub umbra : 1. 32. 1. Cf. 1. 5. 3, sub antro.

22-23. Semele and Thyone (0úew, Pind. Pyth. 3. 99, Hom. Hymn, Dion. 21) were both names of the mother of Bacchus. The Latin poets loved to use sonorous Greek proper names in a decorative way. Cf. Catull. 27. 7, hic merus est Thyonianus. Cf. Vergil's Phillyrides Chiron Amythaoniusque Melampus; Georg. 3. 550.

23-24. confundet proelia: cf. TapάTTEL πóλeμov; miscere proelia; incendia miscet, Aen. 2. 329; Lucret. 5. 439; Milton's 'there mingle broils.' For such rapovía, cf. 1. 18. 8; 1. 27. 1–2.

25. Cyrus recurs 1. 33. 6. male here reinforces the adj. Cf. on 1. 9. 24. - suspecta: a hint that she may have given him cause for jealousy.

26. incontinentes: cf. 1. 13. 9-10. The Roman elegists not infrequently express mock repentance at having torn their ladies' dress. Cf. Ov. Am. 1. 7. 3; Propert. 2. 5. 21; Tibull. 1. 10. 56; Lucian, Dial. Mer. 8 init. ; Anth. Pal. 5. 248.

27. haerentem: Sat. 1. 10. 49, haerentem capiti cum multa laude coronam.

28. immeritam: unoffending. Cf. 1. 28. 30; Sat. 2. 3.7; Juv. 10. 60; Aen. 3. 2. So ȧvážios. 'That all without desert have frowned on me.'

2. 13. 12; 3. 6. 1;

Cf. Rich. III. 2. 1,

ODE XVIII.

Plant your vines, Varus. Wine is the only dispeller of care. But shun the excesses of the Centaurs and the wild Thracians, and the blind self-love and vainglory that follow the abuse of Father Liber's gifts.

Varus is probably the Quintilius (Varus) of 1. 24, and the Quintilius praised as a faithful literary critic, A. P. 438. For praise of wine, cf. 3. 21. For Bacchus, cf. 2. 19; 3. 25.

1. Modeled on Alcaeus' πρότερον δένδριον ἀμπέλω.·

1. 11. 1.

fr: 44 in same meter, μndèv ďλλo puTEVONS sacra: to Bacchus. - severis: cf. on

2. circa: with solum and moenia a slight zeugma. - mite: rarum, a light soil adapted to the vine (Verg. G. 2. 227-229). — Catili: for Catilli. Cf. on 1. 7. 13; 2. 6. 5.

3. siccis: cf. Epist. 1. 19. 9; the opposite of uvidus, 4. 5. 39. dura: predicatively.

4. mordaces: daкélvμol, Ovμoßópol. Cf. 2. 11. 18 and Milton's eating cares'; Verg. Aen. 1. 261.—aliter: sc. than by use of wine (Eurip. Bacch. 278 sqq.). — diffugiunt: Wine is 'The mighty Mahmud, Allah-breathing Lord, | That all the misbelieving and black Horde | Of Fears and Sorrows that infest the soul | Scatters before him with his whirlwind sword' (Fitzgerald's Rubaiyát, 60). Cf. Alcaeus, οἶνον λαθικάδεα.

5-6. Cf. on 3. 21. 13-20. 'Wine is a charm, it heats the blood too, | Cowards it will arm if the wine be good too; | Quickens the wit and makes the back able, | Scorns to submit to the watch or constable' (Dekker and Ford, The Sun's Darling).

5. post vina: cf. 3. 21. 19, post te. For plural, cf. 4. 5. 31. - gravem: i.e. the hardships of.-crepat cf. Sat. 2. 3. 33; Epist. 1. 7. 84; 2. 3. 247; prates, rattles on, maтayeî, understood by a very slight zeugma with the next verse too.

6. Bacche pater: cf. 3. 3. 13; Epist. 2. 1. 5, Liber pater; Verg. G. 2. 4; Ion. Eleg. 1. 13, máтep Aióvvσe. The Greek Bacchus was ever young, but pater is not an epithet of age. It is a half humorous, half reverential recognition of the god's gifts. Cf. Villon, 'Père Noé qui plantastes la vigne'; Herrick, Hesp. 320, 'Sit