who more heroic, than the countrymen of Baldwin and Fitzgibbon in putting down that rebellion? That a literary man like Mr. Hatton should wholly ignore the Irish, therefore, shows that there was need of such a book as the present. Who to-day are more truly attached to British connexion than the great majority of Irishmen all over the Dominion? Amongst ourselves also, the Irish have been too much ignored; chiefly because the follies and absurdities of a few make hundreds averse from an assertion which would be only the reasonable expression of self-respect. There is a great dissimilarity in culture between the Irish cotter and the Irish gentleman, between the Irish labourer and the Irish professional man, but not more than there is between the Scotch laird and the Scotch gillie, or between the English squire and the English peasant. Why then is it that Irishmen of the more cultivated class are sometimes found to run down the less cultivated class of Irish, so that, as somebody has said, whenever an Irishman is to be roasted, another is always at hand to turn the spit? "My grandmother," says the Earl of Beaconsfield, "the beautiful daughter of a family who had suffered much from persecution, had imbibed that dislike for her race which the vain are apt to adopt when they find they are born to public contempt. The indignant feeling which should be reserved for the persecutor, in the mortification of their disturbed sensibility, is too often visited on the victim." Something like this process has taken place in the minds of Irishmen of a certain class. But let any Irishman who reads these lines ponder what I say: You can never lose your own respect and keep

the respect of others; you can never be happy and dress yourself solely in the glass of other men's approval; you may as well seek to fly from your shadow as to escape from your nationality. If you find any men mistaken, or low down in type, or in popular esteem, it is your duty to raise them, especially if they have on you national or family claims.

I had not intended to write a preface, and I have said enough in the opening chapter to indicate the objects I have kept before me. The history of Canada cannot be written without the history of the Scotchman, the Englishman, and the German in Canada; the Frenchman in Canada has found his historian. "The Scotchman in Canada" is in the hands of a writer capable of doing justice to a great theme and an extraordinary race, whose deeds here as elsewhere are illustrious with such episodes as the Red River settlement, planted under the guidance of Lord Selkirk, by men with a determined bravery comparable to that of the German troops at Gravelotte, again and again attempting the hill, studded with rifle pits, which guarded the French left. Even the Mennonite settlements will come within the purview of the historian, and he will have to deal with a later American immigration than the U. E Loyalist-an immigration composed mainly of men who entered Canada intending to settle in Michigan, but, who, when they saw the splendid stretches of oak near London and the neighbouring counties, settled here. Among these settlers were the Shaws, the Dunbars, and the Goodhues. There was an eastern settlement of the same class, in which we find the Burnhams, the Horners, the Keelers, the Smiths, the

Perrys. Some of these were led to come to Canada by inducements held out by the Government of the day to construct roads and build mills. Hence in many instances we find American immigrants the great patentees where they settled.

In the index I do not give every name, but only the leading names.

I have in the notes thanked Mr. Charles Lindsey and the Hon. Christopher Fraser for their assistance in placing books at my disposal. I have to thank Chief Justice Harrison for the loan of books, and Mr. Justice Gwynne for the loan of books and old files of newspapapers. To Mr. Allan McLean Howard my thanks are also due for books which could not well have been procured elsewhere. To Dr. McCaul for books and hints respecting the university, I must likewise express my obligation. My thanks are due to my friends throughout the country who sent information, and to the agents employed by my publishers. Particularly are my thanks due to Mr. Sproule, of Ottawa, who, though an Orangeman, has visited a large number of Roman Catholic prelates and clergymen, in regard to this book, and got me more Roman Catholic information than has tome from all other sources whatsoever. In a special manner, my thanks are due to Sir Francis Hincks, who, both by word and letter, helped me to understand the great period of which he could truly say-pars magna fui. For estimating the character and genius of Sullivan, he gave me invaluable data. From Mr. Thomas Maclear, and Mr. Thomas A. Maclear, I have received much assistance in collecting information for the settler chapters,

and in revising the proofs. Last though not least, Dr. Hodgins, Deputy Minister of Education, claims my thanks for books and pamphlets connected with his department.

I have in places departed from rules usually observed in books. For instance, in some cases, I have not "spelled out" figures because I thought the use of arithmetical symbols more suitable to the subject treated at the moment.

The Irishman has played so large a part in Canada that his history could not be written without, to some extent, writing the history of Canada, and the following pages may, in the present stage of Canadian historical literature, be found useful to the student and the politician.

TORONTO, September 22nd, 1877.

ERRATA.

Page 127, l. 4, for "exist" read "exists."

66

163, l. 3 from bottom, for "Walters" read "Watters.' "165, l. 13, for "Livingstone" read " Livingston."

66 177, l. 4 from bottom, for "£809" read " £800."

"213, l. 14, for "Again he" read "Acadian." "328, verses belong to note p. 327.

"347, l. 7, for "McGibbon" read "McKibbon."

66

350, l. 12 from bottom, for " Morsom" read "Mossom."

"393, heading, read "Baldwin's character."