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To the Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor and Treasurer of State,
Judges of the Supreme Court, Presidents of the Courts of Com-
mon Pleas and Chief Clerk in the Auditor's office
For the Ohio Penitentiary, a balance of 1829
For the same, for the year 1830

To John Bailhache, State printer, for printing the Laws and Jour-
nals of the last General Assembly.

To sundry counties, for their proportion of tax paid into the State
Treasury for county and township purposes

17,623 83 0 391 08 0 10,014 42 0

4,300 00 0

For paper for the use of the State, for 1829 and 30

For certificates of Wolf scalps

For distributing the public arms

For refunding taxes, twice or improperly paid

To the Adjutant and Quarter Master Generals and Brigade Inspec

tors

For the Contingent Fund for Governor

For the Contingent Fund for Auditor

For the Contingent Fund for Treasurer

10,346 22 0

3,111 60 0

2,928 50 0

1,637 89 0

1,784 00 0

1,495 88 0

1,388 23 0

1,783 37 0

51 80 0

451 86 0

287 25 0

Distributing Laws and Journals of the last General Assembly
For folding and stitching same

To sundry County Treasurers for their mileage travelling to and
from the seat of government, making their annual returns
For the payment of Registers and Receivers of Ohio Lands, their per
centage on the amount of money received for the sale of said
lands

To John M. Walcutt, appointed to appraise the property of the State
in the hands of the late Keeper of the Penitentiary, whose term
of office expired on the 1st of March last

For the education of the Deaf and Dumb

For money deposited for the redemption of lands sold for taxes
For new entries from the land offices

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To officers and witnesses attending upon Division and Brigade
Courts Martial

280 25 0

For the payment of interest on the amount arising from the sale of
College lands for the Ohio University

82 83 0

For periodical works, and the purchase of books for Library

350 00 0

For the payment of Fund Commissioners out of the general revenue, and charged to the Canal Fund

150 00 0

To the Reporter of the Supreme Court

300 00 0

For the purpose of subscribing for the Reports of the Supreme
Court

247 00 0

For sundry small apropriations

737 27 0

92,485 46

Total expenditures for 1830

MEDICINE. In 1829-30, new modes of treating disease began to excite attention in Ohio. The party introducing the new system were called steam doctors; because steaming their patients with decoctions of herbs made a conspicuous part of their practice. They numbered their decoctions, one, two, three &c, and in their recipes enjoin No. 1, 2, &c. They declaim vehemently against the deleterious tendency of mineral medicines, forgetting the terrible efficacy of prussic acid, the oil of tobacco, and various preparations from the vegetable king

dom. A great object with these sweating, or as they call themselves reformed doctors, is to inculcate, that every man

ought to be his own doctor; and to furnish each family with decoctions, and vegetable remedies to such an extent, that every man can be his own physician. There can be little doubt, that if every family were to supply themselves with these comparatively cheap medicines, as many would have no use for them from general health quite as much money would be expended, on the whole, as by the present modes.

The steam doctors had their advocates and eulogists, and they were assailed by the regular school with all the arms of ridicule. The regular physicians are not agreed among themselves. Not so the steam doctors. A new sect, with

the zeal and freshness of proselytism still upon them, kept together by the ridicule and opposition of the regular physicians, and bound together by a kind of masonic tie, they every where act in concert, and operate with the consequent moral energy and effect of union. In Ohio they have obtained a legislative incorporation for a medical reformed college at Washington, which has already been opened, and a course of medical lectures commenced there.

The effect upon society has been not wholly unlike the introduction of a new religious sect. Families, circles, neighborhoods have taken sides, and the question of steam doctors and regular doctors has been agitated with no inconsiderable asperity.

GEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES AND PHENOMENA.- Scarcely a week elapses, in which in the great western valley, some perforation of the earth does not disclose new proofs of the former habitancy of this country by comparatively civilized people. At first, when facts of this bearing were presented, they were considered, as wanting evidence and credibility, and originating in the imaginations of the pretended discover

ers.

After many isolated discoveries had borne when united a concurrent and irresistible testimony, it became the prevalent fashion to refer them to the Spaniards, to the first adventurers travelling up and down our rivers, and to rapid alluvial changes, which, in half a century, had covered the recent historical memorials deep in the earth. It is incredible, that such causes should have operated such results, in places so various and wide from each other. Besides, the discoveries were of a class not to be referred either to Spaniards or adventurers of our people. The swords of iron, the coins, the regular walls of masonry, and other indicia too numerous to record, concur with recent unquestionable discoveries, not only to confirm the conviction of the former habitancy of this country by a comparatively civilized people, but to prove, that this epoch of habitancy preceded that of the races, who erected the mounds of the western country, and left them filled with their bones, their rude pottery, and other works of art. The excavation of the Louisville and Portland canal, it is well known, is a work of prodigious labor and expense. The excavation exceeds forty feet, and for a greater part of the distance is through solid lime stone. has been conducted by men, certainly

It

no ways interested in diffusing false views in regard to antiquarian speculations, and in search of anything, rather than organic remains. But in the alluvial stratum above the lime stone, bearing as little the appearance of having been disturbed by human labor, as any other portion of the country, at the depth of from between fifteen to thirty feet from the surface, the workman came upon a cemetery. Human bones were found in abundance of a dark color approaching to blackness. Horrs, teeth and various other organic remains were discovered with them, and of the same color. Some of the human skeletons were in an erect position. In the hand of one was a beautifully polished stone of the shape and half the size of a large orange. The hand was raised to the height of the head, the arm forming with the horizontal line from the shoulder an angle of 45 deg. Near the skeleton, and at about the same depth, were the remains of brick and lime-stone hearths. The bricks were of an appearance, shape and color, much like the modern. The lime-stone was wrought to a smooth surface, and on it were found quantities of charcoal, evidently formed from the last kindled fires on the hearths, which, in those unknown epoch, had probably diffused the light of domestic cheerfulness. This is but one of a hundred testimonials to the former habitancy of this valley by people entirely unlike the present Indians, in the unknown ages of the past.

We may indeed observe the western country, from the lakes to the mountains, and the gulf of Mexico, exhibits the appearance of very recent alluvial or water formation. The rocks of the whole region are full of embedded organic remains. These remains, such as enerinites, teretrabulae, and even deers' horns form no inconsiderable constituent part of the very texture and substance of solid lime-stone rocks. They are found in immeasurable masses in the bluffs of the Ohio, Mississippi, Missouri, Cumberland, Tennessee, and in fact of all the large rivers. It is a striking appearance, to note these beautiful little scallop marine shells, making a considerable part of blocks of solid lime-stone at the foot of the Rocky mountains, and on the highest hills of the interior at such great distances from the sea.

In 1829 and 30, discoveries of the organic remains of some large animal, by some supposed to be of the marine class, were made at Plaquemine on the Mississippi, below New Orleans. Some re

mains have recently been found in Kentucky, vaunted to be much larger than the mammoth bones found at Big Bone Lick.

RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY INFORMATION.-A new sect appeared in Ohio in the summer of 1830. They assume to have a new revelation, found under miraculous circumstances, under a stone. They made some progress in the interior of Ohio, so far as to have baptized 2 or 300 persons into the new religion. The leaders are exceedingly illiterate.

The followers of Alexander Campbell, called Campbellites, increased in number in 1829 and 30. Very few living leaders of sects have acquired a greater number of followers, personally acquainted with the leader, or a more extensive or deeply founded influence.

Great alarm was manifested by other religious denominations at the evident progress of the Catholics in the western country. Acting in perfect concert, and with the concentrated energy of wise plans and strong pecuniary resources, there can be no doubt, that they are making great advances in numbers and importance.

In 1829-30, schisms have grown up in the Methodist church and among the quakers, in the western country, corresponding to the same schisms, which have previously existed elsewhere. In the Methodist church the seceders are generally called Radicals and they call themselves the Reformed Methodists. They object to the Episcopalian sternness of the old Methodist establishment, as giving too much power to the bishop and clergy and too little to the laity. They are more democratic in their ecclesiastical regime, and they hold less to the inherent rights and immunities of the ministry, and represent, that all its claims are founded on personal worth and sanctity, without any prescriptive claims on the score of the

ministerial office. Hence they hold much to lay instruction, and perform ance of public religious duties.

The schism among the quakers has separated from the ancient or orthodox quakers, a considerable portion of their community, who call themselves Hicksites, or followers of Elias Hicks.

Revivals in some of the churches, during the two past years, have been numerous and attended with many of the circumstances of high excitement, which are recorded of the Whitefield revivals, so celebrated in the former days of the church. There have been anzious seats, inquirers in spasms, hundreds received into the church at a time, -and, what is almost unprecedented in the history of revivals, Presbyterian church Camp meetings. A number have been held at no great distance from Cincinnati, attended by all the peculiar circumstances, which have been formerly recorded of such meetings.

The preachers connected with these revivals have urged as prevalent motives in their preaching, that the end of the present system of things, is to be expected, in the fulfilment of the prophecies, some time between the present and 1848. These motives have been pressed with great vehemence and earnestness, though it cannot be perceived, that they, who advance them, appear to attach less value to tenures, which extend beyond 1848, than other people. Unprecedented exertions have been made, by the Presbyterian denomina tions, to extend sabbath schools in all parts of the Mississippi valley. Subscriptions to the amount of 40,000 dollars have been raised in the Atlantic states for this purpose, which have been met with very respectable contributions in the western country, and the efforts are systematic and vigorous to extend those schools on every side.

INDIANA.

FINANCES. The expenditures during the year 1829 were $42,392 48. The receipts were $41,036 72, which with $11,323 39 in the Treasury at the beginning of the year, makes a total of $52,354 11; and a balance in the Treasury on the 5th Dec. 1829, of $9,961 63.

The Legislature at its session held at Indianapolis commencing the 1st Monday of Dec. 1829, among other laws, enacted that the laws concerning divorce should

extend only to persons who had resided within the state for one year,

A law was also passed exempting soldiers of the Revolution from imprisonment for debt.

The establishment of Medical Societies was authorized and professional services by persons not licensed to practise medicine were declared not to be recoverable by law.

A law was passed that no sale should

be made of the school lands in any congressional township unless a majority of all the qualified voters of the township are in favor of it.

June, 1830. INDIAN TRIAL. - A Miami, Nowelinggua, was tried at Fort Wayne, on the 9th, on a charge of murder for killing a woman who was his slave. The indictment was interpeted to him and he was asked to say whether he was guilty or not guilty. He answered, 'I do not deny having killed the woman; she was iny slave, and by the laws of the nation I had a right to do so. She had stolen one of my children, and I had not seen her afterwards until the day when I was put in jail, when I met her at Fort Wayne and killed her. If my fathers, when they purchased our lands had told me it was wrong, I should never have attempted it.'

The court ordered the plea of Not Guilty to be entered by the clerk. In the trial a variety of argument was used of no particular interest here, on the subject of the relation in which the accused stood to the laws of the state; and it was contended that the lights of knowledge and revelation had never been extended to him; and that it would be cruel to make him accountable to laws he had no agency in enacting, and about which he could possibly know nothing. When the case was submitted, the jury, in about forty minutes returned a verdict of guilty of manslaughter. Punishment -two years in the state prison and to pay a fine of one cent. At the foot of the verdict the jury unanimously recommended him to a pardon.

The counsel for the prisoner expressed a wish that the court would unite with the jury in recommending him to the clemency of the executive. The verdict was then explained to the prisoner, who was asked, 'what he had to say why judgment should not be pronounċed against him?' He seemed much depressed, and said he had nothing to say more than he had said. The court proceeded to pronounce sentence, having previously spoken of the nature it the offence, and the light in which it was viewed by the laws of the land. They then explained to him the lenity of the jury, and that, perhaps, they would unite in recommending him to a pardon. This revived him much; and he assured the court if he was released, he would go home and kill deer and raccoon, and only try to make an honest support for his family- he would not strike even one of his own dogs. While in prison he had often talked of his wife and children, and cried, and expressed a desire to return to them, not more on his own account than theirs.

Nowelinggua is a good looking Indian, of middle stature, his countenance open and manly, and he has the reputation among his people of being a good man. Several of his people were present dur ing the whole progress of the trial, and among them his grandmother, said to be over ninety years old. They seemed to take much interest in the event, but conducted themselves with good order and propriety. He was splendidly dressed according to the Indian manner.

ILLINOIS.

GALENA.This town is situated in the state of Illinois at the head of steamboat navigation on Fever or Bean river, six miles from its mouth, and two and a half miles east from the Mississippi, and is north of St Louis, Mi. 500 miles. The lead mines in the neighborhood are capable of supplying lead for the consumption of the whole country; and recently a new source of wealth has been discovered in valuable copper mines. The tract in which this mineral has been found, is twentyfive miles long and three or four in width; its manufac ture will be immediately commenced, and from its abundance it will become an article of exportation.

In the neighborhood of the town, are

found extensive quarries of soap-stone, which it is thought will be of great service in the construction of ash furnaces or any other requiring a considerable degree of heat. Beautiful white clay is also found in large veins, which is sought after by the Indians, to use as a paint for the decoration of their persons, and which will prove valuable hereafter in the manufacture of porcelain.

In 1827, 2,133 permits to miners and four licenses to smelters were granted, and the quantity of lead made at the mines amounted to 6,824,389 pounds. In 1828 the permits were 1,944 and the licenses were 31, and the lead made amounted to 12,957,100 pounds.

-

MISSOURI.

July 22, 1829. INDIAN HOSTILITIES. A rencontre took place this month between a part of Ioway and Sack Indians, and a body of white men in the county of Randolph, near the head waters of Chariteau river. The Indians had located themselves at this place as a hunting party, and the country was also used by the whites for grazing their cattle, while a party of the whites were so engaged, a company of the Indians took possession of the cattle and drove them off. From twentyfive to fifty of the frontier inhabitants immediately embodied and pursued the Indians, who were found encamped. The whites demanded the cattle which had been stolen. The Indians refused to surrender them, at the same time threatening that if the whites did not leave the country as soon as possible they would kill every one of them.

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The whites then told them to stack arms, which they refused to do and immediately commenced cocking their guns. The whites then thinking that it was useless to reason further with them, and seeing that some of the Indians had their guns to their faces, discharged one of their guns upon the Indians. A conflict then ensued in which John Myers, James Winn, and Powell Owensbey were killed -- four others wounded two dangerously, and two slightly. The loss of the Indians was said to have been ten or twelve killed. The action continued for a few minutes, when the whites retreated with three of their wounded, leaving the fourth behind, who was supposed to have been killed.

The number of the Indians was estimated from seventyfive to a hundred and fifty. The Governor of Missouri called out a thousand militia for the protection of the frontier, and also re

quested the aid of the United States troops. A body of men was despatched in pursuit of the Indians, but returned without having seen any Indians, or the signs of any but such as were supposed to have passed seven or eight days previously, who were probably the retreating party.

1829. INTERIOR TRADE WITH MEXICO. An article from Fayette, Missouri, of Nov. 1, thus notices an arrival from Santa Fe :

From fifteen to twenty of our citizens, consisting principally of those who left here in May last, have just reached their homes in good health and spirits, having realized an average profit on their investments of about 100 per cent. The aggregate amount of their returns, I understand, is computed at $240,000.

'Accompanying the traders are several Spanish families of the class who were expelled from the Mexican republic, by an edict of the government, at the commencement of hostilities with Old Spain, and who have chosen a refuge and a home among us. They were escorted by a body of Mexican troops to the boundary line between their government and ours, where Major Riley's command was stationed, and thus the protection of a military escort was afforded through the whole extent of country from Santa Fe to our frontier.

'I am pained to add that Mr Samuel Craig Lamme, a merchant of Franklin, and last of Harrison county, Ky. lost his life in this adventure, in'a rencontre with the Indians, some distance in advance of the main company. Two Spaniards and one of major Riley's men, are also reported to have been cut off by the Indians.'

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