consin in a slightly lower latitude than the mouth of the Chicago River and withinthirty-five miles of it, has not hitherto been demonstrated.

During a trip to Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois, in the latter part of August and the first of September of last year, a faithful examination of that region was made with a view to ascertain the southeastern limits of this class of works. This boundary, or assumed boundary, was found to be on the east side of the Fox River, just north of the city limits of Aurora. in Kane county, Illinois. Here there are to be found two groups of mounds, located on the sloping edge of the terrace which is about twenty-five feet above the river and one hundred and fifty yards distant from it.

The northern group is on the N. E. 4 of the S. W. of Section 10, township 38, north of range 8, east, and consists of three round mounds and two effigies

representing birds. Of the latter No. 1 probably represents a duck or some similar bird having a long neck. It is 34 feet in length, 36 feet from tip to tip of wings and 14 feet in height. No. 2 is some 50 feet in length and the body is 2 feet in height. Effigies of this class are usually called "owls" from the horns or feathers which protrude from the head

The second group of mounds is located to the southward about one hundred and fifty yards on the slope of the same terrace and are on the S. E. of the S. W. of the same section. It consists of two bird effigies, one elliptical mound and thirteen round mounds, of which one bird and five round mounds were surveyed. The remaining mounds were more or less defaced, the major portion of some of them having been carted away. The surveyed effigy (No. 3) which is intended to represent a bird, may properly be classified as conventional in form-the form reminding one of a cross shape, but the cross mounds once supposed to exist, have long since been known to be birds. It is 32 feet

in length, 36 ft. from tip to tip of the wings and 14 ft. in height. This effigy is the most southern as well as the extreme southeastern one as far as is known. It has often been remarked that a very large proportion of the effigy mounds are headed in a southerly direction, though no adequate theory has yet been framed to account for the fact. The reader should notice the southern flight of these birds.

The geographical distribution of the effigy mounds can only be given at the present time in a general way. While there has been more or less work done in this field by different individuals and at different times yet the present

known limits of these works may be extended at any time by new discoveries in out of the way places.

The extreme southwestern limit is in Lyon county, Iowa, eight miles southeast of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, where a somewhat rude effigy is found, valuable for its being the only known case occurring in the Missouri basin.* For to the east of this in northeastern Iowa, near Farley and at Dubuque and thence along the Upper Mississippi Valley to within a few miles of St. Paul,

*See "Science" of May 2, 1890.

more or less of these works are to be met with. The extreme northwestern limit is at a point on Crow Wing River just one hundred and sixteen miles northwest of St. Paul.

The northeastern limit is not so well defined and while effigies are reported as existing at some points farther to the northward, yet the vicinity of New London, Waupaca county, Wisconsin, may be considered to be the limit in this direction at the present time, so far as the reported locations have been verified.

It may be here stated that in regard to the several localities on the lower peninsula of Michigan where effigies were reported as existing, a thorough ex

amination of the region was made-in August of this year-but they failed to materialize. It is evident that that state must now be abandoned as an effigy field, so that the eastern limit remains in that portion of the state of Wisconsin bordering Lake Michigan.

In speaking now of the distribution of the effigy mounds the Ohio Valley is not taken into account. The few to be found there-less than a dozen-must be considered as sporadic. From the effigies in Illinois described in this article to the nearest one in Ohio-the celebrated Great Serpent-is fully three hundred and twenty miles in a straight line going in a direction a few degrees to the north of southeast.

There may have been others constructed along the Fox river farther south

than Aurora, but if so, the effects of the general settlement of the country for over half a century, together with the continual tilling of the soil, have probably obliterated all traces of them.

St. Paul, Minn., Jan. 5, '94.

T. H. LEWIS.

The ARCHAEOLOGIST

PUBLISHED MONTHLY AT WATERLOO, IND., BY

i. e., lack of funds.

During the un

certainty of the nation's finances, and the prevailing "hard times" museums have suffered. Men of means who

The Archaeologist Pub. Go., have largely contributed to field funds

(INCORPORATED.)

Warren K. Moorehead, President.

A. C. Gruhlke, Sec'y and Business Mgr.

EDITED BY

WARREN K. MOOREHEAD.

in the past are loath to give until they are certain that they will not need the money in business. It could hardly be expected that museums would contemplate field work so long as the money market is uncertain. How

ORTON HALL, OHIO STATE UNIV., COLUMBUS, O. ever, the editor hears from "the in

ENTERED AT THE POSTOFFICE AT WATERLOO, IND., AS
SECOND-CLASS MATTER.

side" that several small surveys will start out in May from two institutions.

Speaking of men of means calls to

SUBSCRIPTION, ONE DOLLAR A YEAR ▷ mind the great need of large sums

To foreign countries, $1.25.

SINGLE COPIES, TEN CENTS.

for exploration. Museums have ample funds for publication, salaries and current. They have a superabun

Advertising Rates.—Made known on application. dance of ordinary collections and do

Contributions are respectfully solicited.

Address all subscriptions, advertisements, and business communications to

not need cash for purchase of specimens. But all of them sadly feel the need of field funds. What surveys

A. C. GRUHLKE, WATERLOO, IND. might be projected and carried to suc

EDITORIAL.

The reputation

cessful termination, what wonderful
discoveries could be made if a few of
our citizens (with multitudinous dol-
lars) would only decide to aid anthro-
pology! On the interest of a well in-
vested million, four surveys could be
permanently continued, two in North
America, one in Central America, one
in South America.
the donor would accrue, and the ser-
vice to science would make him more
famous than the perpetuation of his
name through a college or a hospital.
We have plenty of colleges and hospit-
There
als but no permanent surveys.
are many museums, but few real exped-
itions. The Egyptian Exploration Soci-
ety is the only institution in the world
carrying on permanent archæologic ex-
plorations. The United States could
easily support four such surveys.

In this day of many museums the lover of ancient things finds much material for study. With millions of relics on display in the larger cities of the land, and an extensive literature, -which, by the way, is constantly increasing his longings are gratified. Curators and museum assistants, howThey ever, are far from satisfied. feel the need of extended field operations, of collections from new regions. Looked at from their standpoints. museums have but begun the proper classification of anthropologic material,—and aside from in Ethnology, the American field is but superficially worked. Ambitious to solve questions of import, they desire to explore secWe can hope for some such archooltions regarding which our present knowledge is excessively meagre. But ogic milennium, as has been mentionthere is an obstacle, one of magnitude; ed above, in the future. It would be