"The Chippeways landed occasionally to examine whether any of the Sioux had recently visited that quarter. "In one of these excursions, a Chippeway found in a conspicuous place a piece of birch bark made flat by being fastened between two sticks at each end and about eighteen inches long by two broad. "This bark contained the answer of the Sioux nation to the proposition which had been made by the Chippeways for a termination of hostilities. "So sanguinary had been the contest between these tribes, that no personal communication could take place. Neither the sanctity of office or the importance of the message, could protect the ambassador of either party from the vengeance of the other. "Some time preceeding, the Chippeways, anxious for the restoration of peace had sent a number of their young men into these plains with a similar piece of bark. upon which they had represented their desire. The bark had been left hanging to a tree in an exposed situation, and had been found and taken away by a party of Sioux. The proposition had been examined and discussed in the Sioux villages, and the bark which was found contained their answer. The Chippeway who had prepared the bark for his tribe was with us; and on our arrival at St. Peter's, finding it was lost, I requested him to make another. He did so, and produced what I have no doubt was a perfect facsimile. The Chippeways explained to us with great facility, the intention of the Sioux, and apparently with as much readiness as if some common character had been established between them. "The junction of the St. Peter's with the Mississippi, where the principal part of the Sioux reside, was represented, and also the American fort, with a sentinel on duty, and the flag flying. "The principal Sioux chief was named 'Six,' alluding, I believe, to the band of villages under his influence. To show that he was not present at the deliberation upon the subject of peace, he was represented on a smaller piece of bark, which was attached to the other. "To identify him, he was drawn up with six heads and and a large medal. Another Sioux chief stood in the foreground, holding a pipe in his right hand and his weapons in his left. Even we could not misunderstand that, like our own eagle, with the olive branch and arrows, he was desirous of peace but prepared for war. The Sioux party contained 59 warriors, and this number was indicated by 59 guns, which were drawn upon one corner of the bark. "The only subject which occasioned any difficulty in the interpretation of the Chippeways, was owing to an incident of which they were ignorant. "The encampment of troops had been removed from the low grounds upon the St. Peter's to a high hill upon the Mississippi; two forts were therefore drawn upon the bark, and, the solution of this enigma could not be discovered until our arrival at St. Peter's. "The Chippeway bark was drawn in the same general manner, and Sandy Lake, the principal place of their residence, was represented with much accuracy. To remove any doubts respecting it, a view was given of the old northwestern establishment, situated upon the shore. "No proportion was observed in their attempt at delineation. One mile of the Mississippi, including the mouth of St. Peter's occupied as much space as the whole distance to Sandy Lake, nor was there anything to show that one part was nearer to the spectator than another: yet the object of each party was completely obtained. L. H. BEESON A PENDANT. [BY A. F. BERLIN.] N the writer's possession is a partly chipped and partly polished arrowhead-shaped perforated specimen, made of red shale belonging to Mr. Charles Klopper, of Somerton, Pa., which was picked up from the surface in the vicinity of Reading. Pa., about twenty years ago. Here, the material from which the object was made is found in place. It is two and three quarter inches long, and, as seen in the cut, is perforated, which was done from both sides, forming a somewhat funnel-shaped perforation. through that part which at the arrow-head we term the stem. Although it would have done good service as a point attached to a shaft. it was undoubtedly worn as an ornament. Pendants of this form seem to be somewhat rare. Arrowhead orna ment. The writer saw several years ago in the Stubb's collection belonging to Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa., a similar ornament of about the same length but broader. It was made of slate, nicely polished, perforated four times, once through the stem, another near the point, and the remaining two were placed at opposite points in the body, I think all the holes were connected by incised lines. The writer visited the museum building a short time ago to inspect the relic, but found it missing. As some of the glass panes of the cases in which the stone objects are exhibited were at the time of the writer's visit broken, he is forced to believe that it was taken away. The ARCHAEOLOGIST PUBLISHED MONTHLY AT WATERLOO, IND., BY The Cincinnati Society especially distinguished itself in the exploration of the Madisonville pre-historic cemetery. Its work there was of great im The Archaeologist Pub. Go., portance and value. It did not simply (INCORPORATED.) Warren K. Moorehead, President A. C. Gruhlke, Sec'y and Business Mgr. EDITED BY WARREN K. MOOREHEAD, WATERLOO, IND. ENTERED AT THE POSTOFFICE AT WATERLOO, IND., AS content itself with making an examination of a small section of the site and mounting with meagre labels a few hundred relics arranged (as is too often the case) with scrupulous care as to forms: the triangular arrow-heads all together, the celts laid out in rows etc. It instituted a tho ough exploration. It asked the doctors and anatomists among its members to iden SUBSCRIPTION, ONE DOLLAR A YEAR. ▷tify the bones found in the ash pits of To foreign countries, $1.25. SINGLE COPIES, TEN CENTS. the site, to report upon the human Advertising Rates. -Made known on application. business communications to (in the early eighties) archæologic A C. GROHLKE, WATERLOO, IND. work in the Central States consisted EDITORIAL. of meagre surveys, careless explorations, and the careful display in museums of pretty and perfect specimens.. Archaeology in the Central Broken or unfinished objects, or vil States. The oldest institution in the Central lage site material was not preserved. While these two societies carried on States which can lay claim to good of means, the Missouri Historical Sowork in a new field, hampered by lack work in archæology is the Cincinnati ciety did what it could in the way of Society of Natural History. Before publication and preservation of impleany of the more progressive modern ments and skeletons in the neighborscientific institutions west of the Al- hood of St. Louis. Contrast the numleghanies were founded, it had pub work today. with those of twenty ber of institutions engaged in this lished numerous reports and made a years ago! In the east but five mucreditable and an intelligent collec- seums have been founded in the past tion. Its work dates from 1870. twenty years which devote the greater Along with it should be mentioned part of their attention to archæology. the Western Reserve Historical In the Central States there are seven Society of Cleveland, which is which devote a large portion of their inmuch older and so far as history is come for archæologic work and four in concerned its work out-ranks any of process of erection. (This enumeration the western institutions. In archæ- does not include the new library ology, Col. Whittlesey, who was long building given by Mr. Carnegie to connected with it, did good work. Pittsburgh, a portion of which is to be set aside for archæology.) Those pendently of other observations. which have been organized within whether Man existed at Trenton sevtwo years are: The Field Columbian en thousand years ago, whether, if so, Museum at Chicago; Walker Museum, University of Chicago: Orton Hall, Ohio State Universisy, Columbus; Chicago Academy of Sciences Museum. Those a little older are The Cincinnati Art Museum: The St. Louis Academy of Sciences' Museum; The University of Michigan Museum. The University of Minnesota, according to dispatches, will soon have a museum largely devoted to archæology, etc. The most progressive of these one would naturally expect to find in Chicago. However, the Cincinnati Art Museum has gathered into its magnificent structure several hundred thousand objects of archæologic value. The St. Louis Academy of Sciences expects to cooperate with its Historical Society and carry on extensive work throughout the Central Mississippi Valley. A few years will suffice to give the west more and better equipped scientifle institutions. She is now able to rival any or all of the eastern museums except that queen of American scientifle institutions, the Smithsonian and National Museum. COLLECTOR'S DEPARTMENT. Progress of Field Work. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHEOLOGY AND OF PENNSYLVANIA. he was a stone chipper who could not polish stone (Paleolithic Man) or a stone chipper who could also polish stone (Neolithic Man) and whether. having survived the melting of the Great Glacier, he remained in the valley to change by slow degrees into the Indian or departed thence to work out his development elsewhere. The evidence of newly discovered blade quarries has been gone over with care and the story of village sites reviewed in the effort to learn how long the Lenape who met Campanius in 1643 had been here, whether coming, as he alleges, about 1390, he encountered a predecessor, or whether the valley discovered by him at that time had been for milleniums unvisited by Man. Two to five men working twenty days at and near the ancient argillite mines on Gaddis Run, while definitely connecting the quarries with the modern Indian, discovered an apparantly earlier type of Indian at an underplaced village layer close by, At the same time light was thrown upon that world-wide token of Man's earliest presence, the "Turtleback," for here were distinguished two classes of the much discussed stones, "Turtlebacks" of the quarry, (unlike the av erage Trenton specimens.) explainable as inchoate cache blades of the latest Indian period, and "Turtlebacks" of the riverside, (like the Trenton specimens,) not explainable as inchoate cache blades, and seeming to betoken a period of unknown duration before the werking of the quarries. (See the account in full of the work herewith sent.) Examining the position of objects in ancient strata, the association of human remains with animal bones in The discovery, on June 23, of anothcaves, and the arrangement of layers er argillite quarry on Neshaminy at Indian village sites, the summer's Creek. (see Science for Oct. 9, 1893.) research has sought to learn, inde- prepared the way for still further elu cidation of the purpose and bearing upon Man's early history of these leaf shaped stones which still puzzle and vex the searcher. Turning to the chance of a sudden answer to discussed questions in ancient layers, the Trenton gravel cuts were twice re-examined, and as no careful record had been preserved of the position and association of the bones found in the only two caves of importance known in the Delaware Valley, both these abodes of former men and animals were re-explored. miles north of the moraine, must have been long buried under the Glacier. This fact, marking a clear epoch in the cave's history, had its important bearing on the fossil remains of the Bison, Peccary, and Giant Chinchilla (Castoroides Ohioensis,) found there, with human implements in 1880, for no man or large animal could have lived at the spot when it was overlaid with ice. Information kindly furnished by the discoverer of the fossils and only previous explorer of the cave, Mr. T. Duncan Peret, showed that it was still half full of a clay deposit whose bottom had never been reached, and that, as no sure association had been marked between the bones and human remains previously found, we were justified in an attempt to recover, if possible, the story of the original relative position of layers and remains. Three men working a week in shafts sunk at various depths in the blasted area at Durham Cave in hopes of finding original cave floors, proved that too much rubbish had fallen in the destruction of the cavern roof by the Durham iron company to surely repay search, while the record of the chief remaining side gallery, known as Queen Esther's chamber, was saved by A trench 22 feet 3 inches by 3 feet completely removing the floor humus 8 inches by 14 feet 1 inch reached the -which contained, besides traces of cave floor and proved. together with fire. the bones, often gnawed by aniour further discoveries of bones, that mals, of twenty species of vertebrata, all the fossils formerly found had come (kindly identifled by Professor Cope.) from a layer of debris lying above the Besides the extinct Peccary, (Dico- clay, and when near the top of this we tyles Pennsylvanicus,) previously found a stratum of human habitation found in Hartman's Cave. (Pa. Geol. Rept., 1887, p. 8,) and whose remains charcoal, a pebble hammer and a containing chert chips, arrowheads. are yet to be carefully associated with charred bone, the notion of a Pre-Indthe surrounding facts, the Catfish, ian Cave Man. as suggested by the imChub. Frog, Snake (undetermined.) plements of bone first found, vanishRattlesnake, Bird (undetermined.) ed, and we were confronted again with Bat, Porcupine, Marmot, Wood Mouse. Small Rabbit, Large Rabbit, Black Bear, Wolf, Fox, Raccoon, Otter and Deer had wandered into the recess to die, or had been carried thither as food by carnivora and men. the Red Man as the contemporary, it seemed, of the Peccary and Giant Chinchilla. Oct. 27, 1893. H. C. MERCER. While the Durham Cave, lying close upon the river and south of the glac- Recent discoveries and observations ial moraine, had not probably been in Tennessee and Texas were made afoverwhelmed by ice, Hartman's Cave, ter the above report was issued. Acon a hill-top near Stroudsburg, five cording to the Philadelphia Ledger of miles from the Delaware and several Jan. 8th, Mr. H. C. Mercer visited the |