was a beautiful pipe, and represents a duck upon the back of a fish, and has been described in the November Archæologist. Among the sheet copper were two Swastika crosses. This ancient symbol of Sun and Fire worship is found scattered all over the world among primitive peoples, but it was not known to have existed in the Ohio Valley. A skeleton covered with plates of copper, pearl beads, etc., and having at its head a remarkable representation of antlers (in copper) was found near the center of the effigy. But to return to the other exhibits in the building. Professor Desiré Charnay was one of the leading authorities on the ruins of Yucatan. His first trip was to the land of the Mayas, fifty years ago, and the results of his work were published in an elaborate volume of photographs of the ruined cities of Central America. This volume is very rare now and commands a high price. Since that expedition he has been to Central America five times, remaining through one or two seasons on each trip. His collection consisted of a series of casts taken from the original slabs which are now in the Mexican Museum. Nearly all of them were covered with hieroglyphics. One, taken from the interior of a room showed a feathered serpent with inscriptions. These were taken from Tikal, Guatemala. Nothing like them has ever since been discovered. Several pieces of sculptured lintels are shown, made of sapote wood, which is very durable and looks like mahogany. Two slabs were shown from the ancient city of Menche. Charnay says in that city there are at least one hundred slabs beautifully carved, which could be easily secured by some of the scientific institutions. The exhibit also included several magnificent slabs from the Palace of Inscriptions, at Palenque. The celebrated tablet of the cross, with its strange carvings of the serpent, also the foliated cross which was discovered by maler a few years ago, with several reproductions of the stucco carvings here reproduced. Probably the most interesting to the popular observer was the interior of the chamber of the "tennis court" of Chitchen Itza, Yucatan. What is left of the sculptured wall was reproduced in plaster and represents five lines of human figures in various postures and with various objects in their hands, most of them with bows and arrows. Portions of it has been colored by Charnay, the colors being reproduced as they were seen in the old Mapa and Aztec minuscripts. Some bas-reliefs were shown from the Temple of the Sun at Palenque. They are in three parts, one is in the National Museum at Washington, one in the Mexican Museum, and the other is still at Palenque. The cast was taken from the one in Washington. It is a figure of Quezacoatl. the great god of the Aztecs. The celebrated statue of Tlaloc, the god of the rain was shown. This statue was discovered by Dr. Le Plongeon, at Chitchen Itza. Yucatan. It was called by him Chaac Mol. The original is now to be seen in the Mexican Museum. Two smaller statues of great interest were also there, which were molded by Mr. Charnay, in Mexico. Near it was a shield-shaped inscription, from the house of the Governor at Uxmal, Yucatan, which is probably the greatest and best preserved ruin in Central America today, being three hundred feet long and containing thirty-two rooms. It is built on three terraces. A copy of the so-called sacrificial stones was given, which, however, is a misnomer, as has been shown by recent researches in Mexican archæology. It is a stone representing an historical event or series of historical events, which have taken place under some kin and has nothing whatever to do with human sacrifice. The collection of Charnay, the Berlin Museum, and the Peabody Museum, having been all brought together here, make the finest collection of Central American Antiquities ever on exhibition in one museum, embracing as they do the many inscriptions and all the curious symbols and figures for which the ancient cities of Central America are noted. Hung about the walls of the Central American section were series of fine photograpns of the ruined structures made by the Peabody and the Berlin Museums. These photographs showed the ruined cities of Labna, Uxmal, Chichen Itza. Kabah, and many smaller cities in Yucatan and the ruins of Copan, Honduras. Among the many interesting things in the collection were the figures made by Mr. Alfred P. Maudslay, from the ruins at Palenque, Chaipas. Mexico; Quirigua, Guatamala; Copan, Honduras; and Chichen Itza. Yucatan. Also many beautiful slabs and statues from the ruins of Copan, which were made under the offices of the Peabody Museum, Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass., and under the immediate direction of Mr. M. H. Saville, and the late Joan G. Owens. We have endeavored to mention in the foregoing pages the important features of Professor Putnam's department. Necessarily, in a brief paper, many interesting points must be condensed. As a whole, the department, although it has been but two years in formation. ranked third among the museums of the United States. The great work undertaken by the department gentlemen was not in vain. Of the twenty thousand visitors each day, many who came as mere "relic collectors" left the building with broader views, and with a better understanding of Anthropology in all its divisions. A large number of those thus interested will form scientific societies in the communities in which they reside, other will join the established Anthropological organizations, and thus the new science will be aided and its infiuence spread; and John Smithson who, when he, by endowing the Smithsonian Institution, builded better than he knew, said "Knowledge will be diffused among men.” WARREN K. MOOREHEAD. The ARCHAEOLOGIST PUBLISHED MONTHLY AT WATERLOO, IND., BY There is not much to record in the progress of archæology. Several new books have appeared, discoveries have been made in Peru by an expedition The Archaeologist Pub. Go., recently sent from San Francisco, Cal. (INCORPORATED.) Warren K. Moorehead, President. A. C. Gruhlke, Sec'y and Business Mgr. EDITED BY WARREN K. MOOREHEAD. WATERLOO, IND. ENTERED AT THE POSTOFFICE AT WATERLOO, IND., AS SUBSCRIPTION, ONE DOLLAR A YEAR. D To foreign countries, §1.25. Advertising Rates.-Made known on application. Address all subscriptions, advertisements, and business communications to A. C. GRUHLKE, WATERLOO, IND. EDITORIAL. The management of The Archæologist desires to express its gratitude and appreciation to Mr. A. F. Berlin for his services during the past year. It is no small task to assume the editorship of a publication of this character during its first year, in truth the beginning year is the most difficult of all. Mr. Berlin has maintained a high standard and the gradual improvement of the journal and its increased circulation are largely due to his selection of the class of material to be published. We acknowledge our indebtedness to him for his efforts on behalf of the journal. In one or two months we will have a foreign correspondent who will furnish us with contributions regarding the progress of archeology abroad. There are no details as to the nature of the finds. We request our readers to send in communications upon discoveries of note. Any facts concerning the archaology of a given locality are desired for the correspondents and collectors department. This portion of the journal is to be a chief feature of our publication. Mr. H. C. Mercer in charge of field work for the University of Pennsylvania, has published a most interesting (although brief) report upon "The Progress of Field Work." in connection With his official duties in the museum. The report is remarkable, and should be closely studied. It bears the stamp of careful work, and is so concise that one can get at the facts in a moment. In the concluding paragraph of the report, after a brief description of a thorough cavern exploration we find the statement: "the notion of a preIndian Cave Man, as suggested by the implements of bone first found, vanished, and we were confronted again with the Red Man as the contemporary, it seemed, of the Peccary and Giant Chinchilla." Investigations such as Mr. Mercer and the University men have carried on, cannot be said to be hasty So far as the Delaware or careless. valley near Philadelphia is concerned, the editor thinks they have settled the The evidence submitted is question. most positive in its character. Would that they could do similar work in other valleys. The report will appear in fall in the February number of The Archæologist. COLLECTOR'S DEPARTMENT. A very interesting letter has been received from Mr. Chas. A. Dily regarding the finding of specimens in glacial drift along the shores of lake Michigan. We quote the following paragraphs: No. 1 (of the drawings which he sends) was found embedded in the gravels of the fifth stratum of the ancient beach of Lake Michigan. some two miles distant from the present shore. No. 3 was secured in one of the clay beds (25 feet below the surface) which are of glacial origin. This is shown by the large number of glacial-scratched rocks of more northern origins.-even copper ore being found present. "You will notice that No. 3 (also of bone, awl shaped) shows a clean cut, as if made with some sharp instrument. This fact together with the other fact that I extracted it out of compact masses of clay. 25 feet below the surface, at once tells the story the man who made it existed during the time when gigantic glaciers swept over Chicago, "No. 1 is equally interesting." After describing the geologic formation of the plains bordering upon the lake he says: "It must be remembered that one (of bone, awl shaped) was found embedded in the fifth stratum of the ancient lake beach. One is justified in laying claim to the theory that it too, is a relic of the Glacial period." .He describes at length other specimens found at various depths along the old as well as the present lake shore. We would suggest that to avoid controversy and to aid in settling vexed and debated questions, finders of implements in real or supposed glacial drift should not remove them. An appeal on the part of a finder to any of the foremost geologists in the country would result in an immediate investigation. Both sides know that such a proceedure would settle the discussion. But it is those who cannot wait who find the specimens. There are some of us who Would sit down by the object for days and nights if necessary and await the coming of some authority. But the people who are willing to do this never have the opportunity to exercise it, their searchings are in vain. Information for Collectors. By Warren K. Moorehead. It is just possible that many of the readers of the Archæologist have not the time nor means to make a very extensive collection of prehistoric weapons, ornaments and utensils. Others, although business and professional men, may have devoted many leisure hours to traveling about the neighborhood purchasing specimens, or searching village sites for such implements as may be found upon the surface. Again, others are youths just beginning to collect, who may possibly have crude notions concerning many of the specimens which they possess, and be at a loss to know how to extend and enlarge a collection with but little expenditure of money. With the hopes that some "pointers" may be given to beginners and others, the editor undertakes this department. Each month some phase of collecting or of a collection will be considered. [Suggestions from all well informed collectors are welcome. It is not desired to confine the information to a few persons-all are welcome to express views.] Collecting is both fascinating and instructive. I think those who live in the smaller towns and villages have an advantage over the city resident, and unless the latter has means with which to purchase specimens, the collector of the country is apt to have the near his town, watching what fields were put in wheat, oats and corn so that he would know when to start out upon a hunting trip to a given locality. He wonld soon ascertain by the broken stone, fiint chippings, and fragments of pottery where a small or large village had been situated. He would become familiar with the large flint implements and axes found here and there. Most of the implements he would find would be rough and rude. His better finds would be isolated and rare compared with the great quantities of material which occurred upon the village sites. If he was inclined to be at all studious he would discover that he learned much more from a study of the village sites than from the more beautiful specimens more valuable and important cabinet of the two. Local collections are of great value. That is, it is better to have all the stone, bone, clay and shell objects of one river valley than to own a mixed collection of specimens from all over the United States. Therefore, one ought to confine his selections, his finds, to a certain section of the country, and to well represent that rather than to atttempt to show a large area imperfectly. I can call to mind but twenty-three men in the United States who have enormous collections of value from all localities. They are well along in life, not one of them bas spent less than $5,000, and many of them a large fortune in making an exhibit so broad that it would represent the entire stone age from the Columbia river to Mexico and occasionally found on the hill sides across the continent to Maine. Out of the six or seven thousand collectors in this country there are but these twenty-three who have attempted to show all of the country and have done it well. It does not follow that a beginning collector or one whose means and time are limited should be at all discouraged by these statements. Let me briefly outline, for instance, what a man living in a small town can do. Suppose he has seven or eight hours a week through the spring, summer and fall. He should first decide to make a collection from his own neighborhood say within a radius of thirty or forty miles from where he lived. If he had no experience and knew nothing about the subject he would do well to read current archæologic literature. He should talk with intelligent farmers (or with storekeepers who have an acquaintance with such people) and ascertain where large numbers of flint and stone implements in his County were found. or upon the plain. A six inch flint spear head would be of more value to him as a collector; broken pottery, bones, partly worked implements, unfinished ornaments would be of more value to him as a student. He might notice the decorations upon the pottery and compare texture and markings with illustrations of the same from other regions. In a short time the beginning collector would find himself familiar with the class of objects which occurred in his neighborhood. His cabinet would have a real value, especially so if he could take some photographs of village sites or indicate upon a township map where the mounds, habitation sites, etc., were located. The man who purchases all his specimens and who collects solely for the pleasure that he derives in posessing beautiful implements has a valuable cabinet in that its contents represent the art, and usually the highest art attained by aborigines. A museum which desired to be less scien Then he should examine the country tifle and wished to show the most |