best, and according to the will of their Creator, we can do no more. If they disobey it, this is a matter to be settled between them and their God. It remains, however, to be seen, whether God will or will not cause his laws to be obeyed; and whether omniscience and omnipotence have not the means of teaching his creatures submission to his will."

Entelligence.

PEACE SOCIETIES.-RESOLUTIONS, &c.

ENGLAND. The Secretary of the British "Society for the Promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace," has, since the publication of our last number, very kindly sent us the 52d and 53d numbers of the London "Herald of Peace," together with duplicates of the Society's numerous and very valuable Tracts. We return him and the Society many thanks for their favor.

We find in these numbers of the Herald, a variety of Extracts from the Reports of different Peace Societies. The sermon of the Rev. C. C. Vanarsdalen, pronounced in the North Church at New Haven, Connecticut, during the session of the Legislature, by appointment of the Connecticut Peace Society, is republished in the Herald, entire. Our impression, in looking at these numbers of the Herald, is, that the good cause is progress. ing in Great Britain. We trust the time will shortly come, when Great Britain shall be no less distinguished for the glories of peace than she has been for the (false) glories of war. From the Report of the Hibernian So. ciety, extracts from which are pubished in the Herald, it appears that there are in England, at the present time, about twenty-seven Peace Socie. ties.

CONNECTICUT PEACE SOCIETY.-The fourth Anniversary of this Society, was held at the Baptist Church in this city, on the 10th of May last. The annual discourse before the Society, was delivered by the Rev. R. H. Neale, Pastor of the Baptist Church, New Haven. It was listened to by a crowded audience, with very great interest. We understand it will soon be published. This Society has sent copies of the Advocate, which during the last year was puslished under its patronage, to all the members of the United States Congress, to the Judges of the United States Courts, and to several officers of the different Departments of the United States Govern

ment.

HIBERNIAN SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF PERMANENT AND UNIVERSAL PEACE. At a meeting of this Society, holden on the 16th of Dec. 1834, the following Resolutions were passed unanimously:

"Moved by Henry Grattan Curran; seconded by Mr. Harvey

That the Report now read be adopted as the Report of the Meeting. Moved by Mr. Sherwood; seconded by Mr. Grace

Resolved, That this Meeting adopts as a resolution, the opinion so ably expressed by the celebrated Erasmus, viz.-" If there is in the affairs of mortal men any one thing which it is proper uniformly to explode, which it is incumbent on every man by every lawful means to avoid, to deprecate, to oppose that one thing is, doubtless, War. There is nothing more unnaturally wicked, more productive of misery, more extensively destructive,

more obstinate in mischief, more unworthy of man as formed by nature, much more of man professing Christianity."

Moved by Mr. J. Abell; seconded by Mr. Glorney

That it is the opinion of this Meeting that the mode of arbitration by a competent authority, as practised in courts of justice, would be infinitely more Christian and satisfactory than the appeal to the sword, so universally practised in the decision of national disputes, which are seldom ended without loading the nations engaged with increased taxation, and occasion the destruction of much of their productive resources."-London Herald of Peace.

RESOLUTIONS OF THE GENERAL ASSOCIATION OF CONNECTICUT, at their meeting in June, 1835.

1. Resolved, That we highly approve the object and efforts of the American, Connecticut, and other Peace Societies, for the promotion of universal peace, and commend them to the prayers and patronage of the Christian community.

2. Resolved, That ministers of the Gospel, connected with this Associ ation, be requested to preach on this subject at least once every year, and churches, to observe in December, the Annual Concert of Prayer, for the prevalence of peace through the world.

RESOLUTION OF THE GENERAL ASSOCIATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.-This association, at their meeting at Framingham, on the 23d of June, Resolved to "recommend to all ministers of the Gospel, within its bounds, to use their influence by public and private instruction, and in all suitable ways, to discountenance war, and to promote peace throughout the world."

PUBLIC AFFAIRS.

EUROPE.-Peace between the different nations of Europe still continues to be preserved.

SPAIN, by the last advices, was suffering the miseries of a protracted civil war. Don Carlos who was contending with the Queen for the crown, had become so formidable that the Queen's government had resolved to call for the armed intervention of the other powers, parties to the Treaty of Quadruple Alliance, viz. England, France and Portugal. It was feared that this call would lead to a general war in Europe.

GREECE was far from being tranquil. The capital was distracted by mili tary disorders; Maina in a state of insurrection; the Albanians making perpetual incursions on the frontiers, and the Morea infested by banditti. The Greeks were emigrating in great numbers into Turkey.

MEXICO, by advices to the 1st of June was yet suffering from insurrection.

Thus we perceive the intimate connection between good governmentsestablished for the people,-and Peace.

CORRESPONDENCE.

[TRANSLATION.]

The Count de Sellon Founder of the Peace Society of Geneva, to the American Peace Society.

Geneva, Switzerland, Feb. 9th, 1835.

Gentlemen of the American Peace Society.

Honored by you with the the title of Colleague, I have ever sought to render myself worthy of it, by propagating, as much as in me lay, the prin ciples which you have espoused. The communication between Switzerland and America is so difficult, that I have not always been able to present you my numerous publications. I, however, flatter myself that you receive the London Herald of Peace, which sometimes gives account of my efforts in behalf of the inviolability of the life of man.

My feelings deeply wounded, by the Message of President Jackson,-I published two successive letters, in which I invited the inhabitants of both shores of the Atlantic, to remember the words pronounced at the Congress of Panama by the Deputy of the United States of North America, words remembered by all Christians-friends of peace, and which ought to be engraven in letters of gold on every dwelling, in all governments, monarchical or republican.* I pointed out in this letter the duty of submitting international differences to the mediation, or to the arbitration of some third dis interested power, and applying this principle to actually existing events, I mentioned the King of Prussia as the sovereign most worthy to discharge these functions, and as having given a proof of his sentiments in a letter addressed to the founder of the Peace Society of Geneva, inserted in No. I. of its Archives, and in the London Herald of Peace.

France and America, the Queen of Spain, and Don Carlos, while as yet there is no permanent tribunal for such a purpose, might as it seems to me, submit their differences to a Prince, who, judging from his character and the geographical position of his States, must be disinterested.

I know not, Gentlemen, whether you are informed of the Concourst which I opened in 1830 in behalf of the Dissertation which should point out the best means of establishing general and permanent peace; it is still open, and the prize which I have offerred will not be adjudged until after the 1st of July 1835. Dissertations written in French, in English, in Italian, in German, and in Latin, will be admitted at the Concours. They must be sent free of postage to the Count de Sellon at Geneva, in Switzerland, with an inscription in a sealed envelope; a sufficiently detailed program of the Concours has heen published in the Archives of the Geneva Peace Society, and republished in the London Herald of Peace. The Geneva Peace Society will act as judge in deciding upon the merits of the essays and in bestowing the premium offered by me.

We may be permitted to hope that it will become customary on both Continents to settle differences between nations by ribunals analogous to the Amphyctionic Council, and to the permanent diet proposed by Henry IV. of which tribunals the Congresses of Munster and of Aix la Chapelle afford an example. If St. Louis and some Emperors of Germany have prevailed upon haughty feudal Barons to submit to legal decisions, why should real sovereigns, republican or monarchical, not submit to a tribunal composed of their own deputies.

The formal discussion occasioned in the American Congress, and in the French Chamber of Deputies by the Message of President Jackson, will lead, I hope, to speeches in which the friends of Peace will make it appear how incompatible a war, for any cause whatever, is with civilization and with Christianity. These occasions are too precious to be suffered to pass without being improved. They afford the opportunity of giving effect to the principles avowed and espoused by the Peace Societies, which do not feed upon empty theories, and which offer themselves to the world, as the true defenders of the lives of mankind, cruelly sacrificed for ages to the passions of their chiefs.

I had the past summer the very great pleasure of making the personal acquaintance of the Hon. Edward Livingston, your Ambassador to France, who did me the honor to pay me a visit at my country seat of Fenétre, near

The Ministers appointed to represent the United States at the Congress of Panama, did not arrive at Panama until after the adjournment of that body. We know not to what our noble friend here refers unless it be to the words of the Hon. Daniel Webster, in the House of Representatives, April, 1826, the following Resolution being under consideration, viz. "Resolved, That in the opinion of the House it is expedient to appropriate the funds necessary to enable the President of the United States to send Ministers to the Congress of Panama." Mr. Webster addressed the Committee at some length on the subject of the Resolution. His words deserve an eulogium like that here pronounced by the Count de Sellon.

A Concours is a meeting. It here signifies a meeting for reading the Essays and ad judging the premium.

Geneva. He there had the opportunity of seeing his name engraved upon a monument which I have erected to preserve the memory of the founding of the Peace Society of Geneva; and of the men, who, according to my opinion, have best served the cause of humanity. Livingston is near the Beccarias, the Lucas, the Leopolds, the Henrys IV. the Casimir Periers, the Fenelons, the Wilberforces, the Nicholas de Fleu, the Victors de Tracy, who all, although in different positions, and in different ways, have labored for the good of mankind.

It is glorious for America to have given origin to the penitentiary system, conceived by William Penn, and which ought to take the place of the bloody codes of the middle age. All governments begin to be ashamed of the inferiority of their prisons compared with yours, and send commissioners among you, as the ancient Romans sent to Greece to seek for laws. Geneva boasts of being the first city on the continent of Europe which has constructed a penitentiary upon the panoptic* plan; and every day we seek to render it more perfect, and to follow, although at a distance, the ex. ample which you have given us.

In suggesting a mediation to settle the affairs of France and America, and of Spain, I have shown in my publications that this example, given by the West, would not be lost upon the East, where the fire burns under the ashes and only waits the snapping of a spark to burst forth in flames.

I have often thought, and also often written and published, that England and America were admirably situated for the propagation of pacific princi ples, by reason of their immense and various commercial relations; touching as they do all points of the terrestrial globe, traversing seas, ascending rivers even to their source; I have recalled to mind more than once the project of Bernardin de Saint Pierre, which was to re-open the communication which very anciently existed by water between the Caspian sea and the Persian gulf -a communication which favored at once the commerce of the Indies, of Grand Tartary, and of America, whose vessels came loaded with skins into the sea of Ohkotsk.

Such, gentlemen, are projects, which, if they cost millions of dollars, at least do not cause tears to flow, nor torrents of blood. Bernardin de St. Pierre assures us that before the military enterprises of the Scythians, and of the Russians, their descendants, the Indies carried on a considerable commerce with the North of Asia, and even of Europe. Peace ought to bring back again these same customs, to the benefit of the entire human race, eager to multiply the means of communication in order to multiply exchanges. If it is true that Europe keeps under pay, every year, three millions of men, often destructive, and always unproductive, what prosper. ity will she not enjoy, when she shall have adopted the American and the Swiss systems, having as her soldiers those brave militia men who take arms only to exercise themselves from time to time, that they may main. tain order when it is disturbed, or defend the country when it isunjustly attacked.

In adopting this system, every aggressive war would be in fact renounced, and every defensive war would of course be rendered useless. I am well aware that what I say is common place, very common, but it is rendered necessary by the constant repetition of the friends of standing armies, that it is absurd to disarm ourselves and to expose ourselves to the insults of ungenerous enemies. William Penn, by maintaining peace with the Indians, replied in advance to all these sophisms, and Mr. Hancock has pointed out the special regard shown to the Quakers during the civil war of Ireland in 1798. Such is my constant reply to sophisms invented by friends of war, sophisms triumphantly refuted by David Bogue in his discourse upon universal peace, which I have had reprinted and distributed

*Panoptic applied to a building signifies one so constructed that all parts of it can be seen at once from a single point.

upon the Continent to the number of 1000 copies, adding to it some notes and explanations of my own.

Be pleased, Gentlemen, and beloved fellow-laborers, to accept the assurance of the distinguished consideration of

Your very humble and obedient

Servant.

COUNT DE SELLON,
Founder of the Peace Society

of Geneva.

Extract from a letter of Professor Calvin E. Stowe.

WALNUT-HILLS, NEAR CINCINNATI, April 20th, 1835. DEAR SIR,-1 was very glad to receive a letter from you on the subject of peace, and to act in accordance with its suggestions. I preached on the subject in the chapel of our Seminary on the last Sabbath in December, and notified a prayer meeting for the same object, for the succeeding Monday evening. The subject excited deep interest both among the students and citizens. We had a delightful prayer meeting, and resolved unanimously to organize a Peace Society. A short vacation intervening, we did not meet to organize our society till last Friday evening, when we had another most interesting and profitable meeting, and organized what I trust will be an efficient and useful society.

The meeting was addressed by Prof. Biggs, myself, Rev. Mr. Little, Agent for the Home Missionary Society, Rev. Mr. Bullard, Agent of the Foreign Missionary Society of the Valley of the Mississippi, Rev. Mr. Vail, Agent of our Seminary, S. F. Dickinson, Esq. and Rev. Mr. Stone, Agent of the Foreign Missionary Society for Kentucky. The addresses were interesting and to the purpose, and produced a very happy effect on the audience. Our constitution was read and approved, and the following officers chosen: Professor T. S. Biggs, President-C. E. Stowe, Vice President-R. L. Stanton, Secretary-H. H. Spalding, Treasurer-C. E. Stowe, Alexander Duncan, and D. F. Newton, Executive Committee. Our society takes the name of the "Peace Society of Walnut-Hills, Ohio." Most of those present at the meeting signed the Constitution on the spot, and I doubt not we shall very soon have nearly all the students and citizens enrolled with us. We have taken hold of the thing in earnest, and are determined to make it appear that the "cause of Peace is the cause of Christ," which was the subject of the sermon I preached when the effort was commenced. At the meeting when the society was organized, I stated and proved, (at least to my own satisfaction, and I have reason to believe to the satisfaction of most of my audience,) the four following propositions— namely:

1. War produces and encourages every sort of evil and wretchedness, and destroys and discourages every kind of good and happiness; and this is essential to its nature as war, and cannot be separated from it, unless by miracle.

2. War is maintained solely by the influence of deception and ignorance; while ignorance, in respect to Christians of the present day, is, for the most part, wilful and criminal.

3. War, in every shape, is entirely contrary to the spirit and precepts of Christianity.

4. The recurrence of war among Christian nations can be prevented, if Christians will do their duty.

With the warmest wishes for the success of the glorious cause of Peace,

WILLIAM LADD, Esq.

I am,

Yours,

C. E. STOWE.