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CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
National Debt of Great Britain; Her authority in America; Sir
Robert Walpole; Injustice of taxing the Colonies; Lord Chatham;
Doctor Johnson; Patrick Henry; His early life; Clergy and Two
Penny Act; Clergy suit; Henry's eloquence; Indian War; George
Grenville proposes to raise revenue by taxing the Colonies; Virginia
remonstrates; Stamp Act; Indignation in America; Virginia Legis-
lature of 1765; Patrick Henry's Resolutions; Their effect; First
Congress; Stamp Act repealed; Treasurer. Robinson; Death of
Governor Fauquier; His character; Charles Townsend; Duties on
tea and other articles; Action in Virginia ; Norborne Berkley, Baron
de Botetourt, arrives; His character; First Virginia Convention;
English injustice; Death of Botetourt; Lord Dunmore governor;
Dabney Carr; Boston Port Bill; Raleigh Tavern; Convention in
Williamsburg; Indian Hostilities; General Andrew Lewis; Battle
of Point Pleasant; Severs Loss of the Virginians; Savages defeated;
Speech of Logan; Convention of 1775 in Richmond; Patrick Henry's
great speech; Its effect; Dunmore secretly removes powder from
Williamsburg; War .
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CHAPTER II.
Excitement in Williamsburg; Armed force from the Fowey man-of-
war; Captain Montague; Proceedings in Fredericksburg; Patrick
Henry marches at the head of a volunteer company to retake the
powder; Richard Corbin, King's Receiver-General; Last House of
Burgesses in Virginia; Conciliatory plan of English Ministry; Its
duplicity; Virginia not deceived; Explosion in the Williamsburg
magazine; Dunmore retires aboard the Fowey; Correspondence
between the Governor and the House of Burgesses; Vigorous prepa-
rations for war; Dunmore enters Norfolk harbour; Seizure of Holt's
printing press; Predatory warfare; Attack on Hampton; Gallant
defence; Enemy repulsed; Dunmore's success in Princess Anne;
His inhuman proclamation; Plot with Conolly; Great Bridge;
Colonel Woodford marches with the Virginia force; Conflict at the
Great Bridge; Death of Fordyce; Success of the Virginians; Howe
and Woodford enter Norfolk; Consternation of the Tories; English
fleet; Norfolk fired upon and burned; Dunmore's degradation;
General Charles Lee; Removal of people from Princess Anne and
Norfolk Counties; Gwynn's Island; Dunmore takes possession of it;
General Andrew Lewis attacks him; Drives him out with loss;
Miserable condition of the enemy; Dunmore sails to New York;
Finally leaves America; His character; Virginia and the Revolu.
tion; Civil and religious freedom; Seldom enjoyed in the world;
Virginia resolves, if possible, to secure them; Her gradual ap-'
proach to independence; Paine's Common Sense; Virginia Gazette;
Convention of 1776; Declaration of May 15; Bill of Rights; Con-
stitution; Its character considered; Establishment of civil liberty. 83
CHAPTER III.
Religion; Man naturally religious; Christianity the only true religion;
Its intrinsic evidences; Union of church and state; Its evils; Re-
formation; Church of England established; Bishops; Church esta-
blished in Virginia; First ministers; Church under martial law;
Establishment of parishes and glebes; Bigotry of Sir William
Berkeley; Archbishop Laud; Stephen Reek; Intolerance; Its effects;
Church in time of Governor Spotswood; Parishes; Progress of the
Established Church; Her apparent prosperity; Real condition;
Evils of the Establishment in Virginia; Rights of conscience in-
fringed; Injustice to Dissenters; Intolerance; Cruelty; Wicked
clergy; Irreligious people; Conduct of the Parsons; Rise and pro-
gress of Dissenters; Huguenots from France; Congregationalists
from New England; Regular Baptists; George Whitefield visits
Virginia; Effect of his preaching in America; Separate Baptists;
Their rapid progress in Virginia; Their zeal; They are opposed by
the Episcopal clergy; Persecution; Patriotism of the Baptists;
Presbyterians in the Valley; Stone Church of Augusta ; John Craig;
Origin of Presbyterianism in Eastern Virginia; John Organ; Samuel
Morris; Luther and Bunyan; Fines; William Robinson arrives;
Effect of his preaching; Samuel Davies; His character and elo-
quence; His great success; Hampden Sydney and Liberty Hall;
Methodists in Virginia; They co-operate with the Establishment;
Legislature of 1776; Struggle for religious freedom; Memorials;
Mr. Jefferson; Severe conflict; Bill in favour of Dissenters; Partial
establishment of Religious Liberty
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CHAPTER IV.
Changes required by the principles of the Revolution; Law; State
of the Law in Virginia; Entails; Their progress in England;
Docked by fine and recovery; Rigour of entails in Virginia; Aristo-
cracy; Evils of the system; Mr. Jefferson's bill; Entails abolished;
Proposed revisal of the whole legal system of the state; Revisors
appointed; Their labours; Their report partially adopted; Review
of their suggested reforms; Events of 1776; A dictator proposed;
Patrick Henry and Archibald Cary; Progress of the Revolutionary
War; Scientific association; Aid to Hampden Sydney College;
Lafayette and De Kalb; General Thomas Nelson; Legislation as to
British debts; Consequences thereof; Virginia accedes to confedera-
tion; Josiah Phillips; Dismal Swamp; Bill of attainder; Phillips
captured, regularly tried, condemned, and executed; Further im-
portation of slaves forbidden; English Commissioners; Their dis-
graceful conduct; Virginia refuses to hear them; Settlement of the
west; Magnificence of the country; Daniel Boone in Kentucky;
Manners of the western pioneers; English Governor Hamilton;
George Rogers Clarke; Capture of Kaskaskia; Of Fort Vincennes;
Hamilton sent a prisoner to Williamsburg; His rigorous treatment;
General Matthew's incursion; Suffolk burned; Thomas Jefferson,
governor; Defeat of Gates at Camden; Leslie's incursion; Saratoga
prisoners; Arnold's incursion; Proceedings in Richmond; Arnold
enters; Simcoe destroys stores at Westham; Baron Steuben; Skir-
mishes with the enemy; General Phillips takes command of the
English; Marches to Petersburg; Lafayette appointed to defend
Virginia; Phillips, after descending the river some distance, returns
to Petersburg; His death; Cornwallis advances from North Carolina;
Pursues Lafayette; Caution and skill of the Marquis; Simcoe drives
Steuben from the Point of Fork ; Tarleton seeks to capture the Legis-
lature and Mr. Jefferson; Narrow escape; Masterly movement of
Lafayette; Cornwallis retires to the seaboard; Takes post on York
and Gloucester Points; Washington advances from the north with
the combined French and American armies; French fleet enters the
Chesapeake; Siege of Yorktown; Surrender of Cornwallis; End of
the Revolutionary War
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CHAPTER V.
Peace has its dangers; Virginia's generosity; Charters of King James
I.; Domain of Virginia narrowed by charters to other states, and by
Treaty of Paris in 1763; Validity of her claim; Land Companies;
Virginia's claim disputed in Congress; Objections to it considered;
Maryland and the Confederation; Virginia's dignified protest; She
finally cedes her lands northwest of the Ohio; Extent of this gift;
Patrick Henry; British Refugees; Proposed law to encourage inter-
marriages between Whites and Indians; Resolution to incorporate
all religious societies who should apply; Act to incorporate the Pro-
testant Episcopal Church; General assessment to support Religion
proposed; Mr. Madison's memorial against it; It is rejected; Bill of
Religious Liberty; Mr. Jefferson; Memorials of Hanover Presbytery;
Bill adopted by the Legislature; Act incorporating the Episcopal
Church repealed; Capitol; Statue of Washington; Houdon the
statuary; Edmund Randolph Governor; Vices of the Confederacy;
Necessity for a new government; Forms of Civil Government con-
sidered; Ancient debate on the subject; Mixed character of British
Constitution; The conduct of America in 1787–’88 peculiar; Inci-
pient measures to secure a change in plan of Confederation; Federal
Convention in 1787; Constitution proposed; Debate in Virginia Con-
vention; Edmund Pendleton; Governor Randolph; George Nicholas;
Henry Lee; Francis Corbin; John Marshall; James Innes; James
Madison; Opposition to proposed Government; Patrick Henry;~
George Mason; James Monroe; William Grayson; Constitution
adopted by Virginia; Amendments finally secured
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CHAPTER VI.
Subsequent course of Virginia; Sometimes adverse to that of the
Federal Government; Admission of Kentucky to the Union; Memo-
rial of Quakers; Rise and progress of parties; Federalists; Republi-
cans; Foreign element; French Revolution; Its excesses; Conflict
of feeling in America; Popular sentiment in Virginia; President
Adams; His leading measures; Virginia's jealousy; Founding of
the armory at Richmond; Muskets; Cannon; Passage of the Alien
and Sedition Laws; Indignation of the Republican party in Virginia;
Legislature of 1798-'99; Resolutions written by Mr. Madison, and
offered by John Taylor, of Caroline; Animated debate; George
Keith Taylor; General Lee; Mr. Mercer; Mr. Daniel; Mr. Pope,
from Prince William; James Barbour; William B. Giles; Resolu-
tions amended and adopted; Kentucky Resolutions; George Wash-
ington's letter to Patrick Henry; Mr. Henry is elected to the
Legislature from Charlotte; He prepares to defend the Alien and
Sedition Laws; His death; Death of Washington; Session of
1799-1800; Mr. Madison's celebrated Report; Brief review of its
doctrines as subsequently explained; Their illustration in Virginia;
James Thompson Callender; His libellous pamphlet ; Judge Samuel
Chase; Holds a Federal Court in Richmond; Callender's indictment,
trial, conviction, and punishment; Virginia offers no resistance;
Election of Mr. Jefferson to the Presidency.
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CHAPTER VII.
Internal interests of Virginia; Slaves; Insurrection headed by Gabriel;
Happily defeated; Establishment of the Public Guard; Incipient
steps for the sale of the glebe lands; Act of 1799; Its character
explained; Memorials asking a sale of the glebes for the benefit of
the public; Act passed for the purpose; Its leading provisions con-
sidered; Its effect and abuses; Constitutionality of the act disputed
by the Protestant Episcopal Church; Manchester Parish case;
Death of Judge Pendleton; Argument in the Court of Appeals;
Court divided; Chancellor's decision that the law was constitutional,
affirmed; Subsequent case; Chancellor Tucker; Court of Appeals,
unanimous in sustaining the law; Complete establishment of reli-
gious liberty; Bank of Virginia chartered; Trial of Aaron Burr;
Burning of the Richmond Theatre, in 1811; Late war with Eng-
land; Virginia invaded; Admiral Cockburn; Mr. Jefferson's gun.
boats; Heroic defence of Craney Island; Hampton attacked and
taken; Horrible outrages there committed by the enemy; Excite-
ment in Richmond; Preparations for defence; Withdrawal of the
enemy; Peace in 1815; University of Virginia; Its obligations to
Mr. Jefferson; Its career; Members elected to a Convention to
amend the Constitution of the State; Their labours; Amended Con-
stitution adopted; Vote; Conflict of sentiment between the East and
West; Explained; The Southampton insurrection of slaves; Crushed;
Excitement throughout the state; Legislature of 1831-32; Case of
Johnson, Smith, and Gansey; Controversy between the Executive of