Repet. Hauft. Anodyn. addendo Tint. Thebaic. gutt. v. The 17th. He thinks himself a little better to-day, but comfiplains more of foreness and uneafinefs in his breast.

Applicetur Emplaft. Veficator. inter fscapulas.

20th. The blifter antwered well, and he is somewhat better. The 23d. His cough, ftuffing, and forenefs in his breaft, are rather worfe, attended with a very fcanty expectoration. He finds a little relief from the opening pills and the anodyne draught, but complains to-day of great languor and weakness. Omittatur Miflura mucilaginofa.

*

'Sumat Miftur. ad Afthm tic. unciam unam ter die.

Repetatur Hauft. Anodyn. & pilul. laxantes.

The 27th. Early this morning he was feized on a sudden with greater difficulty of breathing and more violent ftricture over his breaft than ufual, fo that he was fcarce able to speak. He wheezes and coughs much at times, but gets up little or no phlegm. His weakness and languor are increafed, and he has a pain in his head.

• Omittatur Miflura ad Ahmatic.

• Sumat flor. vei calc. Zinci gran. xii. bis die in Julep. commun. ‡

unc. 11.

Repetantur Haust. Anodyn. & pilul. laxant.

March 3d. He was not fick with the powder. His breathing is more free, his cough is eafier, expectoration more copious, and he finds himself stronger.

The 8th. He continues much better in his cough and difficulty of breathing, and feels no ftricture or forenes across his breaft, but complains of head-ach and fickness at times, and fays that he has been accuftomed to be bled every spring for feveral years paft.

Fiat Vena fectio ad uncias quatuor.

The 13th. He ftill breathes better, coughs but little, refts well, and is ftronger. Pulfe regular and not quick. The bleeding relieved his head-ach and fick nefs.

Sumat forum Zinci gran. viginti omni dofi.

The 17th. He is not fick with the increafed dofe of his powder: he has no return of his difficulty of breathing, and his cough has almost left him, although the weather is very unfettled, fometimes foft and wet, and fometimes frofty, with high winds.

The 20th. He is difmiffed free from complaint.'

This cafe our Author concludes to be a very evident and ftriking proof of the fuccefs of the flowers of zinc.' But we differ from him as to the juftnefs of his conclufion. The parti

* R. Acet. fcillitic. unc. ii. Oxymel fcillit. unc. iii. M.
We are forry to fee this fpecimen of our Author's Latinity.
The preparation is not defcribed.

cular

cular fpecies of afthma under which this patient laboured appears evidently to have been the convuliive, a fpecies which every one knows has its periodical remiffion, if not complete intermiffion, without the affiftance either of medicine or regimen. The state and conftitution of the atmofphere, both with refpe&t to its weight and other circumftances, have great influence upon this difeafe: the winds alfo and heat produce great changes in afthmatic people. We have known the paroxyfm withstand all the efforts of the moft fkilful phyficians, while the cold and dry north east winds have prevailed, and immediately remit when the mild and moift fouth winds have fucceeded. The continuation of the opiate and laxative pills along with the adminiftration of the zinc, muft furely be allowed to have had some effect: the opium, by diminishing the fenfibility of the nervous system, is a very powerful remedy in mitigating the violence of fpafmodic affections; the fame effect is alfo produced by the laxative medicine, which, evacuating the acrimony of the circulating fluids, renders them lefs liable to irritate the nerves. To this reafoning we shall add, that daily experience abundantly evinces the powerful effects of opiates and purges alternately adminiftered in all the most violent convulfive difeafes; and we have feen afthmas in particular confiderably relieved by their ufe.

We shall conclude this article with recommending all practitioners to guard against being too precipitate in determining the effects of a new remedy: it is an evil that hath done much harm in the practice of phyfic; witness hemlock, arfenic, and many more. Poft hoc ergo propter hoc is a falfe argument, and ought not to be relied on; although in many inftances it has given that reputation and credit to a phyfician or a remedy which nature herself had the best right to.

ART. IX. Hiftoria fuccincta Hofpitalis S. Elizebethæ, extra Muros Imperialis Monafterii S. Maximi, Ordinis S. Benediti, prope Treviros. A Short Account of the Hofpital of St. Elizabeth, &c. Large 8vo. 6s. Cadell. 1786.

THE

HE Writer of this tract ftyles himself, Humillimus Pauperum Advocatus, the most humble advocate for the Poor.' The abbey or monaftery of which he treats is very ancient, rich, and magnificent. About the year 1240, the Abbot Henry à Broich, with the confent of the whole body, founded an hofpital, and endowed it for the fole fervice of the poor, the fick, and infirm for ever; a grant which was frequently confirmed by Popes and Emperors. Large additions were also made to its poffeffions, fo that it acquired a very flourishing ftate, and was capable of answering very beneficial purpofes. To fuch purpoles the charitable inftitution was for a time applied, or when

there

there had been any neglect, fucceeding abbots and infpectors exerted, in fome inftances, an exemplary diligence for its revival and support: but, we are told, that from the beginning of the prefent age to this time, all the abbots, in number five, who are diftinctly named, have kept no account of the profits of this large and rich hofpital, and have wholly diverted them to other ufes, according to their pleafure. On account of this enormous and facrilegious fraud, the author of this pamphlet addreffes the Emperor, Jofeph II. befeeching him, as the reformer of the church, to proceed with vigour in his labours of this kind, and particularly in the prefent inftance, to plead the caufe and fuftain the rights of the poor who are fo notoriously oppreffed and defrauded.

The pamphlet is introduced by an engraving of a beautiful medallion of the Emperor, intended, it is faid, to eternize, as far as fuch memorials can, the very humane and illuftrious measures, which have been formed by his Imperial Majefty, to prevent all tyranny over confcience, to reftrain fuperftition, and to fupprefs thofe convents of Monks and religious, which are useless to the church and to the ftate. Befide this print, the feveral original deeds, which are added, have alfo engravings of the feals and various fignatures. Concerning the firit of thefe deeds, which is the decree of King Dagobert, it is remarked, that it has been preferved entire and unhurt, near, or upwards of, one thousand years.

The fteps taken by the Emperor for reforming the state of ecclefiaftical affairs in his dominions, form a very memorable part of the hiftory of the prefent time. This writer refpectfully and earneftly entreats his perfeverance. Among many quotations to the purpofe, which appear in this publication, we obferve a faying afcribed to Gregory the Great; "I acknowledge that the Emperor is given or appointed by God, not only to command the foldiers, but also to govern the priests."

Toward the close of this work is added a fhort account of Father Paul, of Venice, extracted from Morery, together with his epitaph, containing a fummary of his moft excellent character; we fuppofe it to be here inferted, as a kind of contraft to the epitaph which immediately fucceeds, being that of Willibrodus Secundus; and which prefents to our view a picture as horrible as the other is amiable.

A farther encomium on Father Paul is here given, from Hayley's poem on hiftory. The lines are tranflated into Latin by (ab amico noflro it is faid) Capel Lofft.

We conclude that the writer of this pamphlet is a foreigner, but whoever he is, he appears to be a friend to humanity, to juftice, and to liberty: in farther teftimony of which, we muft remark, that at the end of the book is inferted, a form of the oath taken by the abbot of this monaftery, in which, among other

I

other things, he fwears, Hareticos-PRO POSSE PERSEQUARHeretics I will perfecute as far as I am able, or with all my might. On this expreffion, is given a note, by way of explication, or rather of juft farcafm-That is to fay; I will not follow the doctrine of Chrift, but as far as in me lieth will act unjustly and iniquitously.

Here we take our leave of the prefent publication, with our hearty and fervent wishes for the fuccefs of all juft and wellintended endeavours to promote the civil and religious freedom of mankind, in every quarter of the habitable globe.

An English translation of the above-mentioned work is publifhed; and will be noticed hereafter.

I.

ART. X.

FOREIGN LITERATURE.

1. EXAMEN critique des Voyages, &c. i. e. A critical Examination of the Marquis de Chaftellux's Travels in North America, in which, especially, the Opinion of the Marquis, relative to the Quakers, the Negroes, and Mankind in general, are refuted. By J. P. Briffot de Warville. 8vo. 143 pages. London. 1786.

A fpirited writer here attacks the Marquis de Chaftellux, principally, for having, in the publication of his travels, exposed to ridicule, and grofly mifreprefented, the principles and manners of the people called Quakers; he alfo endeavours to fhew, that the Marquis's reflections on the flavery of the Negroes, and his thoughts on the condition of mankind, with respect to the ranks in fociety, are often unjuft. He corcludes his performance with fome obfervations on fuch other paffages in the above-mentioned travels, as appeared to him exceptionable.

M. de Warville, in refuting the calumnies which the Marquis has thrown on the Quakers, confiders, and defends, their private character, and expatiates on the ftrict morality which they not only profefs but practife; he difplays to the beft advantage their religious and political tenets; and clearly fhews, from the general, undeviating behaviour of that fect, that both their conduct and their principles are quite contrary to the character which the Marquis gives of them.

M. de Warville's language is forcible, his arguments are Ariking, if not always conclufive, and his work is replete with liberal fentiments on religious and political fubjects. His opinions on republican government, and on war, are fuch as merit the confideration of a free people. We fhall tranflate a paffage or two, for the farther fatisfaction of our Readers; fome of whom will pronounce them wild and romantic, while others will admire the spirit of liberty which guides the pen of their animated author.

REV. April, 1787.

A a

The

The true force of a republic,' fays he, confifts in the firm and unfhaken adherence of its members to their liberty and rights. Endowed with this attachment, the republican is fuperior to all other men; animated by it, he encounters and fubdues his enemies; and excited by it, he foon acquires the art of war: as a proof of which, many of the Americans, the greatest part of whom had never before handled a firelock, have become good generals; to whofe great abilities, and excellent qualities, you have yourself [addreffing the Marquis] paid a juft tribute of praise.

I firmly believe,' continues our Author, the art of war to be friendly to ariftocracy alone; and therefore it ought to be profcribed in republican governments. I fhall not indulge myfelf in thofe declamations, for the ufe of which, when treating this fubject, philofophers have been justly blamed. The facts I bring, in oppofition to you, are fupported by evident proofs.

When the art of war becomes a fcience, an additional body of men, fome of whom are conftantly employed in teaching, and the reft in learning it, is eftablifhed; and thefe become a burden to the community, becaufe, as they neither cultivate the country, nor are employed in manufactures, or trade, the people at large must maintain them.

• Military men, as a feparate body, look on themfelves as fuperior to the reft of the nation; they are apt to defpife their fellow-citizens, efpecially thofe of a more peaceable difpofition. Falfe notions are advanced ;-one party is rendered infolent, the other is vilified.

In a republic, every individual ought to be brave; he muft be born a defender of his country, born a foldier, and no other military men ought to be permitted in the ftate.

A republic ought to be as careful in not admitting perpetual military power, as they fhould be in guarding againft perpetual magiftrates, or legiflators. Perpetuity in office is the fource of war, and of corruption; and confequently, of defpotifm."

Thefe thoughts are curious, and uncommon; and they afford a fair fpecimen of the Author's republican principles, while, at the fame time, they demonftrate the general benevolence of his difpofition, and his zeal for the common rights of mankind, as fellow-citizens of a tree community. But, while he thus manifefts his penchant for republicanifm, we think he does not perfectly agree with his good friends the Quakers, who always 2ppeared, to us, to have been sturdy friends to monarchy: we do not, however, mean defpotifm, but that fpecies of monarchical government, which grows and flourishes beft in the English foil.

The objections which he makes to the work publifhed by the Marquis, being, for the most part, well fupported, cannot, we imagine, be easily answered. Should the travelled Academician attempt a reply, he will find his abilities talked to the utmost.

A tranf