PALLIOT (PETER), historiographer, printer, and book> seller to the king, and genealogist of the duchy of Burgundy, was born at Paris, March 19, 1608. In his youth he showed a taste for genealogy, and heraldic studies, in which he appears to have been instructed and encouraged by his relation, Louvain Gelliot, who published a work on armorial bearings. In his twenty-fifth year he settled at Dijon, where he married Vivanda Spirinx, the daughter of a printer and bookseller, with whom he entered into business. At his leisure hours, however, he still continued his heraldic researches, and laboured with so much perseverance in this study as to produce the following works: 1. "Le parlement de Bourgogne, avec les armoiries," &c. 1660, fol. 2. "Genealogie des comtes d'Amanze," fol. 3. "La vraie et parfaite science des Armoiries de Gelliot, avec de plus de 6000 ecussons," 1660, fol. 4. “Histoire genealogique de comtes de Chamilli." 5. "Extraits de la chambre des comptes de Bourgogne, fol. He left also thirteen volumes of MS collections respecting the families of Burgundy. It is an additional and remarkable proof of his industry and ingenuity, that he engraved the whole of the plates in these volumes with his own hand. His history of the parliament of Burgundy was continued by Petitot, and published in 1733. Palliot died at Dijon in 1698, at the age of eighty-nine.1

PALMA (JACOB), an eminent artist, born at Serinalto, in the territory of Bergamo, about the middle of the sixteenth century, was a disciple of Titian. He emulated his master's manner, but, according to Fuseli, was more anxious to attain the colour and breadth of Giorgioni. This appears chiefly in his "St. Barbara." His colouring had extraordinary strength and brightness, and his pictures are wrought to great perfection, yet with freedom, and without the appearance of labour. Vasari describes, with great fervour, a composition of the elder Palma, at Venice, representing the ship in which the body of St. Mark was brought from Alexandria to Venice. "In that grand design," he says, vessel was struggling against the fury of an impetuous tempest, and is expressed with the utmost judgment; the distress of the mariners, the violent bursting of the waves against the sides of the ship, the horrid gloom, only enlivened with flashes of lightning, and every part of the

1 Moreri.-Dict. Hist.

"the

scene filled with images of terror, are so strong, so lively, and naturally represented, that it seems impossible for the power of colour or pencil to rise to a higher pitch of truth and perfection; and that performance very deservedly gained him the highest applause." Notwithstanding this deserved praise, his pictures in general are not correct in design, and his latter works did not maintain his early reputation. He died, according to Vasari, at the age of forty-eight, but in what year is not absolutely known, although some fix it in 1588.

PALMA (JACOB), the Young, so called in contradistinction of the preceding Jacob, his great-uncle, may be considered as the last master of the good, and the first of the bad period of art at Venice. Born in 1544, he left the scanty rudiments of his father Antonio, a weak painter, to study the works of Titian, and particularly those of Tintoretto, whose spirit and slender disengaged forms were congenial to his own taste. At the age of fifteen he was taken under the protection of the duke of Urbino, carried to that capital, and for eight years maintained at Rome, where, by copying the antique, Michael Angelo, Raphael, and more than all, Polidoro, he acquired ideas of correctness, style, and effect: these he endeavoured to embody in the first works which he produced after his return to Venice, and there are who have discovered in them an union of the best maxims of the Roman and Venetian schools they are all executed with a certain facility which is the great talent of this master, but a talent as dangerous in painting as in poetry. He was not, however, successful in his endeavours to procure adequate employment: the posts of honour and emolument were occupied by Tintoretto and Paul Veronese, and he owed his consideration. as the third in rank to the patronage of Vittoria, a fashionable architect, sculptor, and at that time supreme umpire of commissions: he, piqued at the slights of Paul and Robusti, took it into his head to favour Palma, to assist him with his advice, and to establish his name. Bernini is said to have done the same at Rome, in favour of Pietro da Cortona and others, against Sacchi, to the destruction of the art; and, adds Mr. Fuseli, as men and passions resemble each other in all ages, the same will probably be related of some fashionable architect of our times.

Palma, overwhelmed by commissions, soon relaxed from his wonted diligence; and his carelessness increased when, at the death of his former competitors, and of Leonardo Corona, his new rival, he found himself alone and in possession of the field. His pictures, as Cesare d'Arpino told him, were seldom more than sketches; sometimes, indeed, when time and price were left to his own discretion, in which he did not abound, he produced some work worthy of his former fame; such as the altar-piece at S. Cosmo and Damiano; the celebrated Naval Battle of Francesco Bembo in the public palace; the S. Apollonia at Cremona; St. Ubaldo and the Nunziata at Pesaro; the Finding of the Cross at Urbino: works partly unknown to Ridolfi, but of rich composition, full of beauties, variety, and expression. His tints fresh, sweet, and transparent, less gay than those of Paul, but livelier than those of Tintoretto, though slightly laid on, still preserve their bloom. In vivacity of expression he is not much inferior to either of those masters'; and his Plague of the Serpents at St. Bartolomeo may vie for features, gestures, and hues of horror, with the same subject by Tintoretto in the school of St. Rocco: but none of his pictures are without some commendable part; and it surprises that a man, from whom the depravation of style may be dated in Venice, as from Vasari at Florence, and Zuccari at Rome, should still preserve so many charms of nature and art to attract the eye and interest the heart. He died in 1628, in the eighty-fourth year of his age.

PALMER (HERBERT), a learned and pious divine, was the second son of sir Thomas Palmer, knt. of Wingham, in Kent, where he was born in 1601. He was educated at St. John's college, Cambridge, but was afterwards chosen fellow of Queen's. In 1626 archbishop Abbot licensed him to preach a lecture at St. Alphage's church in Canterbury, every Sunday afternoon; but three years after, he was silenced, on a charge of nonconformity, for a time, but was again restored, the accusation being found trifling. Although a puritan, his character appeared so amiable that bishop Laud presented him in 1632 with the vicarage of Ashwell, in Hertfordshire, and when the unfortunate prelate was brought to his trial, he cited this as an instance of his impartiality. At Ashwell Mr. Palmer became ́ no less popular than he had been at Canterbury. In the same year

Pilkington.-D'Argenville, vol. I.

he was chosen one of the preachers to the university of Cambridge, and afterwards one of the clerks in convocation. In 1643, when the depression of the hierarchy had made great progress, he was chosen one of the assembly of divines, in which he was distinguished for his moderation, and his aversion to the civil war. He preached also at various places in London until the following year, when the earl of Manchester appointed him master of Queen's college, Cambridge. He preached several times before the parliament, and appears to have entered into their views in most respects, although his sermons were generally of the practical kind. He did not live, however, to see the issue of their proceedings, as he died in 1647, aged fortysix. Granger gives him the character of a man of uncommon learning, generosity, and politeness, and adds, that he spoke the French language with as much facility as his own. Clark enters more fully into his character as a divine. His works are not numerous. Some of his parliamentary sermons are in print, and he had a considerable share in the Sabbatum Redivivum," with Cawdry; but his principal work, entitled "Memorials of Godliness," acquired great popularity. The thirteenth edition was printed in 1708, 12mo. 1

PALMER (JOHN), à dissenting writer of the last century, was born in Southwark, where his father was an undertaker, and of the Calvinistic persuasion. Under whom he received his classical education is not known. In 1746 he began to attend lectures, for academical learning, under the rev. Dr. David Jennings, in Wellclose square, London. Soon after, leaving the academy, about 1752, he was, on the rev. James Read's being incapacitated by growing disorders, chosen as assistant to officiate at the dissenting meeting in New Broad-street, in conjunction with Dr. Allen; and on the removal of the latter to Worcester, Mr. Palmer was ordained sole pastor of this congregation in 1759. He continued in this connection till 1780, when the society, greatly reduced in its numbers, was dissolved. For a great part of this time he filled the post of librarian, at Dr. Williams's library, in Red-Cross-street. After the dissolution of his congregation he wholly left off preaching, and retired to Islington, where he lived privately till his death, on June 26, 1790, in the sixty-first year of his age. He mar

1 Clark's Lives.-Cole's MS Athenæ in Brit. Mus.-Granger. VOL. XXIV.

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ried a lady of considerable property, and during the latter years of his life kept up but little connection with the dissenters. He was a man of considerable talents, and accounted a very sensible and rational preacher.. His pulpit compositions were drawn up with much perspicuity, and delivered with propriety. He allowed himself great latitude in his religious sentiments, and was a determined enemy to any religious test whatever. Tests, indeed, must have been obnoxious to one who passed through all the accustomed deviations from Calvinism, in which he had been educated, to Socinianism.

He published, besides some occasional sermons, 1."Prayers for the use of families and persons in private; with a preface, containing a brief view of the argument for prayer," 1773, 12mo. There has been a second edition of these prayers, which are much admired by those who call themselves rational dissenters. 2. "Free thoughts on the in-. consistency of conforming to any religious test, as a condition of Toleration, with the true principle of Protestant Dissent," 1779. 3. "Observations in defence of the Liberty of Man, as a moral agent; in answer to Dr. Priestley's Illustrations of Philosophical Necessity," 1779, 8vo. As the doctor replied to it, "In defence of the Illustrations of Philosophical Necessity," Mr. Palmer published, 4. “An Appendix to the Observations in defence of the Liberty of Man, as a moral agent, &c." 1780, 8vo. The controversy terminated with "A second Letter to the rev. John Palmer," by Dr. Priestley. 5. "A summary view of the grounds of Christian Baptism; with a more particular reference to the baptism of infants; containing remarks, argumentative and critical, in explanation and defence of the rite. To which is added, a form of service made use of on such occasions," 8vo.1

PALMIERI (MATTHEW), an Italian chronicler, was born in 1405, at Florence; and after being educated under the. best masters, arrived at high political rank in the republic,. was frequently employed on embassies, and was promoted to the great dignity of gonfalonier. He died in 1475. He compiled a general "Chronicle" from the creation to his own time; of which a part only has been published, including the events from the year 447 to 1449. The first edi

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́i Life by Mr. Toulmin in Monthly Mag. for 1797.-Wilson's History of Dissenting Churches.