KLINSMNAN, E. F.-Clavis Dilleniana ad Hortum Elthamensem.

4to. Danzig.

KOTSCHY, TH.-Der westliche Elbrus bei Teheran in Nord-persien. Wien. 1861. 8vo.

pp. 46.

Giving an extended account of the botany of the region. Umrisse von Südpalästina im Kleide der Frühlingsflora. V. Z.-B. Ges. Wien. 1861. pp. 16.

Notes on the Spring-botany of Southern Palestine, visited by the author in 1855.

KOTSCHY, TH.-Die Eichen Europa's und des Orients. Liefg. vi. With 5 plates.

LACROIX, S. DE.-Des Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Moench, C. rubella, Reut. C. rubescens, Pers. C. gracilis, Gren. Bull. Soc. Bot. viii. p. 258.

LANDERER, X.-Zusammenstellung der Forstgewächse in Griechenland. Bonpl. 1861. p. 192.

LASSUS, A. DE.-Analyse du Mémoire de Gaetan Monti sur l'Aldrovandia, suivie de quelques observations sur l'irritabilité des follicules de cette plante. Bull. Soc. Bot. viii. 519.

Noting the irritability of the terminal appendages of the leaves. LECOQ.-Botanique populaire, contenant l'histoire complète de toutes les parties des plantes et l'exposé des règles à suivre pour décrire et classer les végétaux, avec application à l'agriculture et à l'horticulture. In-18 jésus, 408 p. Paris.

LEFÉVRE, ED.-Aperçu sur la flore de l'arrondissement de Chartres, Supplément. Chartres. 8vo. 1860. pp. 8.

LEMAIRE, C.-Genre nouveau de la Famille des Asparagacées. (Ext. de l'Illust. Hort. 1861.) With 1 plate.

Beaucarnea founded on three Mexican species.

LEPINE, JULES.-Note sur le Veppamarum Vembou (Azadirachta indica, Juss.) Bull. Soc. Bot. 1861. p. 95.

On the medicinal properties of the plant, and characters of an oil extracted from the seeds, &c.

LETOURNEUX, T.-Sur la Distribution Géographique des Plantes dans le Département de la Vendée et les Régions voisines. Bull. Soc. Bot. 1861. pp. 91, 124, 160.

LINDLEY, JOHN.-On Japanese Coniferae. Gard. Chron. 1861, p. 265. With a description of Veitchia, n. g.

LINDSAY, W. L.-The Flora of Iceland. 40 pp. 8vo. Ext. Phil. Ed. 1861, and Trans. Ed. Bot. Soc. vii. 114.

With a revised catalogue of species hitherto found in the island. The total number of Phanerogams is stated at 426, of which 136 are Monocotyledons. Of Cryptogams 437 species are enumerated.

LIVINGSTON, JOHN S.-Expériences sur les effets des Gaz narcotiques et caustiques sur les Plantes. Ann. Sc. Nat. iv. Ser. xiii. p. 297. Translated from the "Transactions of the Edinburgh Botanical Society."

LLANOS, FR. A.-Nuevo apéndice ó suplemento a la Flora de Filipinas del P. Fr. M. Blanco. Mem. Ac. Cien. Madrid. iv. 495.

Including descriptions of the genera Zarcoa (apparently a Briedelia, referred to Sterculiaceae), Baranda (Barringtoniaceae), Castañola (Terebinthaceae).

LLOYD, JOHN.-Isatis tinctoria. Phytol. 1861. p. 151.

On the occurrence of the plant near New Wandsworth. (The Isatis was sown by Mr. Hanbury, Ed.)

LOGIE, ALEX.-List of Plants found growing in the Neighbourhood of Hamilton, during the years 1859 and 1860. Ann. Bot. Soc. Canada, Vol. i. p. 90.

LOTHIAN, J.-Botany of Argyleshire. Phytol. 1861. 331.
LOWE, JOHN.-On the Homologies of the Floral Organs of Phanero-
gamia and the Higher Cryptogamia. Trans. Bot. Soc. Ed. vii. 215.
LUCAS, C.- Flora der Insel Wollin. Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb.
Hft. ii. p. 25.

MACVICAR, DR.-The Theory of Terminal Fructification in the Simple Plant, of Ovules and Pollen, and of Spores. Trans. Ed. Bot. Soc. vii. 13, and Ed. Phil. Journ. 1861.

MANN, G.-Account of the Ascent of Clarence Peak, Fernando Po; altitude 10,700 feet. Linn. Journ. vi. 27.

Shrubs grow to between 400 to 500 ft. of the top, amongst them a tall Erica. A large Hypericum forms the greatest part of the bush at a high elevation.

MARCHAND, LÉON.-Du Croton Tiglium. Recherches botaniques et thérapeutiques. Paris, 1861. 4to. pp. 94. 2 plates.

Recherches botaniques sur le Croton Tiglium. Baill. Rec.

d'Obs. Bot. i. 232. With 2 plates.

A minute account of the structure of the plant.

MARSSON, TH.-Ueber Corydalis pumila, Rchb. Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. ii. P. 72.

MARTINS, C.-Des circonstances qui peuvent déterminer la floraison de l'Agave americana. Bull. Soc. Bot. viii. 575.

M. Martins suggests that the flowering of the Aloe may, in certain cases, be the result of 'debilitating causes,' as a recent transplanting or mutilation.

MARTIUS, C. F. PH. VON.-Flora Brasiliensis. Fasc. xxvii. pars.

Antidesmeae (vide Tulasne), Begoniaceae (v. A. De Candolle), Celastrineae, Ilicineae, et Rhamneae (v. Reissek).

Ueber den Charakter und die Systematische Stellung der beiden Pflanzengattungen Labatia, Swartz, und Pouteria, Aubl. Münch. Sitzb. 1861. 571.

Pouteria is a spurious genus, based upon flowering specimens of a Labatia and fruits of a Tiliacea, near Sloanea.

Mourouca, Aubl., eine ächte Convolvulaceen-Gattung. p. 578. A detailed description founded on Surinam specimens of Splitgerber's. The genus is shown to be truly Convolvulaceous; the stamens alternating with the corolla-lobes, not opposite to them, as stated by Aublet.

MASON, F.-Burmah, its People and Natural Productions, &c. Including a Catalogue of Plants, with their vernacular names and native uses. Rangoon, 1860. 1 vol. 8vo.

MASTERS, M. T.-On the Normal and Abnormal Variations from an assumed Type in Plants. Rep. Brit. Ass. 1860. 112.

Remarks on the Theory of the Metamorphosis of Plants. Trans. Ed. Bot. Soc. vii. 54.

Note on an unusual mode of Germination in the Mango. Linn. Journ. vi. 24. With cuts.

Referring to two specimens in the Kew Museum. One of the cotyledons is absent in both: the plumule, in one case, gives off no shoot at all; in the other, it gives rise to three shoots from its side: adventitious roots, moreover, spring from one of the cotyledons.

On Prolification in Flowers, and especially on that Form termed Median Prolification. Linn. Trans. xxiii. 359.

European Natural Orders most frequently affected by Median Prolification (the development of an adventitious bud from the centre of the flower) are Ranunculaceae, Caryophyllaceae, and Rosaceae: it is also commonly met with in Scrophulariaceae, Primulaceae, and Umbelliferae. Mr. Masters considers plants having an 'indefinite' inflorescence to be more subject to it than those with a 'definite' one. The relation is pointed out between this deviation and the normal prolongation of the axis occurring between the whorls of the flower, or in the carpellary cavity. Instances of prolification are figured from Geum rivale, Phlomis fruticosa (in which a sessile adventitious flower-bud and a single carpel with a basilar style occupy the place of the 4-lobed ovary), Digitalis purpurea, Aquilegia, Campanula (with a free calyx, and a bud replacing the pistil), and Fuchsia.

MICHALET, EUGÈNE. Sur la Floraison des Viola de la section NOMIMIUM, de l'Oxalis acetosella et du Linaria spuria. Bull. Soc. Botan. vii. p. 465.

The structure of the so-called 'apetalous' flowers of Viola alba, Bess. is described. These are found to have minute hyaline petals, sometimes reduced to one or two in number. The anthers were never found open, even in flowers the ovary of which had been fecundated. The stigma is described as obliquely truncate and hollowed into a funnel, the lower part of which communicated directly with the cavity of the ovary. After fecundation, the canal becomes obliterated. The mode of fertilization of the ovules remains obscure. V. hirta and V. odorata present a similar structure in their 'apetalous flowers.'

In Oxalis acetosella, M. Michalet finds the ordinary pedunculate spring flowers to be succeeded by others about the size of a pin's head, very shortly pedunculate and often hypogean. The structure of these is described. The emission of pollen from the anthers has not been observed. The seeds produced by these flowers do not appear to differ from those of the first

flowering. In Linaria Elatine axes are found to develop from the lower leaf-axils which bury themselves beneath the surface, bearing flowers imperfectly developed, but not offering any remarkable structural peculiarity. Fertilization takes place as in ordinary flowers.

MIÈGEVILLE, L'ABBÉ DE.-Trisetum agrostideum, Fr. in the Pyrenées. Bull. Soc. Bot. viii. 448.

MIERS, JOHN.-Observations on the Bignoniaceae. A. N. H. 1861 Ser. 3, vol. vii. p. 153.

A minute description is given of the structure of the seeds and fruit in several genera of the Order. The former are usually provided with three distinct integuments-the outermost often expanding into a broad wing, shown to be the true testa by the passage through it of the raphe,-and an intermediate coriaceous layer, probably a development of the secundine, and a third, provided with distinct chalaza, attributed to the tercine. In reference to the carpellary structure of Bignoniaceæ, Mr. Miers advances the hypothesis that the pistil (in Eubignonieae) is composed of four plicate carpellary leaves bearing ovules, not on their margins but midribs, and confluent by the sterile margins and adjacent faces of each pair,-thus constituting a bilocular ovary. The bilobate stigma is assumed as composed of four stigmata confluent in pairs, as, according to the author, is constant in Boraginaceae, Labiatae, &c. In Catalpe, with the dissepiment of the fruit transverse to its faces, a quadricarpellary origin is also maintained, the arrangement of the carpels and the placentation being different. In the tribe Platycarpea (Miers) the pistil is normally bi-carpellary. Amphicoma Mr. Miers considers to belong to Cyrtandracea. A description is added of a Bignoniaceous fruit (referred to Tanaecium albiflorum, DC.) in the British Museum collection, remarkable from the parietal attachment of the seeds. -ibid. pp. 255-268. In Crescentiaceae, Mr. Miers regards the ovary as made up of two carpels, placentiferous on their midribs and conjoined by their thickened sterile margins. In Cyrtandreae, held of Ordinal rank, and Pedaliaceae, a similar structure of the ovary obtains. Sesameae, having an ovary normally composed of four carpels, placentiferous on their inflected margins which form a central column, the author would exclude from Bignoniales. A placenta-bearing midrib of the carpels he believes to be universal among Bignoniaceae, Crescentiaceae, Cyrtandraceae, Pedaliaceae, and Gesneraceae. Observations upon the relative position, &c. of the anther-lobes in certain genera of Bignoniaceae are given.-ibid. pp. 386 to 396. An amended description of Adenocalymna, and descriptions of five new species. -Vol. viii. pp. 111 to 120. Tanaecium is referred to Eubignoniese, near to Adenocalymna. In the remodelled diagnosis of this genus the ovary and fruit are described as bi-locular. T. parasiticum, Sw. is considered to be a Schlegelia, and truly Crescentiaceous.

MIERS, JOHN.-On the History of the Maté' Plant, and the different species of llex employed in the Preparation of the 'Yerba de Maté,' or Paraguay Tea. A. N. H. 3. Ser. viii. 219, 389.

Mr. Miers points out that several species are theiniferous, and furnish Maté tea. The Ilex Paraguayensis described by Reissek in Martius' Flora Brasiliensis' is not the plant of St. Hilaire, but made up of two species, discriminated by Bonpland, and published by Mr. Miers under his M. S. names. Several other Maté Ilices are described.

MIK, JOSEPH.-Flora der Umgebung von Olmütz. Olmütz. pp. 148. 12mo.

MILDE, DR.-Mittheilungen über die schlesische Flora. Schles. Ges. Bot. Bericht. 1860. p. 9.

MIQUEL, F. A. W.-Flora Indiae Batavae. Supplementum ii. Amsterdam, 1861. With 1 plate.

With a continuation of the list of Sumatra plants and statistical summary of the Flora. The total number of species enumerated is 2642, of which 1409 have not yet been found in Java. Monocotyledons form over one-seventh of the Phanerogamous vegetation. The catalogue is followed by descriptions of plants new to the first volume of the author's Flora Indiae Batavae.'

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The new genera described are Parapanax (Araliaceae), Gonocaryum (Phytocreneae ?), Skaphium, Inodaphnis (Thymeleaceae). Parartabotrys (Anonaceae), Trigoniastrum (Malpighiaceae), Carpophyllum, Ptychopyxis (Sterculiaceae), Anaua (Elaeocarpeae), Microsepala, Austrobuxus, Leiopyxis, Coccoceras, Tetragyne, Samaropyxis (Euphorbiaceae et aff.), Calyptroon (Aporoseae), Rhinostigma (Guttiferae), Paranephelium (Sapindaceae), Nothoprotium (Amyrideae?), Nothocnestis, Troostwykia (Connaraceae), Tetramerista (Ochnaceae ?), Strobidia (Scitamineae).

Prodromus systematis Cycadearum. 4to. Utrecht, 1861. Remarques sur la flore du sud de la Chine. Jour. Bot. Ned. 1861. 84. With descriptions of new species.

Revue des Palmiers de l'île de Sumatra. Journ. Bot. Néerland. i. p. 1.

An enumeration of species, including novelties collected by M. Teysmann. Referring to the important differences subsisting between the Flora of Sumatra and that of Java, and the relations between the former and that of the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Celebes, and the Moluccas, Prof. Miquel observes that species and genera of Palmaceae are found in Sumatra which have not yet been discovered in Java (Bentinckia, Iguanura, Calyptrocalyx, Pholidocarpus, Teysmannia), while some of them are represented

at Malacca and in the Moluccas.

p. 29.

Elodea canadensis, Rich. acclimatée dans les Eaux d'Utrecht.

With an analysis of the ash of this plant by M. Bisdom.