dense internal structure. (2.) Because being mentioned with sponges the meaning of the term anλúmias, "that which cannot be washed," is a strong argument that some sponge, useless perhaps in a commercial point of view, is indicated. It is absurd to suppose that the black Aplysias can be represented by the white or cream coloured Alcyonium digitatum, or that the Greek name should ever have been given to any species of Alcyonium; neither can the large pores attributed to the Aplysias be supposed to indicate the small depressions of the asteroid polype, thus so erroneously sought to be identified with it.* I have only one more remark to notice. "When it is remembered," we are told, "that the Alcyonium is endowed with motion and sensation, Aristotle's discussion respecting the nature of the sponge becomes intelligible." I do not see the force of this argument, because the "motion" attributed to the Alcyonium must refer, of course, to the movement of the Polypes within the cells, and not to the entire mass, which is no more endowed with locomotion than the sponge; unless Aristotle had observed the Alcyonium in a vessel of sea water or shallow rock pool, he could not have witnessed the movements of the polypes here spoken of; and if he had seen the curious spectacle he would have had no doubt of the animal nature of the substance, and would probably have made some mention of the interesting sight afforded. Aristotle's treatises on Natural History are to be understood only after long and pains-taking research; my object in publishing a paper on the subject was, as I stated, to stir up in the minds of Naturalists a desire to possess an English translation, (which, thanks to Mr. Bohn and Mr. Cresswell, we now possess), the translation and notes were expressly admitted to be provisional, and they, with the "Remarks" in the last "Review," are a striking illustration of the real difficulties a translator must experience who cautiously and honestly sets about the work.† "Aristotle distinguishes sponges under two heads, those that might be cleaned and those which could not. Of the last, he states that their substance was compact, but perforated by large canals. They were more viscous than other sponges, and when dried remained black. The description exactly applies to the common coast line sponges of the Aegean, useless for economic purposes."-Lycia, ii. p. 127. † I may state that the whole of this paper was written before I had seen either Strack's or Külb's German translation, or the "Travels in Lycia" by Spratt and Forbes. 416 Botanical Bibliography. XL.-PHANEROGAMIA. ALEFELD, Dr.-Ueber Vicieen. Bonpl. 1861. pp. 66, 99, 116, 139. With a proposed distribution of the group into tribes and sub-tribes and a Synopsis of the Species, with descriptions in German. Observations upon the germination of the Vicieae precede the descriptive portion of the paper. Ueber die beiden Orobus venosus (Mühlenb. und Al. Braun.) Bonpl. 1861, p. 211. Ueber Pisum frigidum, Alf. Bonpl. 1861. 236. Now P. formosum, the author having identified his plant with Orobus formosus of Steven. Ueber Juglans, L. Bonpl. 1861. p. 434. The American species (J. nigra, J. cinerea, &c.) constitute a distinct genus-Wallia, based upon slight differences in the pericarp. Üeber Cicer Soongoricum, Steph. p. 348. Die Embryolage einiger Papilionaceen. Bot. Zeit. 1861. p. 129. Ueber Hibiscus Lampas, Cav. Bot. Zeit. 1861. p. 297. Hibiscus Lampas, and two allied species, are raised to generic rank under the name Azanza. The author considers his new genus nearer to Thespesia and Gossypium than to Hibiscus. Ueber die Stellung der Gattung Gossypium und mehrer andrer. Bot. Zeit. 1861. p. 299. Gossypium, Fugosia, Thespesia, Sturtia, and Azanza constitute a Tribe (Gossypiidae) referred to Bombaceae. AMO, M. DEL.-Sobre la distribucion geográfica de las familias de las plantás cruciferas, leguminosas, rosáceas, salsoláceas, amentáceas, coniferas y gramineas de la Peninsula Ibérica. Mem. Ac. Cien. Madrid. V. 223. ASCHERSON, P.-Die Zweifelhaften Gefässpflanzen des Vereinsgebiets. Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. Hft. ii. p. 124. Die Wichtigeren im Jahre 1860 entdeckten und bekannt gewordenen Fundorte in der Flora des Vereinsgebiets. Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. Hft. ii. p. 159. Einige Ortsnamen im Grossherzogthum Posen die von Pflanzennamen abgeleitet sind. Bonpl. 1861. p. 35. ASHFIELD, C. J.-On the Botany of the Borders of Suffolk and Norfolk, near the source of the river Waveney. Phytol. 1861. 321. BAKER, J. G.-Curator's Report for 1860 on Botanical Exchange Club. Thirsk, 8vo. pp. 20. With remarks upon various critical British Species, and desiderata of the Club for 1861. BABINGTON, CHAS. C.-Discovery of Isoetes Hystrix in Guernsey, announced in a Letter addressed to the Secretary of the Linnean Society. Linn. Soc. Proc. V. p. 188. Grows in " damp spots on L'Ancresse Common." On the Discovery of Carex ericetorum, Poll. as a native of Britain. Linn. Journ. vi. 30. Gathered by Mr. Ball on the Gogmagog Hills, Cambridge. BAENITZ C.-Flora der östlichen Niederlausitz. Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Umgebungen von Neuzelle, Guben, Sommerfeld und Soran, zum Gebrauche auf Excursionen. Görlitz, 1861, 12mo. pp. 162. BAILLON, H.-Recherches organogéniques sur la Fleur femelle des Conifères. Ann. S. N. Ser. iv. xiv. p. 186. (Vide Vol. I. N.H.R. p. 92.) 50. Organogenic Researches on the Female Flower of the Coniferae (trans.) Ed. Phil. Journ. N.S. xiii. p. 184, with 1 plate. Genera Euphorbiacea tria nova. Rec. d'Obs. Bot. i. p. Payeria, Hasskarlia, and Sagotia are the genera described. Species Euphorbiacearum. A. Euphorbiacées Africaines, pp. 58, 139, 251. Bureava and Mareya are the new genera described. Some remarks are added upon the African species of Croton. Sur le Nectar sécrété par les glandes septales d'une Broméliacée. p. 87. With treatment, by re-agents, of the nectar. No analysis is given. Mémoire sur le Développement des Fleurs à Couronne. P. 90. The genera treated of are Peliosanthes, Narcissus, and Pancratium. In opposition to the view of M. Gay, the author states that the corona at its first appearance is totally independent of the androecium, and that it is an expansion of the receptacle. Énumération des Euphorbiacées cultivées dans les jardins botaniques de Paris. pp. 104, 340. Organogénie florale de Xanthium. p. 117. Description d'une Flacourtianée nouvelle. p. 120. p. 124. With observations on the fecundation, &c. of Mercurialis, Bryonia, and Coelebogyne, which the author does not consider to offer true Parthenogenesis. Observations organogéniques pour servir à l'histoire des Referring to the Organogeny of Monnina and Muraltia. Referring to the buds borne upon the inferior ovary of Cacta ceae, the author suggests whether horticulture might not imitate what in the case of this group occurs spontaneously. Dr. Baillon obtained young plants from the axils of the "ovarian" leaves from cross sections of the ovary of a Jussiaea placed under glass. BAILLON, H.-Generum novorum quatuor descriptio. p. 184. The genera are Tandonia, Gavarretia, Wurtzia, and Regnaldia; -all Euphorbiaceous. Recherches sur l'organisation et le Développement des Éricoidées. p. 189. Including Monotropeae, Pyrolaceae, Ericineae, Cyrilleae, Epacrideae, Humiriaceae, and Sarraceniaceae. Note sur une nouvelle espèce du genre Sorocea. p. 212. Mémoire sur le développement du Fruit des Morées. p. 214. Sur une Bruyère a Gynécée monstrueux et sur le Placenta normal de quelques Éricinées. p. 287. Note sur un Paradoxe de régularité dans les fleurs de la Limoselle. 305. The occurrence of regular tetramerous flowers in Limosella aquatica, the posterior sepal being aborted and the two posterior lobes of the corolla connate. Mémoire sur la Symetrie et l'organogénie florale des Marantées. P 306. With an account of the floral organogeny of Thalia dealbata; the development of the flower in Calathea, Stromanthe and Maranta is described as agreeing with it in essential points. The author regards the Marantaceae as having a regular double perianth, and three stamens in one verticil, each opposed to a segment of the corolla. Of these stamens, usually two, sometimes one, or exceptionally all three, split above, in the part corresponding to the anther, one division only becoming fertile and pollen-bearing. The arilliform thickening of the ovules of Marantaceae is due to a swelling of the primine. Expériences relatives à l'absorption des Liquides par les Feuilles. p. 328. With statements of the quantity of water absorbed by the leaves, plunged into vessels containing it while still attached to the tree. Observations sur les Ovules des Anémones et de quelques autre Renonculacées. p. 334. 1. On the occurrence of ovules, abortive at an early stage in the development of the pistil, in Anemone and Adonis. 2. M. Baillon believes the Hellebores to have ovules with but a single coat, in opposition to M. Barnéoud's opinion that in all Ranunculaceae there are two. 3. The relative position of the micropyle, affording a character distinguishing Ranunculaceae from Dilleniaceae. 4. Memorandum on the two minute lateral glands at the base of the connective in Anemone and some Berberideae suggesting that they may represent leaflets of a (compound) staminal leaf. BAILLON, H.-Note sur un Lys et un Oeillet Monstrueux. p. 338. In each case the floral axis had elongated bearing numerous leaflets, the sexual organs being abortive. Organogénie florale des Roxburghiées. p. 245. With brief observations on the affinities of the group. No. 1208 of Preiss's New Holland Collection, regarded as a new generic type. Études sur l'Anatomie, la Physiologie et le Développement des Tiges et des Racines. p. 298 1. Lemna minor, showing its entirely cellular structure. 2. Asparagus officinalis, detail of the anatomy of the stem and root. Recherches sur l'organisation, le developpement et l'anatomie des Caprifoliacées. p. 353. The genera are grouped under 6 types, viz.-With regular flowers: 1. Leycesterieae, stamens 5: cells of ovary pluri-ovulate. 2. Sambucineae, stamens 5: cells of ovary 1-ovulate. 3. Symphoricarpeae, stamens 5: cells of ovary 4, 2 1-ovulate, 2 pluri-ovulate. With irregular flowers: 1. Lonicereae, stamens 5 cells of ovary pluri-ovulate. 2. Triosteae, stamens 5: cells of ovary 1-ovulate. 3. Linnæeæ, stamens 4: ovary cells 3, 2 pluri- and 1 1-ovulate. The wood structure of the Honeysuckle is described. Organogénie florale du Sésame. Rec. d'Obs. Bot. ii. 1. Monographie des Phyllanthus (continued), ii. 13. Observations sur l'Antholoma, Labill. p. 21. The structure of the flower is described. The author agrees with Planchon in referring the genus to Elæocarpeae. Analyses are figured. Species Euphorbiacearum.-A. Euphorbiacées Africaines. 2me partie (suite), p. 27. An enumeration, with descriptions of novelties. Sur l'émission des tubes polliniques des Helianthemum, p. 56. Pointing out the development of pollen-tubes, from grains of pollen remaining on the surface of the anthers after dehiscence. These tubes are directed toward the stigma, and bridging over the intervening space, curve and find their way into the stigmatic papillae. Sur une nouvelle espèce du genre Menarda, p. 60. BALFOUR, J. H.-Observations on Temperature in connection with Vegetation, having special reference to the Frost of December, 1860. With a Report on the effects of the late Frost on the Plants in the Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburgh, by J. McNab. Trans. Ed. Bot. Soc. vii. 58. |