Elia Capitolina founded on Mount Sion, by Hadrian, ii. 66.
Elius Patus, his Tripartite, the oldest work of Roman jurisprudence, v. 319. Emilianus, governor of Pannonia and Mæsia, routs the barbarous invaders of the empire, and is declared empe- ror by his troops, i. 283. Eneas of Gaza, his attestation of the miraculous gift of speech to the Ca- tholic confessors of Tipasa, whose tongues had been cut out, iv. 409. Eneas Sylvius, his account of the im- practicability of an European crusade against the Turks, viii. 166. His epi- gram on the destruction of ancient buildings in Rome, 270. note. Era of the world, remarkable epochas in, pointed out, v. 111. note.
- Gelalæan, of the Turks, when set- tled, vii. 180.
Aerial tribute, in the Eastern empire, what, v. 76. Etius, surnamed the Atheist, his charac- ter and adventures, iii. 25. 35. 52. note.
The Roman general under Valen- tinian III. his character, iv. 212. His treacherous scheme to ruin count Bo- niface, 213. Is forced to retire into Pannonia, 224. His invitation of the Huns into the empire, 233. Seizes the administration of the Western empire, 267. His character as given by Rena- tus a contemporary historian, 268. Em- ploys the Huns and Alani in the de- fence of Gaul, 269. Concludes a peace with Theodoric, 273. Raises the siege of Orleans, 283. Battle of Chalons, 286. His prudence on the invasion of Italy by Attila, 295. Is murdered by Valentinian, 301.
Africa, its situation and revolutions, i. 29. Great revenue raised from, by the Romans, 179. Progress of Christiani- ty there, i. 127.
Is distracted with religious discord in the time of Constantine the Great, iii. 3. Character and revolt of the Cir- cumcellions, 67. Oppressions of, un- der the government of count Roman- us, 286. General state of Africa, 291.
Revolt of count Boniface there, iv. 213. Arrival of Genseric king of the Vandals, 216. Persecution of the Do- natists, 217. Devastations of, by the Vandals, 220. Carthage surprised by Genseric, 225. Persecution of the Ca- tholics, 399.
Expedition of Belisarius to, v. 121. Is recovered by the Romans, 134. The government of, settled by Justinian,
135. Revolt of the troops there, un- der Stoza, 249. Devastation of the war, 252.
Invasion of, by the Saracens, vi. 372. Conquest of, by Akbah, 377. De- cline and extinction of Christianity there, 403 Revolt and independence of the Saracens there, 460. Aglabites, the Saracen dynasty of, vi. 460.
Aglae, a Roman lady, patronises St. Bo- niface, ii. 208.
Agricola, review of his conduct in Bri- tain, i. 5.
Agriculture, great improvement of, in the western countries of the Roman em- pire, i. 59. State of, in the Eastern empire, under Justinian, v. 63. Ajax, the sepulchre of, how distinguish- ed, ii. 226.
Aiznadin, battle of, between the Saracens and the Greeks, vi. 332. Akbah, the Saracen, his exploits in Afri- ca, vi. 377.
Alani, occasion of these people invading Asia, i. 363. Conquest of, by the Huns, iii. 335. Join the Goths who had emigrated into Thrace, 355. See Goths, and Vandals.
Alaric, the Goth, learns the art of war under Theodosius the Great, iii. 442. Becomes the leader of the Gothic re- volt, and ravages Greece, iv. 31. He escapes from Stilicho, 35. Is appoint- ed master general of the Eastern Illy- ricum, 36. His invasion of Italy, 39. Is defeated by Stilicho at Pollentia, 44. Is driven out of Italy, 48. Is, by trea- ty with Honorius, declared master ge- neral of the Roman armies throughout the præfecture of Illyricum, 69. His pleas and motives for marching to Rome, 82. Encamps under the walls of that city, 84. Accepts a ransom, and raises the siege, 111. His negoti- ations with the emperor Honorius, 113. His second siege of Rome, 117. Places Attalus on the imperial throne, 119. Degrades him, 121. Seizes the city of Rome, 123. His sack of Rome com- pared with that by the emperor Charles V. 131. Retires from Rome, and ravages Italy, 133. His death and burial, 135.
Alaric II. king of the Goths, his over- throw by Clovis king of the Franks, iv. 435.
Alberic, the son of Marozia, his revolt, and government of Rome, vi. 209. Albigeois of France, persecution of, vii.
Alboin, king of the Lombards, his histo- ry, v. 382 His alliance with the Avars against the Gepidæ, 384. Reduces the Gepida, 385. He undertakes the con- quest of Italy, 386. Overruns what is now called Lombardy, 389. Assumes the regal title there, 390. Takes Pa- via, and makes it his capital city, ib. Is murdered at the instigation of his queen Rosamond, 391.
Alchemy, the books of, in Egypt, destroy-
ed by Diocletian, i. 411.
Aleppo, siege and capture of, by the Sara- cens, vi. 350. Is recovered by the Greeks, 466. Is taken and sacked by Tamerlane, vii. 13.
Alexander III. pope, establishes the pa- pal election in the college of cardi- nals, viii. 197.
Alexander, archbishop of Alexandria, ex- communicates Arius for his heresy, iii.
Alexander Severus, is declared Cæsar by the emperor Elagabalus, i. 165. Is raised to the throne, 167. Examina- tion into his pretended victory over Artaxerxes, 234. Shewed a regard for the Christian religion, it. 185. Alexandria, a general massacre there, by order of the emperor Caracalla, i. 152. The city described, 315. Is ruined by ridiculous mtestine commotions, 316. By famine and pestilence, 317. Is be- sieged and taken by Diocletian, 409. The Christian theology reduced to a systematical form in the school of, ii. 124. Number of martyrs who suffer- ed there in the persecution by Decius, 170.
The theological system of Plato taught in the school of, and received by the Jews there, iii. 8. Questions concerning the nature of the trinity, agitated in the philosophical and christian schools of, 11. 16. History of the archbishop St. Athanasius, 37. Outrages attending his expulsion and the establishment of his successor, George of Cappadocia, 54. The city distracted by pious factions, 60. Dis- graceful life and tragical death of George of Cappadocia, 163. Restora- tion of Athanasius, 167. Athanasius banished by Julian, 168 Suffers great- ly by an earthquake, 312.
History of the temple of Serapis there, ii. 461. This temple, and the famous library, destroyed by bishop Theophilus, 463.
Is taken by Amrou the Saracen, vi. 363. The famous library destroyed,366.
Alexius Angelus, his usurpation of the Greek empire, and character, vii. 311. Fles before the crusaders, 328. Alexius I. Comnenus, emperor of Con- stantinople, vi. 131. New titles of dignity invented by him, vii. 19. Bat- tle of Durazzo, 132. Solicits the aid of the emperor Henry III. 136.
Solicits the aid of the Christian princes against the Turks, vii. 195. His suspicious policy on the arrival of the crusaders, 220. Exacts homage from them, 222. Profits by the suc- cess of the crusaders, 256.
Alexius II. Comnenus, emperor of Con- stantinople, vi. 138.
Alexins Strategopulus, the Greek general, retakes Constantinople from the La- tins, vii 375.
Alexius, the son of Isaac Angelus, his escape from his uncle, who had depo- sed his father, vii. 312. His treaty with the crusaders for his restoration, 322 Restoration of his father, 332. His death, 337. Alfred sends an embassy to the shrine of St. Thomas in India, vi. 57. Algebra, by whom invented, vi. 438. Ali, joins Mahomet in his prophetical mission, vi. 264. His heroism, 277. His character, 294. Is chosen caliph of the Saracens, 296. Devotion paid at his tomb, 301. His posterity,
Aligern, defends Cumæ, for his brother Te.as, king of the Goths, v. 278. Is reduced, 279.
Allectus murders Carausius, and usurps his station, i. 404. Allemanni, the origin and warlike spirit of, i. 290. Are driven out of Italy by the senate and people, 291. Invade the empire under Aurelian, 332. Are totally routed, 334. Gaul delivered from their depredations by Constan. tius Chlorus, 407.
Invade and establish themselves in Gaul, ii. 369. Are defeated at Stras. burgh by Julian, 374. Are reduced by Julian in his expeditions beyond the Rhine, 380. Invade Gaul under the emperor Valentinian, iii. 269. Are reduced by Jovinus, 271. And chastis- ed by Valentinian, 273.
Are subdued by Clovis king of the Franks, iv. 423.
Alp Arslan, sultan of the Turks, his reign, vii. 170.
Alypius, governor of Britain, is com-
missioned by the emperor Julian to re- build the temple of Jerusalem, iü. 149.
Amala, king of the Goths, his high cre- dit among them, i. 274. Amalasontha, queen of Italy, her history and character, v. 148. Her death, 151.
Amalphi, description of the city, and its commerce, vii. 123.
Amazons, improbability of any society of, i. 349. note.
Ambition, reflections on the violence, and various operations of that passion, vi, 149.
Ambrose, St. composed a treatise on the trinity, for the use of the emperor Gratian, iii. 387. note. His birth and promotion to the archbishopric of Milan, 412. Opposes the Arian wor- ship of the empress Justina, 413. Refuses obedience to the Imperial power, 417. Controuls the emperor Theodosius, 433, 434. Imposes pen- ance on Theodosius for his cruel treat- ment of Thessalonica, 435. Employ- ed his influence over Gratian and Theodosius, to inspire them with maxims of persecution, 449. Oppo- ses Symmachus, the advocate for the old Pagan religion, 455. Comforts the citizens of Florence with a dream, when besieged by Radagaisus, iv.
Amida, siege of, by Sapor king of Per- sia, ii, 364. Receives the fugitive in- habitants of Nisibis, iii. 229. Is be- sieged and taken by Cabades king of Persia, v. 99.
Amir, prince of Ionia, his character and passage into Europe, vii. 474. Ammianus, the historian, his religious
character of the emperor Constantius, iii. 34. His remark on the enmity of Christians toward each other, 70. His account of the fiery obstructions to restoring the temple of Jerusalem, 151.
His account of the hostile con- test of Damasus and Ursinus for the bishopric of Rome, 268. Testimony in favour of his historical merit, 373. His character of the nobles of Rome, iv. 92.
Ammonius, the mathematician, his mea- surement of the circuit of Rome, iv. 106.
Ammonius, the monk of Alexandria, his martyrdom, vi. 15.
Amorium, siege and destruction of, by the caliph Motassem, vi. 452. Amphilocus, bishop of Iconium, gains the favour of the emperor Theodosius by an orthodox bon mot, iii. 396.
Amphitheatre at Rome, a description of, i. 388. viii. 274.`
Amrou, his birth and character, vi. 357. His invasion and conquest of Egypt, 358. His administration there, 369. His description of the country,
Amurath I. sultan of the Turks, his reign, vii. 478.
Amurath II. sultan, his reign and charac- ter, viii. 99.
Anachorets, in monkish history, describ ed, iv. 387. Anacletus, pope, his Jewish extraction, viii. 207. Anastasius I. marries the empress Ari- adne, v. 5. His war with Theodoric, the Ostrogoth king of Italy, 18. His economy celebrated, 72. His long wall from the Propontis to the Euxine, 93. Is humbled by the Catholic clergy, vi. 38.
Anastasius 11. emperor of Constantino. ple, vi. 92. His preparations of de- fence against the Saracens, 413. Anastasius, St. his brief history and mar- tyrdom, v. 456. note.
Anatho, the city of, on the banks of the Euphrates, described, iii. 190. Andalusia, derivation of the name of that province, vi. 385. note.
Andromicus, president of Lybia, excom. municated by Synesius bishop of Pto- lemais, ji. 430, 431. Andronicus Commenus, his character, and first adventures, vi. 138. Seizes the empire of Constantinople, 146. His unhappy fate, 148.
Andronicus the elder, emperor of Con stantinople, his superstition, vii. 423. His war with his grandson, and abdi- cation, 428.
Andronicus the younger, emperor of Con- stantinople, his licentious character, vii. 425. His civil war against his grandfather, 427. His reign, 430. Is vanquished and wounded by sultan Or- chan, 472. His private application to pope Benedict of Rome, viii. 43. Angora, battle of, between Tamerlane and Bajazet, viii. 17.- Anianus, bishop of Orleans, his pious anxiety for the relief of that city when besieged by Attila the Hun, iv. 280. Anician family at Rome, brief History of, iv. 87.
Anne Commena, character of her history of her father, Alexius I. emperor of Constantinople, vi. 131. Her conspi racy against her brother John, 133.
Anthemius, emperor of the West, his de- scent and investiture by Leo the Great, iv. 339. His election confirmed at Rome, 340. Is killed in the sack of Rome by Ricimer, 356. Anthemius, præfect of the East, charac- ter of his administration, in the minor- ity of the emperor Theodosius the younger, iv. 194. Anthemius, the architect, instances of his great knowledge in mechanics, v. 82. Forms the design of the church of St. Sophia at Constantinople, 84. Anthony, St. father of the Egyptian monks, his history, iv. 372. Anthropormorphites, among the early Christians, personifiers of the Deity, vi. 8.
Antioch, taken and destroyed by Sapor king of Persia, i. 304. Flourishing state of the Christian church there, in the reign of Theodosius, ii 123.
-, History of the body of St. Babylas, bishop of, iii. 161. The cathedral of, shut up, and its wealth confiscated by the emperor Julian, 162. Licentious manners of the citizens, 176. Popular discontents during the residence of Ju- lian there, 178.
Sedition there, against the empe- ror Theodosius, iii. 427. The city par doned, 430.
Is taken, and ruined, by Chosroes king of Persia, v. 224. Great destruc- tion there by an earthquake, 297. Is again seized by Chosroes II. 454.
, Is reduced by the Saracens, and ransomed, vi. 351. Is recovered by the Greeks, 466.
-, Besieged and taken by the first crusaders, vii. 233.
Antonina, the wife of Belisarius, her cha- racter, v. 118. Examines and con- victs pope Sylverius of treachery, 171. Her activity during the siege of Rome, 173. Her secret history, 187. Founds a convent for her retreat, 290. Antoninus, a Roman refugee at the court of Sapor king of Persia, stimulates him to an invasion of the Roman pro- vinces, ii. 361.
Antoninus Pius, his character and that of Hadrian compared, i. 8. Is adopted by Hadrian, 86.
Antoninus Marcus, his defensive wars, i. 10. Is adopted by Pius at the instance of Hadrian, 86. His character, 94. His war against the united Germans, 265. Suspicious story of his edict in favour of the Christians, ii. 182. Aper, Arrius, prætorian præfect, and fa- ther-in-law to the emperor Numerian, VOL. VIII.
is killed by Diocletian as the presump. tive murderer of that prince, i. 392. Apharban, the Persian, his embassy from Narses king of Persia, to the emperor Galerius, i. 420.
Apocalypse, why now admitted into the canon of the Scriptures, ii. 84. note. Apocaucus, admiral of Constantinople, his confederacy against John Cantacu- zene, vii. 433. His death, 437. Apollinaris, bishop of Laodicea, his by- pothesis of the divine incarnation of Jesus Christ, vi. 9.
Apollinaris, patriarch of Alexandria, but- chers bis flock in defence of the Ca- tholic doctrine of the incarnation, vi. 68. Apollonius of Tyana, his doubtful charac- ter, i. 343. note.
Apotheosis of the Roman emperors, how this custom was introduced, i. 78. Apsimar dethrones Leontius emperor of Constantinople, and usurps his place, vi. 89.
Apulia, is conquered by the Normans, vii. 111. Is confirmed to them by papal grant, 116.
Aquileia, besieged by the emperor Maxi-
min, i. 205. Is taken and destroyed by Attila king of the Huns, iv. 292. Aquitain, is settled by the Gochs, under their king Wallia, iv. 156. Is con- quered by Clovis king of the Franks, iv. 438.
Arabia, its situation, soil, and climate, vi. 221. Its division into the Sandy, the Stony, and the Happy, 223. The pas- toral Arabs, ib. Their horses and ca- mels, 224, 225. Cities of, 226. Man- ners and customs of the Arabs, 227. Their language, 234. Their benevo- lence, 236. History and description of the Caaba of Mecca, 238. Reli- gions, 241. Life and doctrine of Ma- homet, 243. Conquest of, by Maho- met, 280. Character of the caliphs, 312. Rapid conquests of, 314. Lim- its of their conquests, 408. Three ca liphs established, 430. Introduction of learning among the Arabians, 434, Their progress in the sciences, 436. Their literary deficiencies, 440. De. cline and fall of the caliphs, 458. Arbetio, a veteran under Constantine the
Great, leaves his retirement to oppose the usurper Procopius, iii. 250. Arbogastos, the Frank, his military pro- motion under Theodosius in Gaul, and conspiracy against Valentinian the Younger, iii 440. Is defeated by The- odosius, and kills himself, 445. Arcadius, son of the emperor Theodosius, succeeds to the empire of the East, iv.
Aristotle, his logic better adapted to the detection of error, than for the disco- very of truth, vi. 438.
Arius, is excommunicated for heretical notions concerning the Trinity, iii. 17. Strength of his party, ibid. His opi- nions examined in the council of Nice, 20. Account of Arian sects, 24. Coun- cil of Rimini, 28. His banishment and recal, 31. His suspicious death, 32.
The Arians persecute the Catho- lics in Africa, iv. 399. Armenia, is seized by Sapor king of Per- sia, i. 302. Tiridates restored, 412. He is again expelled by the Persians, 416. Is resigned to Tiridates by treaty be- tween the Romans and Persians, 423. -
Is rendered tributary to Persia, on the death of Tiridates, ii. 315. Cha- .racter of Arsaces Tiranus, king of, and his conduct toward the emperor Ju- lian, iii. 185. Is reduced by Sapor to a Persian province, 294.
Its distractions and division be- tween the Persians and the Romans, iv. 204.
History of Christianity there, vi.
Armies of the Eastern empire, state of, under the emperor Maurice, v. 442. Armorica, the provinces of, form a free government independent of the Ro- mans, iv. 159. Submits to Clovis king of the Franks, 428. Settlement of Bri- tons in, 474.
Armour, defensive, is laid aside by the Romans, and adopted by the Barbari- ans, iii. 448.
Arnold of Brescia, his heresy, and his tory, viii. 178.
Arragon, derivation of the name of that province, i. 22. note.
Arrian, his visit to, and description of, Colchos, v. 234.
Arsaces Tiranus, king of Armenia, his character, and disaffection to the em- peror Julian, iii. 185. Withdraws his troops treacherously from the Roman service, 206. His disastrous end, 294. Arsenius, patriarch of Constantinople, ex- communicates the emperor Michael Palæologus, vii. 403. Faction of the Arsenites, 404.
Artaban, king of Parthia, is defeated and slain by Artaxerxes king of Persia, i.
Artaban, his conspiracy against the em peror Justinian, v. 267. Is entrusted
with the conduct of the armament sent to Italy, 270.
Artasires, king of Armenia, is deposed by the Persians at the instigation of his own subjects, iv. 206.
Artavasdes, his revolt against the Greek
emperor Constantine V. at Constanti- nople, vi. 162.
Artaxerxes, restores the Persian monar- chy, i. 221. Prohibits every worship but that of Zoroaster, 228. His war with the Romans, 234. His character and maxims, 237. Artemius, duke of Egypt under Constan tius, is condemned to death under Ju- lian, for cruelty and corruption, iii. 110.
Arthur, king of the Britons, his history
obscured by monkish fictions, iv. 475, Arvandus, prætorian præfect of Gaul, his trial and condemnation by the Roman senate, iv. 350.
Ascalon, battle of, between Godfrey king of Jerusalem, and the sultan of Egypt, vii. 247.
Ascetics, in ecclesiastical history, account of, iv. 371.
Asclepiodatus reduces and kills the Bri- tish usurper Allectus, i. 405. Asia, summary view of the revolutions
in that quarter of the world, i. 219. Asia Minor described, i. 27. Amount of
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