(REVISED) UNIVERSAL CYCLOPÆDIA: A SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR TREASURY OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE. ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS, PLANS, AND ENGRAVINGS. EDITORS-IN-CHIEF. FREDERICK A. P. BARNARD, S. T. D., LL.D., L. H. D., M. N. A. S., PRESIDENT OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE, NEW YORK; ARNOLD GUYOT, PH.D., LL.D., M. N. A. S., PROFESSOR OF GEOLOGY AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, COLLEGE OF NEW JERSEY. ASSOCIATE EDITORS. MARTIN B. ANDERSON, A. M., LL.D., President of the University of Rochester, N. Y.; Col. U. S. Engineers, Bvt. Major-Gen. U. S. A.; President of Beloit College, Wisconsin; HENRY DRISLER, A. M., LL.D., Jay Professor of Greek, Columbia College; Professor of Municipal Law, Columbia College; Late Pastor Third Unitarian Society, N. Y. City; Prof, of Zoology, Columbian University, Washington, D. C.; Fisher Professor of Natural History, Harvard University; Founder of the New York Tribune; SAMUEL S. HALDEMAN, A. M., LL.D., M. N. A. S., Ed. of The Journal of Speculative Phil., St. Louis, Mo.; Late Secretary of Smithsonian Institution; JOHN LE CONTE, A. M., M. D., LL.D., S. B. LUCE, Prof. of Physics, Univ. of California; GEORGE P. MARSH, LL.D., M. N. A. S., Late Minis. Plenipo. of U. S. at Rome, Italy; JOHN S. NEW BERRY, M. D., LL.D., M. N. A. S., Professor of Surgery, Columbia College, Med. Dept. ; Baldwin Prof. of Sacred Lit., Union Theol. Sem., N. Y.; AINSWORTH R. SPOFFORD, LL.D., WILLIAM STAUNTON, S. T. D., Of Georgia, Member 43d Congress, U. S. A.; Formerly Editor of the Methodist, New York; Late Professor of Syst. Theol., Vanderbilt Univ., Tenn.; Vice-Provost of the University of Penn.; ASSISTANT EDITORS. PORTER C. BLISS, A. M., L. P. BROCKETT, A. M., M. D., GEORGE CHASE, LL.B., CLARENCE Cook, Complete in Eight Royal Octavo Volumes, including Appendis. VOL. III. FEAST HERRING. (TESTIMONIALS AT THE END OF LAST VOLUME.) NEW YORK: A. J. JOHNSON & CO., 11 GREAT JONES STREET, NEAR BROADWAY. MDCCCLXXXVI. COPPER-PLATE MAPS ESPECIALLY ENGRAVED FOR JOHNSON'S CYCLOPÆDIA. ENTERED ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS, IN THE YEAR ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-FIVE, 3 BURR PRINTING HOUSE, 18 JACOB ST., New York. BOUND BY JOHN SOMERVILLE, New York. CONTRIBUTORS TO THE THIRD VOLUME OF JOHNSON'S UNIVERSAL CYCLOPÆDIA. (REVISED.) Abbe, Prof. Cleveland, M. A., Washington, D. C., Abbot, Henry L., M. N. A. S., Willett's Point, N. Y., Allen, Elisha H., Esq., Honolulu, Late Chief Justice of Hawaiian Islands. Allen, Frederick D., Ph. D., Cincinnati, O., Professor of Greek in the University of Cincinnati. Anderson, Martin B., A. M., LL.D., President of the University of Rochester, N. Y. Late Prof. of New Testament Greek in Baptist Theol. Sem. Foreign Editor of New York Commercial Advertiser. Austin, Coe F., Esq., Closter, N. J. President of Columbia College, N. Y. Barnard, John G., A. M., LL.D., M. N. A. S., Late Col. U. S. Engineers, Bvt. Major-Gen. U. S. Army. Benton, Col. James G., U. S. Ordnance. Associate Editor Army and Navy Journal, New York. Clark, Alonzo, M. D., New York, Comfort, George F., A. M., Syracuse, N. Y., Prof. of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Harvard University. Author of Hand-Book of British Fungi. Col. U. S. Engineers, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. U.S. A. Prof. of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Medical Depart- Darlington, William, Esq. Late Rear-Admiral U. S. N. Former Librarian of Columbia College. Dawson, Benjamin F., M. D., New York. Bishop, J. B., Esq., New York, New York Tribune. Professor of Chemistry, University of Nashville. Brand, Rev. William F., A. M., Emmerton, Md., Day, E. C. H., Esq., New York, De Peyster, Gen. J. Watts, A. M., New York. Professor Emeritus of Clinical and Military Surgery, Medical Dixon, W. J., Esq., London, England. Professor of Political History and Public Law, Columbia Col- Drisler, Henry, A. M., LL.D., Cameron, Henry C., Ph. D., D. D., Princeton, N. J., Professor of Greek in College of New Jersey. Jay Professor of Greek, Columbia College. Dwight, Theodore W., A. M., LL.D., Professor of Municipal Law, Columbia College, N. Y. Chandler, Charles F., Ph. D., M. D., LL.D., M. N. A. S., Eaton, Daniel C., M. A., New Haven, Conn., Prof. Anal. Chem., School of Mines, Columbia College, N. Y. Professor of Botany, Yale College. |