guidance. The party were proceeding in fine spirits, when on the 10th of October, the rear of the company was attacked by a strong party of Indians, who killed six of the men; and among them the eldest son of Daniel Boone. The Indians were repulsed, and fled; but in the mean time the cattle appertaining to the sojourning party were dispersed; the relatives of the deceased greatly affected; and the whole of the survivors so disheartened, that it was thought best and most prudent to retreat to the settlements on Clinch River, about forty miles from the scene of action.

This being accomplished without any further disaster, Daniel Boone remained with his family until June 1774, when he was solicited by the governor of Virginia, to repair to the Rapids of the Ohio, to conduct from thence a party of surveyors, whose longer stay was rendered peculiarly dangerous, by the increasing hostility of the Indians. This service was undertaken by Boone, who with Michael Stoner, as his only companion, traversed the pathless regions between-reached the place of destination with great celerity, and thence safely conducted the surveyors home. -Having in the short space of sixtytwo days, completed a tour of eight hundred miles on foot.

This year there were open hostilities between the Virginians and the Indians, northwest of the Ohio. Daniel Boone, being then in Virginia, was ordered by the governor to take the command of three contiguous garrisons on the frontier, with the commission of captain. The campaign of that year, after a battle, terminated in peace, and the militia were discharged from the garrisons. Captain Boone being now at leisure; and colonel Henderson and company, of North Carolina, having matured their project of purchasing the lands on the south side of the Kentucky, from the southern Indians, he was solicited by them to attend the treaty, proposed to be held at Wataga, in March, 1775; and tʊ negotiate and conclude a purchase of the country south of Kentucky River, the bounds of which were described to him. This service was accepted, and executed by Boone-who soon afterwards, at the request of the same company, undertook to make a road from the settle

ments on Holston to the Kentucky River, by the best practicable route. This duty was also performed with great promptitude and despatch, notwithstanding the ruggedness of the way, and the repeated attacks of the Indians, in which Boone had four of his men killed, and five wounded. Arrived on the southern bank of the Kentucky, in the first of April, 1775, Boone, with the survivors of his party, began to erect a fort at a salt-spring, where Boonesborough now stands. While building this fort, which employed the feeble party till the succeeding June, one man was killed by the Indians, who continued to infest the party, until the fort was completed.

This fort consisted of a block-house, and several cabins, enclosed with palisades. This being done, capt. Boone returned to Clinch River, and soon after moved his family to the first garrison in the country, as his wife and daughter were the first white women ever known in Kentucky.

Captain Boone, having given to the new population of Kentucky a permanent establishment, and placed his own family in Boonesborough, felt all the solicitude incident to his situation, to insure its defence, and to promote its prosperity. We find him in 1776, pursuing with eight men only a party of Indians, who had made several prisoners at Boonesborough, and gallantly rescuing them from captivity.

In 1777, he sustained two sieges in Boonesborough, with all the determined firinness of inherent courage, and all the vigilance of an active and enterprising officer.

It would be unnecessary, were it practicable to particularize the assistance which he gave to emigrants, either on the road, or after their arrival, when the activity of his zeal and the humanity of his character are recollected and duly appreciated. Suffice it to say, that he was accustomed to range the country as a hunter, and as a spy; and that he frequently would meet the approaching travellers on the road, and protect, or assist them into the settled parts of the country.

Captain Boone, relieved from one kind of service, was ever ready to engage in another, for the relief of the garrisons, or the service of the country-on the first of January, 1778, he

the fort-gate, and the articles formally digested, and signed by the parties, in the presence of many Indians, who were standing about with an unusual appearance of solicitude. But this was the moment for crowning the stratagem with success. Boone and his companions, were told by the leaders of the opposite party, that among Indians, it was customary for them upon occasions like the present, to evince the sincerity of their friendship, by two Indians shaking each white man by the hand. This was also assented to, and immediately two Indians approached each white man, and taking his hand, instantly grappled him, with intent to drag him off a prisoner. On this occasion the defensive instinct required not to be prompted, by the effect of deliberation; but each man at the same moment, by an instantaneous effort, extricated himself, and from the midst of hundreds of the savages, who discharged a heavy fire, all escaped into the fort without injury, except one man, who was wounded.

Having failed in this stratagem, the enemy commenced the premeditated attack on the fort, which they kept up with little intermission, for nine days, and which was well returned by the garrison, directed by captain Boone.

In the meantime, the enemy began to undermine the fort, which stood on the bank, about sixty yards from the margin of the Kentucky River; and this new mode of attack may without doubt, be ascribed to the Frenchmen, who were with them. This mine was commenced in the bank of the river, and was discovered by the muddy water, which continued to pass down from the place; indicating the solution of new earth thrown into it. The object of this measure could not be doubted, and captain Boone ordered that a trench should be opened inside of the fort, so as to intersect the subterranean canal of the enemy; and the earth, as taken up, was thrown over the fort-walls. By this the enemy were apprised of what was going on within, and desisted from their mining project. Being now convinced that they could not effect the conquest of the place, by either open force or secret fraud, and their stock of provisions being nearly exhausted, on the 20th of August they raised the siege, and aban

doned the object of their grand expedition; and with it, the last hopes of the campaign.

During this siege, the most formidable that had ever taken place in Kentucky-from the number of Indians, the skill of the commanders, the fierce and savage countenances of the warriors, made even more dreadful by art, than by nature; the effect of which was augmented ten-fold, by the yell, and the war hoop; there were only two men killed in the garrison, and four others wounded. On the part of the savages, they had thirty-seven killed, and many wounded; who were, agreeably to custom, immediately removed.

After the siege, the people of the garrison picked up one hundred and twenty-five pounds weight of bullets, that had fallen on the ground, besides those which stuck in the fort.

This seems to have been the last effort of the Indians to take Boonesborough. In the autumn of this year, captain Boone went to North Carolina in pursuit of his wife, who during his captivity with the Indians, despairing of his return, had removed to her fa ther's house. In 1780, he returned, and re-settled himself at Boonesborough.

every book printed in the company (and not having been before printed) to the University of Oxford. This however seems to be confined to the publications of the Company in its Corporate capacity, and could in no case extend to those which might proceed from individuals unconnected with it.

Soon after the Restoration, in the year 1662, was passed the Act for preventing Abuses in printing seditious, treasonable, and unlicensed books and pamphlets, and for regulating of printing and printing presses;' by which, for the first time, it was enacted, that every printer should reserve three copies of the best and largest paper of every book new printed, or reprinted by him with additions, and shall, before any public vending of the said book, bring them to the Master of the Company of Stationers, and deliver them to him; one whereof shall be delivered to the keeper of His Majesty's library, and the other two to be sent to the vice chancellor of the two Universities respectively, to the use of the public libraries of the said Universities. This Act was originally introduced for two years, but was continued by two Acts of the same Parliament till 1679, when it expired

It was, however, revived in the 1st year of James II.; and finally expired in 1695.

It has been stated by Mr. Gaisford, one of the curators of the Bodleian Library, that there are several books entered in its register, as sent from the Stationers Company subsequent to the expiration of that Act;' but it is probable that this delivery was by no means general, as there are no traces of it at Stationers Hall, and as Hearne, in the preface to the Reliquiæ Bodleianæ, printed in 1703, presses for benefactions to that library as peculiar ly desirable, since the Act of Parliament for sending copies of books, printed by the London booksellers, is expired, and there are divers wanting for several years past.'

During this period, the claim of au* Upon reference to the continuing Act of 17 Ch. II, c. 4, the clauses respecting the delivery of the three copies appear to be perpetual; yet it should seem that they were not so considered, not being adverted to in the Act of Anne.

thors and publishers to the perpetual Copyright of their publications, rested upon what was afterwards determined to have been the common law, by a majority of nine to three of the Judges, on the cases of Millar and Taylor in 1769, and Donaldson and Becket in 1774. Large estates have been vested in Copyrights; these Copyrights had been assigned from hand to hand, had been the subject of family settlements, and in some instances larger prices had been given for the purchase of them (relation being had to the comparative value of money) than at any time subsequent to the Act of the 8th of queen Annet. By this Act, which in the last of these two cases, has since been determined to have destroyed the former perpetual Copyright, and to have substituted one for a more limited period, but protected by additional penalties on those who should infringe it, it is directed, that nine copies of each book that shall be printed or published, or reprinted and published with additions, shall, by the printer, be delivered to the warehouse keeper of the Company of Stationers, before such publication made, for the use of the Royal Library, the libraries of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the libraries of the four Universities of Scotland, the library of Sion College, in London, and the library belonging to the Faculty of Advocates at Edinburgh.

From the passing of this Act until the decision of the cases of Beckford and Hood in 1798, and of the University of Cambridge and Bryer, in 1813, it was universally understood, that neither the protection of copyright, nor the obligation to deliver the eleven copies, attached to the publication of any book, unless it was registered at Stationers Hall, an act which was considered as purely optional and unnecessary, where it was intended to abandon the claim for copyright; and in conformity to this construction, the Act of 41 Geo. III. expressly entitled the libraries of Trinity College, and the King's Inn, Dublin, to copies of such books only as should be entered at Stationers Hall.

Birch, in his Life of Archbishop Tillotson, states, that his widow, after his death in 1695, sold the copyright of his unpublished sermons for 2,500 guineas.