speeches and fireworks September 7. The principal speakers were Judge J. L. Green-who presided-A. G. Thurman and S. S. Cox.

A large Union meeting was held in the Capitol Square September 14 ; speakers, S. Galloway and William Dennison. Sheridan's victory in the Valley was announced just as the meeting was closing. A Democratic meeting held in the Courthouse yard July 24 was addressed by S. S. Cox Another Democratic meeting held at the Courthouse August 23 was addressed by Matthias Martin, George L. Converse, John G. Edwards and others. A grand Union rally was held in the Capitol Square October 8. A large street parade was one of the conspicuous features of the occasion. The principal speaker was Horace Maynard, of Tennes

see.

Otto Dresel having resigned his seat in the General Assembly, the Democrats nominated A. G. Hibbs and the Union party Henry Emrich, to succeed him. The special election took place December 28, and resulted in the election of Hibbs.

1865.

On February 7 Governor Brough received a dispatch from the President announcing that twothirds of all the States had adopted the thirteenth amendment to the National Constitution, abolishing slavery. At noon the two Houses of the General Assembly met jointly in the Representatives' Chamber and exchanged congratulations upon this event. Speeches were made by Governor Brough and Speaker Johnson. At five P. M. a salute of 100 guns was fired on the Capitol Square. A State Convention of County Clerks was held in Columbus January 7, and one of County Sheriffs, January 19. February 22 was celebrated by a banquet given at the Neil House by the Hamilton County members of the General Assembly to the officers and legislators of the State in honor of the anniversary and also in commemoration of the fall of Charleston. The oratorical efforts of the occasion were numerous.

The Union State Convention was held June 17, General William B. Woods presiding, both temporarily and permanently. Nominations: Governor, General Jacob Dolson Cox; Lieutenant-Governor, Andrew G. McBurney; Treasurer, Sidney S. Warner; Supreme Court Judges, Jacob Brinkerhoff and John Welsh; Attorney-General, William H. West; School Commissioner, John A. Norris; Board of Public Works, James Moore; Supreme Court Clerk, Rodney Foos. State Executive Committee, George B. Wright, James Williams, A. B. Buttles, J. J. Janney, B. R. Cowen, Merrill Barlow, J. W. Dwyer. The convention was addressed by William B. Woods and R. C. Schenck; its music was furnished by a colored band from Chattanooga.

The Democratic State Convention was held at the Atheneum August 24; C. L. Vallandigham was its temporary, and R. P. Ranney, its permanent chairman. Speeches were made by Messrs. Vallandigham, Ranney, Thurman, Morgan, Pendleton and Sawyer. Nominations: Governor, George W. Morgan; LieutenantGovernor, William Lang; Supreme Court Judges, P. Van Trump and Thomas M. Key State Treasurer, George Spence; Attorney-General, David W. Wilson; School Commissioner, H. H. Barney; Board of Public Works, Charles Boesel; Supreme Court Clerk, S. Daner. State Executive Committee: John G. Thompson, Amos Layman, E. F. Bingham, A. G. Thurman and W. W. Webb. The Franklin Democratic Association was organized October 28; President, A. G. Thurman; Vice President, E. F. Bingham; Secretaries, John G. Thompson and Jacob Lohrer; Treasurer, Newton Gibbons.

Governor John Brough died at Cleveland August 29; Lieutenant-Governor Charles Anderson was inaugurated as Governor August 30.

1866.

General J. D. Cox was inaugurated as Governor January 9. The ceremonies took place in the rotunda of the Capitol whither General Cox was escorted by the Fourth Regiment of Veteran Reserves. The oath of office was administered by Chief Justice Brinkerhoff. John Sherman was nominated for National Senator by the Republican caucus January 17. The rival candidates for the nomination were R. C. Schenck and John A. Bingham. A lecture on the National Debt was delivered before the Franklin Democratic Association January 6 by George W. Morgan. January Eighth was celebrated by the Democracy at Naughton Hall, Hon. William Allen presiding. The principal speakers were A. G. Thurman, G. W. Morgan, G. H. Pendleton, L. R. Critchfield, F. H. Hurd, C. H. Vallandigham, Charles Follett and Barnabas Burns.

During the latter part of 1864 Lambdin P. Milligan, William A. Bowles and Stephen Horsey, citizens of Indiana, were arrested, tried by a military commission, condemned and sentenced to be hung for alleged conspiracy against the National Government. On June 1, 1865, the day before that appointed for their execution, President Johnson commuted their sentence to life imprisonment in the Ohio Penitentiary. On April 10, 1866, L. P. Milligan was discharged on writ of haebeas corpus issued by the Probate Judge of Franklin County, Hon. John M. Pugh. The attorney who procured the writ was Milligan's fellowtownsman, J. T. Coffroth. Pending additional proceedings to obtain the release of Bowles and Horsey, their discharge from further custody was telegraphically ordered by the War Department.

The Democratic State Convention was held at Naughten Hall May 24; temporary chairman, H. J. Jewett; permanent, A. G. Thurman. Nominations: Secretary of State, Benjamin Le Favor; Supreme Court Judge, Thomas M. Key; Board of Public Works, William Larwill. Speeches were made by Messrs. Jewett, Thurman and Vallandigham.

The Union State Convention was held at the Atheneum June 20; temporary chairman, George Hoadly; permanent, Peter Odlin. Nominations: Secretary of State, William H. Smith; Supreme Court Judge, Josiah Scott; Board of Public Works, John M. Barrere. State Executive Committee: B. R. Cowen, James Williams, George B. Wright, Henry Miller, Rodney Foos, L. J. Critchfield and Isaac Aston. A Soldiers and Sailors' State Union League was organized at Naughton Hall June 21. Resolutions were passed favoring the equalization of bounties. Hon. William Dennison, who had resigned from the Johnson cabinet, arrived from Washington August 10, and was formally welcomed by a deputation of citizens to the residence of R. E. Neil where, on introduction by L. J. Critchfield, he delivered an extended Anti-Johnson speech.

A socalled Johnson State Convention, to choose delegates to a National Convention of the same political complexion, to be held at Philadelphia, assembled at Naughton Hall August 7. E. Bassett Langdon presided temporarily, S. A. Strickland permanently. The delegates-at-large appointed were L. D. Campbell, J. B. Steedman and William S. Groesbeck. Among the speakers were J. H. Geiger and John M. Connell. A socalled National Union (Johnson) Club was organized in Columbus August 14; President, John Geary; Executive Committee, S. Henkle, G. S. Innis, A. W. Dolson, C. W. Carter, John Geary, J. H. Studer and John Van Yorx. A Central Union Club was organized August 24; President, Starling Loving. A National Union (Johnson) Convention was held at Philadelphia August 14; temporary chairman John A. Dix; permanent, Senator Doolittle. The opening Union meeting of the campaign took place at the Atheneum August 11; speakers, Jacob D. Cox and Samuel Shellabarger. A delegation of

southern loyalists, who had been in attendance upon an Anti-Johnson convention at Philadelphia, was received by the Union Club September 21, and participated, the same evening, in a political meeting at the West Front of the Capitol. An introductory address was delivered on this occasion by L. J. Critchfield. Governor Cox presided. A county convention of late Union soldiers was held at the City Hall September 22 for the purpose of choosing delegates to a National Convention of Anti-Johnson soldiers to be held at Pittsburgh, September 25. Frederick Douglas was formally received by the colored people of Columbus September 22. In the evening he addressed a large audience, white and black, at Naughton Hall. His remarks mostly related to the subject of "negro suffrage," which he declared to be "the question of the hour."

A political reception and welcome were given to General B. F. Butler October 4; reception committee, R. Burr, W. T. Reese, W. G. Deshler, C. N. Olds, Peter Ambos, James Patterson, George B. Wright, Royal Taylor, Theodore Comstock, W. H. Day, W. J. Fell, Starling Loving. George T. Metcalfe and T. Lough. The city was liberally decorated and a large parade took place, John G. Mitchell chief marshal. A salvo of artillery was fired upon Butler's arrival. From a platform erected on the East Terrace he was introduced by L. J. Critchfield, and addressed a large audience. He was followed by S. Shellabarger and S. Galloway. An additional meeting, accompanied by a torchlight parade, took place in the evening.

A Democratic meeting ratifying the action of the Johnson Convention at Philadelphia was held September 10; chairman, John Geary; speakers, A. G. Thurman, R. P. L. Baber, J. H. Geiger, Judge Rankin and others.

President Andrew Johnson, accompanied by Secretaries Welles and Seward, Generals Grant, Steedman, Rousseau, McCallum and Custer and Admiral Farragut visited Columbus September 12. The movements of this distinguished party awakened much popular curiosity, and drew an immense crowd which exhibited a great deal of noisy enthusiasm. The escort, including the Columbus Zouaves, the City Council, the Fire Department and the Fenian Society, was led by General C. C. Walcutt, chief marshal. On the East Terrace, where a platform was erected, the President was welcomed by Mayor Bull. After the welcome Mr. Johnson delivered an extended argument in support of his political policy. After the meeting the party was banqueted at the Neil House; no speeches. The ladies. of the President's party were Mesdames Farragut, Welles, Custer, Patterson, Greer, Gooding and McGuinness. The party left for Cincinnati on the morning of the thirteenth, escorted to the railway station by the City Council and Hemmersbach's band.

1867.

The Democratic State Convention was held in Columbus, January 8; temporary chairman, J. N. Christian; permanent, G. H. Pendleton. Nominations: Governor, A. G. Thurman; Lieutenant-Governor, Daniel S. Uhl; Treasurer, C. Fulton; Auditor, John McElwee; Attorney-General, Frank II. Hurd; Supreme Court Judge, Thomas M. Key; Comptroller, William Sheridan; Board of Public Works, Arthur Hughes. Among the speakers were W. M. Corry and C. L. Vallandigham. A political "jubilee was held at the Neil House in the evening, George W. McCook presiding.

The Union State Convention assembled in the Atheneum June 19; a preliminary meeting, S. Loving presiding, was held at the West Front June 18. The chairman of the convention was R. C. Schenck. Nominations: Governor, R. B. Hayes; Lieutenant-Governor, Samuel Galloway; Supreme Court Judge, John Welsh; Auditor, James H. Godman; Treasurer, S. S. Warner; Attorney-General, W. H.

West; Comptroller, M. R. Brailey; Board of Public Works, Philip Herzing. State Executive Committee: B. R. Cowen, James Williams, Henry Miller, C. C. Walcutt, J. W. Dwyer, Rodney Foos, James Taylor. Samuel Galloway declining the nomination for Lieutenant Governor, the State Central Committee met at Columbus July 10 to nominate another candidate. The committee organized by electing Thomas L. Young chairman and Alfred E. Lee secretary. General J. D. Cox, Attorney-General West and other prominent Republicans addressed the meeting. General John C. Lee of Tiffin was nominated.

The Union Club was reorganized June 14 and held frequent meetings during the canvass; President, Starling Loving. A Central Democratic Club was also organized and was publicly addressed on various occasions. A proposed amendment striking the word "white" from the suffrage clause of the State Constitution, and disfranchising deserters and "bountyjumpers" was the principal issue of the year in Ohio. A State convention of colored citizens to endorse and support this amendment was held at Naughten Hall July 3, Moses W. Walker temporarily, and John Watson permanently presiding. Various meetings of the local colored element to further the interests of the amendment were also held. A Union mass meeting at the West Front August 27 was addressed by Hon. O. P. Morton. General P. H. Sheridan transiently visited the city September 19, having just come from his command at New Orleans. Many buildings were decorated in his honor. Schuyler Colfax addressed a large audience at the West Front September 23. A very large Democratic mass meeting was held September 30. It was addressed by S. S. Cox, C. L. Vallandigham, D. W. Voorhes and F. H. Hurd.

The chief marshal of the street procession was Frederick Beck. One of the organizations taking part in the parade was that of the White Boys in Blue, organized September 26; Commander, I. H. Marrow. A Grand Guard of White Boys in Blue, with 500 members enrolled, was organized September 27. A Democratic "jollification" over the results of the election took place November 9, accompanied by a parade of the White Boys in Blue. E. F. Bingham presided; principal speakers, A. G. Thurman and R. P. L. Baber.

NOTES.

1. Ohio State Journal report.

2. Then on North High Street, about where the Chittenden Hotel now stands. 3. The name Republican, dropped during the war, had not yet been resumed by the party which had borne it at the outbreak of the Rebellion.

CHAPTER XXIX.

POLITICAL EVENTS; 1868-1889.

1868.

Governor R. B. Hayes was inaugurated January 13. The weather being very cold, although the skies were clear, the ceremonies took place in the rotunda. The Governorelect was escorted from his residence on State Street to the Capitol by the Sherman Guards, holding the right of the column, and the Emmitt Guards holding the left. At the rotunda the proceedings were opened with prayer by Reverend Doctor Trimble, after which the new Governor delivered his inauguaral address and the oath of office was administered to him by Chief Justice Day. The ceremonies being concluded, Governor Hayes received the congratulations of his friends at the Executive Chamber.

The election of Allen G. Thurman to the National Senate was finally announced in the General Assembly January 15. W. H. Smith resigned the office of Secretary of State January 14; his successor, by appointment, was John Russell, of Champaign County. On January 20 a Pendleton Club, with Allen G. Thurman as president, was organized. Its purpose was to advance the interests of George H. Pendleton as a candidate for the National Presidency. The election of John Beatty to Congress at a special election in the Eighth District was the occasion for a Republican "jollification" meeting, at which speeches were made by J. W. Keifer, B. F. Potts, S. Galloway and others. A Grant Club - the first in the city was organized March 7.

The Republican State Convention assembled at the Atheneum March 4; temporary chairman, A. G. McBurney; permanent, John C. Lee. The resolutions adopted proposed General U. S. Grant for the Presidency and B. F. Wade for the Vice Presidency, and commended the attempted impeachment of President Andrew Johnson. Nominations: Secretary of State, Isaac R. Sherwood; Supreme Court Judge, William White; Board of Public Works, James Moore; School Commissioner, John A. Norris; Supreme Court Clerk, Rodney Foos; Electors-at-large, David Tod and Samuel Galloway. The Democratic State Convention, H. J. Jewett presiding, made the following nominations: Secretary of State, Thomas Hubbard; Supreme Court Judge, William E. Finch; Board of Public Works, Arthur Hughes; School Commissioner, J. F. Kirkwood; Supreme Court Clerk, John M. Webb. State Executive Committee: E. F. Bingham, T. S. Shepherd, W. P. Brown, W. W. Webb, F. Jaeger.

The Republican National Convention assembled at Chicago May 21- Carl Schurz temporarily and Joseph R. Hawley permanently presiding and nominated U. S. Grant for President and Schuyler Colfax for Vice President. The Democratic National Convention - John A. McClernand temporarily and Wil