ica." The President of the Day then declared the Exposition duly opened, Rev. Dr. W. E. Moore pronounced a benediction, and the audience dispersed.

On September 5, which was called Welcoming Day, Ex-President R. B. Hayes presided, and an address, preceded by music and an invocation by Rev. Dr. Joseph M. Trimble, was delivered by General William H. Gibson. After General Gibson's, further addresses were delivered, in the order named, by Governor Brackett of Massachusetts, Governor Lounsbury of Connecticut, Hon. Frank H. Hurd of Toledo, and Senator L. G. Palmer of Michigan. On September 6, which was called Pioneer Day, Mr. J. E. St. Clair, of Columbus, presided, and after prayer by Rev. Daniel Horlocker, delivered an address of welcome. Mr. St. Clair was followed by Judge W. J. Gilmore, of Columbus, who spoke eloquently of the Ohio pioneers. Rev. Dr J. M. Trimble also delivered an interesting address on pioneer topics. An Old Folks Singing Class, of Bellefontaine, dressed in the costumes of sixty years ago, interspersed the exercises with appropriate music. In the afternoon a poem was read by M. V. Lawrence of Chillicothe, and a further address was delivered by Judge Taylor, of Chardon, then aged ninety years.

Other special days were celebrated during the exposition, in the following succession:

2.

Catholic Societies' Day, September 7, 1888. Address by Rt. Rev. Bishop Watterson.
Old Army Reunions, September 12.

Grand Army Campfire, September 13. Speeches by General W. H. Gibson and

3.

4.

others.

5.

Patriotic Order of Sons of America, September 17.

others.

6.

State Bar Association, September 19. Speeches by Judge Allen G. Thurman and

7. Grangers' and Farmers' Day, September 20. Speeches by Col. J. H. Brigham, General S. H. Hurst, Mr. S. H. Ellis and Mr. F. A. Derthick.

9. Emancipation Jubilee Day, September 22. Addresses by Rev. James Poindexter, and Bishop B. W. Arnett. Poem, J. Madison Bell.

10. Labor Day, September 24.

11. Methodist Episcopal Church Day, September 25. Addresses by Hon. Mills Gardner, General S. H. Hurst, Doctor Whitlock and General William H. Gibson.

12. Sunday School Day, September 26.

13. School Children's Day, September 27. Elocutionary contest and competitive spellingschool.

14. Ohio Teachers' Day, September 28. Addresses by James H. Fairchild, Oberlin ; Professor W. B. Bodine, Gambier; Hon. John Eaton, Marietta; Doctor N. S. Townshend, State University; Doctor John Hancock, Chillicothe; Miss Maria Jaques, Dayton. 15. Commercial Travelers' Day, September 29.

16. Presbyterian Church Day, October 2. Addresses by President S. F. Scoville, Rev. W. E. Moore, Rev. R. C. Galbraith, Rev. G. P. Hays.

17. Grocers' Day, October 3.

18.

Odd Fellows' Day, October 4. Speeches by Mayor Bruck, F. R. Gay, of Findlay ; W. S. Bell, Zanesville.

19. Ancient Order of United Workmen, October 5.

20. Columbus Day, October 9.

21. Improved Order of Ked Men, October 10.

22. Prohibition Day, October 11. Speeches by Ex-Governor Clinton B. Fisk, Rev. M. N. Bennett.

23. Woman's Christian Temperance Union, October 12. Addresses by Miss Susan B. Anthony, Ex-Governor C. B. Fisk, Miss Emma Willard.

24. Locomotive Engineers, Firemen and Switchmen, October 16.8

NOTES.

The following description of this singular triumph of a Columbus mechanic's skill and patience appeared in the Ohio Statesman of May 3, 1842:

"The great zodiac will describe a circle of more than fortyeight feet, while Herschel, being thrown off the table, will describe a circle of sixtysix feet. The celestial sphere is about four feet eight inches in diameter, which contains the sun, Mercury, Venus, the earth and the moon. The superior planets are placed upon the outside of the sphere and are to run horizontally at all times, making their regular periodicals around the sun in their regular periods; also Jupiter, Saturn and Herschel, having their satellites revolving around them in their proper order with their inclinations to the plane of the ecliptic; also Saturn, with his two concentric rings, with their proper inclinations, retaining at the same time their proper direction. The armillary sphere is a beautiful structure, and is a great addition to the orrery, over and above the first effort of Mr. Russell. This plane sphere contains about five hundred cog wheels, large and small, principally brass. The whole machine will weigh about one ton and a half, composed principally of cast and wrought iron and brass, having but little wood about it."

The machine produced eightyone separate motions.

2. The counties represented were Brown, Belmont, Champaign, Clark, Crawford, Delaware, Fairfield, Fayette, Franklin, Hamilton, Henry, Highland, Hocking, Jefferson, Knox, Licking, Lorain, Madison, Montgomery, Marion, Muskingum, Perry, Pickaway, Portage, Preble, Richland, Ross, Summit, Union and Wayne. Among the delegates were M. L. Sullivant, R. E. Neil, David Nelson, S. Baldwin, Samuel Medary and John Bishop, of Franklin; Governor M. Bartley of Richland, J. P. Kirtland of Cuyahoga and Allen Trimble of Highland.

3. The statements here made as to this meeting are taken from manuscript kindly submitted to the author by Hon. Norton S. Townshend. From the same scource the following list of Presidents of the Board, in the order of their service, has been derived: Allen Trimble, M. L. Sullivant, Arthur Watts, Samuel Medary, R. W. Musgrove, James T. Worthington, W. H. Ladd, Alexander Waddle, J. M. Millikin, Norton S. Townshend, Alexander Waddle, D. E. Gardner, T. C. Jones, Norton S. Townshend, N. J. Turney, W. B. McClung, Daniel McMillen, James Fullington, J. W. Ross, William Lang, James Buckingham, L. G. Delano, R. C. Cannon. S. Harmount, J. B. Jamison, J. M. Pugh, B. W. Carlisle, L. B. Wing, D. L. Pope, R. Baker, W. N. Cowden, W. S. Foster, C. D. Bailey, L. N. Bonham, J. H. Brig ham, John Pow, and J. G. Russell.

5. This Fair was described by Mrs. Frances D. Gage, in a series of communications to the Ohio State Journal entitled "Letters Out of the Kitchen."

6. The members of this committee were W. A. Platt, A. A. Bliss, John Miller, William Dennison, B. B. Blake, S. Medary, W. A. Gill, J. D. Osborn, L. Buttles, J. W. Milligan, A. P. Stone, D. T. Woodbury, L. Hoster, H. Crary and Uriah Stotts.

7. Premiums were awarded to Miss McElhenny, of Hamilton Township, Mrs. Phelps of Blendon, Mrs. Williams of Hamilton, and Mrs. Stambaugh of Franklin

8. In reference to the finances of the Exposition the Ohio State Journal of December 17, 1888, contained the following statement:

"The committee on centennial disbursements held a meeting Saturday, closed up their affairs and will file their report and papers with the secretary of the Loard today. The committee have raised $78,386.08 and disbursed all but $18.07, which they turn over to D. S. Gray chairman of the Finance Committee of the General Council, together with $290.18 of notes and $2.575.50 of uncollected accounts to apply on the G. A. R. deficit of $11,400. The total subscription is $80,093, including the amount thus far paid on the deficit of the G. A. R. Council. The uncollected subscriptions amount to $2,565.50, or less than 4 per cent., and a part of this balance will be paid by the subscribers still delinquent. The centennial commission secured of the amount collected $22,986, the Ohio National Guard encampment $2,000, the G. A. R. council $51,612.30, and expense account $1.769.71.

CHAPTER XXII.

BOARD OF TRADE.

On Saturday, July 17, 1858, a meeting of business men was held at the City Hall. Not only Columbus but Groveport, Lockbourne, Shadeville, Winchester and other neighboring towns were represented. The meeting organized by electing Theodore Comstock chairman and J. B. Bortle secretary. The object of the assembly, as stated by its chairman, was to organize a society to be known as the Board of Trade of the City of Columbus. The intended purposes of this proposed society, the chairman further stated, were "to promote integrity and good feeling and just and equitable principles in business transactions," and to "protect the rights and advance the commercial, mercantile and manufacturing interests of the city." After this statement the meeting proceeded to organize an association of the character described, and elected the following officers to serve until July 1, 1859: President, H. Fitch; Vice President, J. R. Paul; Secretary, John B. Bortle; Treasurer, S. S. Rickly; Directors, J. F. West of Shadeville, A. H. Paul of Groveport, M. C. Whitehurst of Winchester and Theodore Comstock, Jacob Rickly, Louis Zettler and James O'Kane of Columbus; Committee on Arbitration, Samuel Sharp of Groveport, J. W. Pence of Lockbourne, A. S. Decker, J. H. Stage and R. Main. The directors were instructed to procure suitable rooms for exchange and business meetings of the association, and a committee was appointed to draft a constitution and supplementary bylaws to be submitted at the next meeting. After this we hear of daily meetings of the Columbus Board of Trade, between nine and two o'clock, at its rooms in the Deshler Block on the corner of High and Town streets.

On January 4, 1859, the Board appointed delegates to a convention of forwarders and others interested in the canals of Ohio, to be held in Columbus on the sixth of the ensuing June. At the same time the Board adopted a series of resolutions, one of which read as follows:

That in the opinion of this Board a sale or lease of the canals of this State would result in widespread ruin to a very large number of our citizens, a very great decrease of taxable property upon the duplicate and deprivation of a home market for the products of our soil and manufactures.

This association, apparently the pioneer of its kind, soon disappeared from the current chronicles of the city. Its existence was doubtless brief. It is evident,

however, that the need of some such organization continued to be recognized, for, on June 23, 1866, a meeting of citizens called for the purpose of organizing a Board of Trade for the city was held. C. P. L. Butler was appointed chairman of this meeting and James M. Comly Secretary. A committee of five was appointed to file with the Secretary of State a certificate drawn and signed as follows:

We the undersigned citizens of the State of Ohio, and residing or doing business in the City of Columbus, do hereby associate ourselves together as a Board of Trade of the City of Columbus, to be located and situated in the City of Columbus, County of Franklin and State of Ohio, where its business is to be transacted.

The objects of the said association are to promote integrity and good faith, just and equitable principles of business; to discover and correct abuses; to establish and maintain uniformity in commerical usages; to acquire, preserve and disseminate valuable business statistics and information; to prevent or adjust controversies or misunderstandings which may arise between persons engaged in trade; and generally to foster, protect and advance, the commercial, mercantile and manufacturing interests of the city, in conformity with an act of the General Assembly of the State of Ohio entitled an act to authorize the incorporation of Boards of Trade and Chambers of Commerce," passed April 3, 1866.

66

Andrew Wilson, Junior, A. Kelley, D. S Gray, C. S. Dyer, J. M. Comly, W. A. Neil, E. E. Shedd, John L. Gill, C. P. L. Butler, Theodore H. Butler, James Patterson, W. J. Fell, Luther Donaldson, John Miller. A. J. Rigre, H A. Rushmer, C. W. Douty, G. W. Huffman, J. H. McColm, H. Bancroft, T. R. Carpenter, N. B. Marple, William Richards, F. M. Holmes, Jared Forsman, John G. Thompson, Thomas Robinson, James Lindsey, E. A Fitch, Starling Loving, D. W. H. Day, R. E. Coyle, J. L. Gill, Junior, G. W. Gill, John B. Peters, S. S. Rickly, S. M. Smith, W. A. Gill, Junior, J. G. Neil, Richard Nevins, E. G. Field, R. D. Harrison, George B. Wright, J. M. Westwater, W. Westwater, D. A. Randall, I. C. Aston, R. E. Champion, W. R. Thrall, H. H Kimball, W. H. Akin, William H. Reed, A. P. Griffin, F. C. Sessions, William A. Platt, Cyrus E. McComb, I. A. Hutchinson.

A proposition to amend the name of the association by adding the words "and Franklin County," was rejected. A certificate of incorporation was obtained, and at a subsequent meeting held June 30, a constitution of seventeen articles was submitted and adopted. In pursuance of this constitution officers were elected as follows: President, W. B. Brooks; Vice Presidents, Jared Forsman, James Patterson, Theodore H. Butler, James S. Abbott, J. M. Westwater, Earl E. Shedd; Secretary, James M. Comly; Treasurer, C. N. Bancroft. Committees on arbitration, reference and inspection were appointed. The meeting adjourned subject to the call of the President.

Speaking of this movement the Ohio State Journal of July 31, 1869, then edited by General Comly, said:

Columbus needs a Board of Trade. There are questions of comity between wholesale and retail dealers continually arising of which no written law takes cognizance, but frequently of as much importance to the trade of the city as matters regulated by statute. So long as we have no Board we shall never have a clean wholesale trade, protecting the interests of the retail customers fully and properly. There is also another great grievance complained of by the local trade. Agents of foreign houses are constantly selling on our streets by sample, competing a' an advantage with our houses, which pay municipal and State taxes. The State and the city are both deprived of their just rights by these dealers, who have no local habitation or name among us. Our dealers who pay rents and add to the business reputation of the city by tasteful storerooms, and who pay taxes to State, county and city,