"Upon consultation with Major-General A. E. Burnside, commander-in-chief of this Military Department, I learn from him that he has not subject to his command a secure place in which to keep the principal officers of said band. I have therefore tendered to the Federal Government the use of our Penitentiary as a place of safekeeping for them until other provision can be made. You will therefore please receive from the officers of the United States Government the said John Morgan and thirty others, Confederate officers, captured with him (a list of whose names is herewith handed you), and safely and securely keep them within the walls of the Penitentiary until other provisions shall be made for them. You will carefully search each prisoner as he may be handed over to you and take from him all arms and articles of value (money included) and carefully preserve the same until you may receive further directions touching the disposition thereof. You will keep said prisoners, so far as possible, separate and apart from the convicts. You will furnish them everything necessary in the way of food and clothing for their comfort, and impose only such restrictions upon them as may be necessary for their safekeeping. You will permit no one to hold interviews or communications by writing or otherwise, except by written or telegraphic orders from General Burnside. You will employ such additional force for guard or other duty as you may deen necessary. Should clothing be required for the prisoners you will make requisitions upon me for the same. You will keep an accurate account of all increased cost to the institution consequent upon a compliance with this request and report the same to me from time to time as you may require funds to meet the expenditure.

"Respectfully yours,

"DAVID TOD, "Governor and Commander-in-Chief."

7. A few weeks later the same paper heartily approved of the removal of General Schofield from the command of the Missouri Department, saying the step indicated that "treason in disguise was no longer to be tolerated therein.

CHAPTER XI.

IV. IN WARTIME-1864.

His assump

Hon. John Brough was inaugurated as Governor January 11. tion of office was opportune for the exercise of great executive talents. With such talents, among the rarest of all human endowments, he was superlatively gifted. Enormous tasks, novel responsibilities and sudden emergencies, both state and national, soon put them to the task.

The spring opened with Lieutenant-General Grant in chief command in the field and plans laid for a simultaneous advance of all the armies, from the Potomac to the Mississippi. The Army of the Potomac, directed by Grant in person, broke up its camps and crossed the Rapidan May 4. The battles of the Wilderness began May 5. General Sherman's army advanced at nearly the same time from the line of the Tennessee. On the James, the Shenandoah and the Mississippi the Union hosts were all pushing to the front and challenging their foes to one last supreme effort. Grant crossed the James River June 14; on July 20 and 22, Sherman fought two great battles before Atlanta. Pending these general movements Banks was routed on the Red River, Sigel met a like fate in the Shenandoah Valley, and Early's Confederate army menaced Washington. Atlanta fell September 2; in the same month Sheridan defeated Early in the battle of Opequan. On September 22, Sheridan won another great victory over Early at Fisher's Hill, and on October 19, still another at Cedar Creek. On November 14, General Sherman set out from Atlanta for the seacoast, and on December 21, captured the city of Savannah, of which he made a Christmas gift to the President. Meanwhile, in August, the lionhearted seacaptain, Farragut, had won one of the most splendid victories of the war in Mobile Bay. Such, briefly mentioned, were some of the leading military events of the year; their recapitulation is useful as an interpretation of contemporary events at Columbus.

Among all the loyal states which participated in this mighty game of war, Ohio fulfilled the most conspicuous part. This was due scarcely less perhaps more— to the quality and numbers of the led, than to the great leaders, which she contributed to the armies in the field. With the work of recruiting and organizing the fresh levies called for by the new emergencies of the struggle the capital of Ohio was closely identified. Columbus was the principal theatre of that work as well as the principal rendezvous of the forces collected and organized.

When Governor Brough came into office he found Ohio's quota in the national armies, under all the calls which had been made upon her, complete. Over twenty thousand veterans of the old regiments had reenlisted for three years, and when the year closed these sturdy and faithful organizations which had enlisted twice over without expectation of bounty, were beginning to arrive at Columbus on "veteran leave." They, and such as they - men who fought for no reward, who knew, yet shunned not, the hardships of the field, and who disdained to seek promotion at the rear however unfairly denied them at the front-men who loved more the turmoil and the scars of battle than all the cheap laudation and meretricious honors to be won at the recruiting station were the very bone and sinew of the armies, and deserved, as History assuredly will give them, the first honors of the war.

The reënlistment of these men imparted to the National cause fresh moral as well as numerical strength. It put Ohio ahead in her quota, stimulated general recruiting and facilitated the supply of men necessary to meet the additional calls soon to be made. First of these calls was that of February 1, for 500,000 men for three years. Of these Ohio was required to furnish 51,465; on March 15 the President additionally demanded 200,000, Ohio's share this time being 20,595. A third proclamation of July 20 summoned 500,000 more men to the field, Ohio to furnish 50,792. On December 19 a fourth call was made, asking for 300,000 volunteers, of whom Ohio was requested to furnish 26,027.

Unfortunately for the good of the army a demoralizing system of bounty-paying had been adopted in the recruiting service of the State. Governor Brough, we are told, deeply regretted this system; his regrets were wellgrounded. siderable observation of its results the writer firmly believes that the national cause would have been more effectively served had not one dollar of bounty ever been paid. The patriotism of the people properly appealed to, was quite sufficient to furnish all the men needed without resort to purely mercenary expedients. The best soldiers were those who volunteered from patriotism and not for money. The stimulus which bountypaying gave to desertion, and the fraudulent enrollment, bountyjumping and substitute brokerage which it produced were evils of the first magnitude.' The Republic, when in jeopardy of its life, is entitled to the military service of every ablebodied citizen. If this service is not voluntarily and freely given when solicited, it should be compelled. But when once adopted, the bounty system could not easily be dispensed with, and in Ohio its inducements and its evils alike became more and more aggravated. "Government, State, township bounties, hundreds piled on fresh hundreds of dollars, till it had come to such a pass," says Reid, that a community often paid in one form or another near a thousand dollars for every soldier it presented to the mustering officers, and double as much for every one it succeeded in getting into the wasted ranks at the front.” Early in the year Governor Brough conceived a plan of calling out a sufficient militia force to guard the forts and railways so as to make every veteran engaged in this service available for active duties in the field. At his suggestion the Governors of Indiana, Illinois and Iowa met him in Washington to consult upon this plan, and at that meeting a proposition to the President was formulated offer

ing eightyfive thousand infantry troops, to be furnished within twenty days from date of acceptance, for a term of service of one hundred days. These troops were to be mustered, armed, fed and paid in the same manner as other United States Infantry Volunteers, and were to serve in fortifications or wherever they might be needed within or without their respective states." No bounty was to be paid them nor were their services to be charged or credited on any draft. The number tendered from Ohio was thirty thousand.

The proposition, presented to the President April 21, was accepted two days later, and on Monday, April 25, the following general order was issued under instructions from Governor Brough by Adjutant-General B. R. Cowen :

The regiments, battalions and independent companies of infantry of the National Guard of Ohio are hereby called into active service for the term of one hundred days, unless sooner discharged. They will be clothed, armed, equipped, transported and paid by the United States Government.

These organizations will rendezvous at the most eligible places in their respective counties (the place to be fixed by the commanding officer and to be on a line of railroad if practicable) on Monday, May 2, 1864, and report by telegraph at four o'clock P. M. of the same day the number present for duty.

The alacrity with which all calls for the military forces of the State have been heretofore met furnishes the surest guarantee that the National Guard will be prompt to assemble at the appointed time. Our armies in the field are marshaling for a decisive blow, and the citizen soldiery will share the glory of the crowning victories of the campaign by relieving our veteran regiments from posts for the more arduous labors of the field.

The business and work of the season had just fairly opened when this call appeared; a great many of the militia were men who had business or industrial interests or engagements needing their personal attention; the weather was inclement; nevertheless, on the day appointed for the regiments to assemble, the Adjutant-General was able to telegraph to the Secretary of War: "More than thirty thousand National Guards are now in camp, ready for muster." So prompt. and generous was the response that on May 2 Governor Brough issued an address to the National Guard in the opening sentences of which he said : "This manifestation of loyalty and patriotism is alike honorable to yourselves and your noble

State.

In the history of this great struggle it will constitute a page that you and your descendants may hereafter contemplate with perfect satisfaction."

The work of organization was assigned to Colonel W. P. Richardson, of the Twenty fifth Ohio Infantry, at Camp Chase, and soon the troops came pouring in. The celerity with which the regiments assembled and were dispatched to their places of usefulness is indicated by the following message sent by Governor Brough on May 18 to the Secretary of War:

Ohio has sent regiments as follows: Four to Baltimore, Maryland, two to Cumberland, thirteen to Washington, and the fourteenth will leave tonight; three to Parkersburgh, four to Charleston, three to New Creek, three to Harper's Ferry. Has stationed one at Gallipolis, two at Camp Dennison, two at Camp Chase, two and a battalion of seven companies at Johnson's Island; being forty regiments and one battalion, comprising an aggregate of thirtyfour thousand men, work has been completed in sixteen days. The National Guard regiments mus

This

tered in or out, or both, at Camp Chase, were the One Hundred Thirtyfirst, -second, third, fourth, fifth, -sixth, seventh and -ninth; the One Hundred Fortysecond, third, -fourth and fifth; the One Hundred Fiftyfirst, -third and seventh; the One Hundred Sixtyfirst, second and third, and the One Hundred Seventieth and One Hundred Seventysecond.

Eleven new oneyear regiments, numbered from 173 to 183, were organized during the year. Of these, the One Hundred Seventy fourth, Colonel John S. Jones, was organized at Camp Chase September 23, and left two days later for Nashville; the One Hundred Seventysixth, Colonel Edwin C. Mason, was organized at Camp Chase September 21, and left at once for Tennessee; the One Hundred Seventyeighth, Colonel J. A. Stafford, organized at Camp Chase September 29, was also dispatched at once to Nashville; the One Hundred Seventyninth, Colonel Harley H. Sage, organized at Camp Chase September 28, arrived at Nashville, October 8; the One Hundred Eightieth, Colonel Willard Warner, organized at Camp Chase October 9, departed for Nashville October 15; and the One Hundred Eightysecond, Colonel Lewis Butler, organized at Camp Chase October 28, arrived at Nashville November 6. The Thirtyseventh lowa which passed Columbus September 1, was said to contain no soldier or officer under fortyfive years of age.

The various efforts made and means employed to meet the different demands for troops during the year were attended by some curious local incidents. On May 3 a much-dreaded draft took place at the City Hall on Fourth Street, in the presence of a committee, the members of which were Provost Marshal James A. Wilcox, Commissioner S. S. Hinkle, Surgeon S. Lemon and G. K. Armstrong, clerk. A newspaper account of this proceeding ran thus:

Having called the vast assemblage to order, the Provost Marshal took his stand upon the platform on which the ominous looking keg was placed, which, in a few moments, would hold the fate of many an anxious individual who was waiting with impatience to draw a prize. Captain Wilcox explained in a lucid manner the modus operandi, after which he requested the audience to name a person, without regard to his political bias, who should draw the names from the wheel of fortune. No one responding to the request, the Captain named Mr. John Olstot, who was unanimously endorsed by the multitude present. After preliminaries were all arranged, Commissioner Hinkle stated [that] the subdistrict of the Seventh Ward, being the first ward whose quota was deficient, they would proceed to draw seven men from the number enrolled. The whole number enrolled in this ward of both classes was 505. The name of each person enrolled was written upon a card and the Provost Marshal proceeded to place them in the keg, and as they were silently dropped in Mr. Ötstot, in a loud, clear voice, called out the numbers. . . . A handkerchief was then tied over the eyes of Mr. Otstot. . . . The Provost Marshal then taking hold of the crank of the "churn" turned it round in a rapid manner, frequently reversing the order of circumlocution until they [the cards] were completely mixed, when Mr. Otstot drew out the first name. The first prize was awarded to Jacob Bower, and in like manner proceeding he drew out the remaining six prizes which were awarded to the following gentlemen: George Weaver, John Woodward, Charles Shank, Jeremiah Crawley, Charles Keintz and S. H. Witte. Thus ended the anxious fears of the Seventh Warders.