38 Athens County. 550 Rome 765 173 Saybrook 2,642 1,323 Sheffield Denmark Fairport Trumbull 527 Wayne. 767 Orwell 459 Williamsfield . 892 1,397 530 Windsor 438 553 639 Phelps Capital-JEFFERSON. It is situated on Mill's creek ten miles from its entrance into Lake Erie. In 1840 it contained a brick courthouse, forty by fifty feet, an academy, three stores, and a printing-office, issuing The town contained five schools, one hundred a weekly newspaper. and ten scholars, and a population, in 1847, of about twelve hundred. ATHENS COUNTY. ATHENS is situated in the southeast, on the Ohio river, and contains seven hundred and forty square miles. It was formed from Washington, in 1805, and was so named from its seat of justice. The surface is hilly and broken; the soil is fertile, and alike adapted to grazing and to grain culture. Watered chiefly by the Hockhocking river. Its bottom-lands, along the rivers, are very rich. The principal crops are wheat, corn, and oats. Tobacco is extensively cultivated. Coal, limestone, freestone, and iron ore, abound in many places, and salt is one The first white inhabitants in the county were of its articles of export. French fur-traders, who built a fort upon the Hockhocking river. Its towns and their population, in 1840, were: Capital. ATHENS. It is beautifully situated on a peninsula, formed by a bend in the Hockhocking river. It is in the northernmost of two townships, granted by Congress for the support of a university. The houses are generally built of brick, and are large and commodious; and the whole appearance of the village is picturesque and beautiful. It contains over one hundred dwellings, and seven hundred and ten inhabitants. The public buildings are a presbyterian and a methodist church, a college, and an academy, a courthouse, public offices, a jail, Belmont County. 39 &c. The Ohio university was founded in 1821, has a president, five professors, or other instructors, one hundred and forty-five alumni, of whom thirty-four have been clergymen, one hundred and sixty-five students, and two thousand five hundred volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the first Wednesday in August. Its funds yield about five thousand dollars. Connected with it is an academy, with a building two stories high, containing forty students. The college edifice, including a stone basement, is four stories high, on a slight eminence in the south part of the town, with a beautiful green of several acres in front. It is one of the most respectable institutions of the kind in the state. In 1840 there were in the village thirteen stores, capital twentysix thousand six hundred dollars; two tanneries, three gristmills, and three sawmills. Capital in manufactures, twenty-four thousand nine hundred dollars. Three schools and one hundred and twenty scholars. Athens township, in which the above village is situated, had, exclusive of the village, two sawmills, six gristmills, nine schools, and two hundred and eight scholars. Population of the village, seven hundred and ten. BELMONT COUNTY. BELMONT lies in the east, on the Ohio river, and contains five hundred and thirty-six square miles. It was formed and established in 1801, by proclamation of Governor St. Clair, and was the ninth county organized in the northwestern territory. Its name is of French origin, and signifies fine or excellent mountain. The surface is generally hilly, and being greatly elevated, many beautiful prospects, particularly toward the east, are presented. Watered chiefly by Indian, Wheeling, and Captina creeks. Its whole southern border is washed by the Ohio. The soil is generally fertile. Principal productions are wheat, Indian corn, oats, and tobacco. Many sheep and swine are raised in the county. Its towns and their population, in 1840, were:— Colerain Flushing Goshen Kirkwood Mead Pease Pultney.. Warren 1,390 1,747 2,408 Wayne York. Capital:-ST. CLAIRSVILLE. It is situated on the national road. The situation is elevated and commanding. In 1840 it had a courthouse, a jail, county offices, six churches-one presbyterian, one episcopal, one methodist, two friends, one unionisteight stores, three printing-offices, two hundred dwellings, and about a market-house, a bank, twentyfifteen hundred inhabitants. Brown and Butler Counties. BROWN COUNTY. BROWN lies on the Ohio river, in the southwest part of the state, and contains about four hundred and seventy square miles. It was formed from Adams and Clermont, in 1817, and was so named in honor of General Jacob Brown, a distinguished officer of 1812. On the Ohio, the surface is broken and hilly, but a few miles in the interior it is quite level. The soil is generally fertile, and in some parts is superior for the production of the grain staples. Watered chiefly by Eagle, Red Oak, Straight, and White creeks. Its chief produce is wheat, rye, oats, Indian corn, and pork. Its towns and their population, in 1840, were:— Capital.-GEORGETOWN. It is situated in Pleasant township, one mile from White Oak creek, seven and a quarter miles from the Ohio river, one hundred and seven south-southwest of Columbus, and four hundred and sixty six from Washington. In 1840 it had a courthouse, jail, four churches one presbyterian, one baptist, one methodist, and one new light-twelve stores, two tanneries, one brewery, one printing-office, and one weekly newspaper, various mechanic shops, one hundred and twenty houses, many of them of brick, and six hundred inhabitants. BUTLER COUNTY. BUTLER lies in the southwest, and contains four hundred and eighty square miles. It was formed from Hamilton, in 1803, and was named in honor of General Richard Butler, a revolutionary officer who was killed at St. Clair's defeat. Its surface is generally level, and the soil exceedingly fertile, being within the limestone region. Staple productions, wheat, corn, oats, and pork. It is the best corn region in Ohio, the annual crop being nearly three millions of bushels. The Miami river and Miami canal cross it. Inhabitants chiefly of German descent. Its towns and their population, in 1840, were: — Capital.-HAMILTON. It is situated on the southeast bank of the Great Miami river. In 1840 it had five churches-one presbyterian, one episco Carroll and Champaign Counties. 41 pal, one methodist, one associate reformed, and one Roman catholicone female academy, one bank, thirteen stores, seven warehouses, two gristmills, one sawmill, one brewery, one cloth-dressing and carding machine, two hundred and fifty dwellings, and about eighteen hundred inhabitants. It is connected with Rossville, on the opposite of Miami river, by a bridge. CARROLL COUNTY. CARROLL is situated in the east, and contains about four hundred square miles. It was formed in 1833, from Columbiana, Stark, Tuscarawas, Harrison, and Jefferson. It received its name from Charles Carroll of Carrollton, then the last surviving signer of the declaration of American independence. The surface is generally hilly, and the soil rich and fertile, producing chiefly wheat, oats, and corn. abound in some parts. Watered by Sandy and Conoten creeks, and the Iron and coal north fork of Yellow creek. Population originally were mainly from Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. Its towns and their population, in 1840, were:— Augusta Brown 1,234 Harrison 1,308 Perry 889 1,024 1,528 Capital.-CARROLLTON. It has a courthouse, several stores, two printing-offices, four churches, and 800 inhabitants in 1847. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY. CHAMPAIGN is situated toward the west, and contains seven hundred and ninety-two square miles. It was formed in 1805, from Green and Franklin. Generally the surface is level, but in many places it is rolling, and others quite hilly, while a twentieth part is wet prairie, well adapted for herd grazing. Its name is derived from the character of its surface. The soil is very productive. Staples are wheat, corn, oats, barley, and hay. Wool is grown extensively, and beef cattle are fatted in abundance. Mad river and its tributaries water the county, and afford many excellent mill-sites. The population consists chiefly of New-Englanders, and people from northern states. Its towns and their population, in 1840, were :— 42 Clarke and Clermont Counties. Capital.-URBANNA. In 1840 the village contained a courthouse, jail, a market-house, a methodist church, nine stores, and ten hundred and seventy inhabitants. There were in the township ten stores, one fulling-mill, one woollen factory, two tanneries, one printing-office. Capital in manufactures, one thousand dollars. Population, thirteen hundred and eighty-six. CLARKE COUNTY. CLARKE is situated toward the southwestern part of the state, and contains four hundred and twelve square miles. It was formed in 1817, from Champaign, Madison, and Greene. It was so named in honor of General George Roger Clarke, an officer of the revolution, and one of its first settlers. Its soil is very fertile, and in a high state of cultivation, producing chiefly Indian corn, wheat, and oats. Springs everywhere abound, and it is watered by the Mad river and Beaver and Bucks creeks. Inhabitants principally descended from Virginians and western Pennsylvanians. Its towns and their population, in 1840, Pike. 1,436 1,091 1,059 Moorefield. Springfield.. 2,349 1,660 Greene. . 1,071 In 1840 Capital. SPRINGFIELD. It is situated on the national road, and on the east fork of Mad river, which affords extensive water-power. it contained a fine courthouse, a clerk's office, jail, one male and one female academy, four churches-one presbyterian, one methodist, one reformed methodist, and one associate reformed-thirty stores, one papermill, one gristmill, one carding and fulling mill, one brewery, one distillery, one printing-office, which issues a weekly newspaper, fifteen schools, seven hundred and ninety-three scholars, four hundred dwellings, and about two thousand and sixty-two inhabitants. There were in the township, exclusive of the village, one academy, and sixty students. Population in 1847, about three thousand five hundred. CLERMONT COUNTY. CLERMONT is situated in the southwest, on the Ohio river, and contains about four hundred and fifty square miles. It was formed in 1800, and was the eighth county erected in the northwestern territory, by proclamation of Governor St. Clair. The origin of its name is not certainly known, but is supposed to be from Clermont in France. The Soil rich, but in many parts too wet for surface is generally broken. successful cultivation. Watered by the East fork, a branch of the Little Miami river. Limestone and marl are found in abundance. Its |