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him, for he had her sent immediately into exile; a punishment which was certainly lenient enough for the mischief she meditated. Her fury, when she heard the sentence, passed all bounds; after having inveighed against the cardinal as the cause of all the evils which afflicted the country, she concluded by declaring, that she should still find the means of making him expiate all his crimes by his blood.

Of all the victims whom Richelieu sacrificed to his safety or his ambition, there is not one whose fate moves our sympathy more than that of the Marshal de Marillac, who, as well as his brother, was decidedly attached to the interests of the queen mother and Gaston. Marillac, De la Force, and Schomberg were at that time all three joint commanders of the French army; for, according to the singular custom of those times, they took the command each by turns for a day. Marillac was in daily expectation of hearing of the disgrace of the cardinal, which his brother, who was at court, had assured him would certainly take place very speedily. A king's messenger arrived with dispatches at the moment that the three marshals were going to sit down to dinner. De la Force and Schomberg were already arrived, but Marillac was not yet come. "Let us dine," said De la Force, " and we will afterwards read the dispatches with M. Marillac: it is his day."Schomberg, more curious, read the dispatch, and finding that it was an order to arrest Marillac, he communicated it to Puységur: both of them were greatly embarrassed. Marillac had that day the command, and besides his being in general beloved by the troops, he had brought with him

from Champagne 7000 men, whỏ were devoted to him. Schomberg and Puységur called a council of the captains of the guards, and informed De la Force of the contents of the dispatches. Some moments afterwards Marillac arrived, and ordered the captains of the guards to retire. "No," said Schomberg," they must remain to assist me to execute the orders of the king."-" Sir," added the Marshal de la Force, "I am your friend, you will not doubt it, and it is as such that I beg you will submit to the will of his majesty without murmuring and with patience: perhaps it will end in nothing." He then shewed him the order.

"Sir," replied Marillac with great dignity and firmness," it is not permitted to a subject to murmur against his master, nor to say that what his king alleges against him is false. I can with truth protest that I have never done any thing contrary to my allegiance; but the truth is, that my brother and I have always been the servants of the queen mother, against whom and her friends the Cardinal de Richelieu directs his vengeance."

Having obtained permission to see his nephew, colonel of a regiment of infantry, he charged him not to grieve for his fate, but to be always mindful of his last injunction, which was to serve the king faithfully. He beg→ ged of him also to tell all the officers of the troops who had accompa→ nied him from Champagne, that if they ever wished to oblige him, and to give him pleasure, it would be by redoubling their zeal and devotion in the service of the king.

These proofs of loyalty and devotion did not, however, save the brave soldier from the fate prepared for him by his wily enemy. He lost his

head upon the scaffold; an act which will always reflect disgrace upon the memory of Richelieu, whose safety

might have been secured as well by the banishment as by the death of his victim.

REMARKABLE DREAM.

Ir may be assumed as a certain Some philosophers imagine that fact, that almost every man has, at the mind never remains inert, that some period or other of his life, ex-successions of ideas incessantly preperienced in sleep a consciousness sent themselves, and that thought is of every action he could have per- always employed. With respect, formed when awake. He travels over extended regions; he runs, walks, rides with freedom and agility, and || not unfrequently seems endued with new and superior powers; he soars aloft, and is wafted through the air, or gently descending, he glides through the waters, and with such perfect command and security, that when he awakes, he is hardly persuaded it was but a dream. In opposition to these observations it is urged, that exactly similar effects are produced from disease: such is its influence in numberless cases, that the subject seems just as forcibly impressed, as from any ideas that could be received through the medium of the senses. Persons insane will persevere in exercises beyond their usual strength, seeming all the while to entertain no doubt that they are moving in carriages, on horseback, performing military exercises and evolutions, or buried in philosophical experiments. Multitudes of such cases will readily occur; and it is argued, that as the mind, in those examples, is evidently not disengaged from the controul of the body, so neither, in the other, is there any reason to suppose it different; the circumstance of sleep and insensibility being something not unlike disease, a state of suspension of many of the active

powers.

however, to this notion, it may be alleged, that it is highly improbable that dreams, which, according to the supposition, must perpetually occur, should be so seldom and so faintly recollected. To this it may be answered, that the same thing happens when we are awake. Let any person try to recal the whole train of ideas that has passed through his mind during the twelve hours that he has been stirring about in the ordinary business of the day: he will be able to remember particular essential transactions; but if he attempts to recover the mass of ideas that filled his mind for that portion of time, or even only a considerable part of the time, he will find it impracticable labour to trace the connection of his thoughts. The same broken cons fused assemblage will be perceived even by him who possesses the most retentive memory, as when he first awakes with that imperfect consciousness that is usually termed a dream. Were we to commit to writing, in the minutest manner, every idea our remembrance then suggested, it would be difficult, perhaps impossible, to collect such a number as would employ one hour to read over.

The popular belief, that dreams are a kind of preternatural admonition, meant to direct our conduct, is a notion extremely dangerous. As

they have been either noticed or recollected.

Amongst the various histories of singular dreams and corresponding events, the following seems to merit being rescued from oblivion. Its authenticity will appear from the relation; and a more extraordinary con

circumstances can scarcely be produced or paralleled.

Adam Rogers, a creditable and decent person, a man of good sense and repute, who kept a public-house in Portlaw, a small hamlet nine or ten miles from Waterford, in Ireland, dreamed one night that he saw two men at a particular green spot on the adjoining mountain, one of them a small sickly-looking man, the other remarkably strong and large. He then saw the little man murder the other, and awoke in great agitation. The circumstances of the dream were so distinct and forcible, that he con

nothing can be more ill-founded, it || happened much more frequently than ought to be strenuously combated. Innumerable reasons might be offered; but it will be sufficient to say, that it is inconsistent with the general design of Providence; it would overturn the principles that regulate society. The benign intention of the Author of nature is in no instance more eminently displayed than incurrence of fortuitous and accidental withholding from us the certain knowledge of future events. Were it otherwise constituted, man would be the most miserable of beings; he would become indifferent to every || action, and incapable of exertion; overwhelmed with the terrors of impending misfortune, he would endure the misery of criminals awaiting the moment of execution. The proof, unanswerable and decisive, that dreams are not to be considered as prognostics, is, that no example can be produced of their successful effect, either in pointing out means of preventing harm, or facilitating benefit. Certain instances may be alleg-tinued much affected by them. He ed, where the conformity of a dream with some subsequent event may have been remarkable; but we may venture to assert, that such discoveries have generally happened after the facts, and that fancy and ingenuity have had the chief share in tracing the resemblance, or finding out the explanation. If it be grant-mountain, and calling to Mr. Browne, ed that thought never stops, and pointed it out to him, and told him that the mind is perpetually employ- what had appeared in his dream. ed, the wonder should rather be, During the remainder of the day he that so few cases of similitude have || thought little more about it. Next been recorded. If millions of the morning he was extremely startled at human species through the whole seeing two strangers enter his house, extent of time have been, during their about eleven o'clock in the forenoon. state of slumber, continually subject He immediately ran into the inner to dream, perhaps the calculators room, and desired his wife to take of chances would be apt to maintain, particular notice, for they were prethat near coincidences have probably cisely the two men that he had seen

related them to his wife, and also to several neighbours, next morning. After some time he went out coursing with greyhounds, accompanied, amongst others, by one Mr. Browne, the Roman Catholic priest of the parish. He soon stopped at the above-mentioned green spot on the

in his dream. When they had con- || very near the place observed by Rogers in his dream, Caulfield took the opportunity of murdering his companion. It appeared afterwards, from his own account of the horrid transaction, that as they were getting over a ditch, he struck Hickey on the back part of the head with a stone, and when he fell down into the trench, in consequence of the blow, Caulfield

knife, and cut his throat so deeply, that the head was almost severed from the body. He then rifled Hickey's pockets of all the money in them, took part of his clothes, and

and afterwards proceeded on his way to Carrick. He had not been long gone, when the body, still warm, was discovered by some labourers who were returning to their work from dinner.

sulted with one another, their apprehensions were alarmed for the little weakly man, though contrary to the appearance in the dream. After the|| strangers had taken some refreshment, and were about to depart in order to prosecute their journey, Rogers earnestly endeavoured to dissuade the little man from quitting his house and going on with his fellow-stabbed him several times with a traveller. He assured him, that if he would remain with him that day, he would accompany him to Carrick next morning, that being the town to which the travellers were proceeding, and near which the little man's rela-every thing else of value about him, tions lived. He was unwilling and ashamed to tell the cause of his being so solicitous to separate him from his companion; but as he observed that Hickey, which was the name of the little man, seemed to be quiet and gentle in his deportment, and had money about him, and that the other had a ferocious bad countenance, the dream still recurred to him. He dreaded that something fatal would happen; and he wished, at all events, to keep them asunder. However, the humane precautions of Rogers proved ineffectual; for Caulfield, such was the other's name, prevailed upon Hickey to continue with him on their way to Carrick, declaring that, as they had long travelled together, they should not part, but remain together until he should see Hickey safely arrive at the habitation of his friends. The wife of Rogers was much dissatisfied when she found that they were gone, and blamed her husband exceedingly for not being peremptory in detaining Hickey. north side of the river Suir to WaAbout an hour after they left Port-terford, intending to take his passage law, in a lonely part of the mountain, in the first ship from thence to NewVol. III. No. XV.

The report of the murder soon reached to Portlaw. Rogers and his wife went to the place, and instantly recognised the body of him whom they had in vain endeavoured to dissuade from going on with his treacherous companion. They at once spoke out their suspicions, that the murder was perpetrated by the fellowtraveller of the deceased. An immediate search was made, and Caulfield was apprehended at Waterford, the second day afterwards. He was brought to trial at the ensuing assizes, and convicted of the fact. It appeared on the trial, amongst other circumstances, that when he arrived at Carrick, he hired a horse, and a boy to conduct him, not by the usual road, but by that which runs on the

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After the sentence, Caulfield confessed the fact. It came out that Hickey had been in the West Indies twenty-two years; but falling into a bad state of health, he was returning to his native country, Ireland, bringing with him some money, which his

on board which he took his passage was, by stress of weather, driven into Minehead. He there met with Frederick Caulfield, an Irish sailor, who was poor, and much distressed for clothes and common necessaries. Hickey, compassionating his poverty, and finding that he was his countryman, relieved his wants, and an intimacy commenced between them. They agreed to go to Ireland together, and it was remarked on their passage, that Caulfield spoke contemptuously, and often said it was a

foundland. The boy took notice of some blood on his shirt, and Caulfield gave him half-a-crown to promise not to speak of it. Rogers proved not only that Hickey was seen last in company with Caulfield, but that a pair of new shoes which Hickey wore had been found on the feet of Caul-industry had acquired. The vessel field when he was apprehended; and that a pair of old shoes which he had on at Rogers' house, were upon Hickey's feet when the body was found. He described with great exactness every article of their clothes. Caulfield, on the cross examination, shrewdly asked him from the dock, whether it was not very extraordinary, that he who kept a public-house should take such particular notice of the dress of a stranger accidentally calling there? Rogers answered that he had a very particular reason, but was ashamed to mention it: the court and prisoner insisting on his declaring it, he gave a circumstantial narrative of his dream, called upon Mr. Browne, the priest, then in the court, to corroborate his statement, and said that his wife had severely reproached him for permitting Hickey to leave their house, when he knew that, in the short footway to Carrick, they must necessarily pass by the green spot on the mountain which had ap-ed the whole of a trial of a shoemakpeared in his dream. A number of witnesses came forward, and the proofs were so strong, that the jury, without hesitation, found the prisoner guilty. It was remarked, as a singularity, that he happened to be tried and sentenced by his namesake, Saint George Caulfield, at that time Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, which office he resigned in the summer of the year 1760*.

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* Frederick Caulfield was tried and found guilty at the Waterford assises,

pity that such a puny fellow as Hickey should have money, and he himself be without a shilling. They landed at Waterford, at which place they staid some days, Caulfield being all the time supported by Hickey, who there bought some clothes for him. The assizes being held in the town during that time, it was afterwards recollected that they were both at the court-house, and attend

er, who was convicted for the murder of his wife. But this made no impression on the hardened mind of Caulfield; for the very next day he perpetrated the same crime.

He walked to the gallows with a firm step and undaunted countenance. He spoke to the multitude before the Lord Chief Justice Saint George Caulfield, on July 25, 1759, and executed on Wednesday, the 8th August following.Vide The Gentleman's Magazine for August 1788.

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