the Ordnance. He also administered the government of Ireland as lord-lieutenant, in 1767. His lordship married twice; firstly in 1751, to Lady Charlotte Compton, only surviving daughter of the Earl of Northampton. Her ladyship died in 1770; secondly, in 1773, Anne, daughter and co-heir of Sir William Montgomery, Baronet, by both of whom he had a numerous family. His demise took place on the 14th of September, 1807.

HON. ROBERT MONCKTON.

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL THE HONORABLE ROBERT MONCKTON, a brave and distinguished general, who led one of the divisions, and was wounded at the battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759; upon him the command should have fallen when General Townshend proceeded to England, had it not been for his wound, and his having to go to New York to a more genial climate. He was the second son of the first Viscount Galway, by Elizabeth, daughter of John, second Duke of Rutland.

General Monckton did not return to Canada, but became governor and commander-in-chief of New York, and subsequently governor of Berwick and Holy Island. His demise occurred on the 3rd of May, 1782.

HON. JAMES MURRAY.

Of all the men who have served and fought for Canada, no one deserves more highly to be remembered, or is more entitled to our esteem and gratitude than the brave and valorous general, whose name graces the head of this notice. But for him and his judicious, manly and exemplary conduct, Great Britain would not so easily have obtained possession of Canada.

General Murray was a son of the fourth Lord Elibank. He early entered into the service of his country, and served for some

time on the continent of Europe. On the expedition being fitted out for the conquest of Canada, he was included in it, and led a brigade at the battle of the Plains of Abraham, and the siege of Quebec. In this high position he did much to contribute to the brilliant victory which the British arms achieved. On the taking of Quebec, Wolfe being dead, Monckton wounded, and the Marquis Townshend having to depart for England, the command of the city and forces was judiciously intrusted to General Murray. He accordingly assumed the charge, and at once did everything which he possibly could for the defence of the city against the anticipated attack of General De Lévis. Twelve redoubts and outposts were erected around Quebec, and he laid in an ample supply of provisions for the ensuing winter. These were all wise and prudent measures, and were no mean proof of the skill and foresight of the general. Indeed, it required all his vigilance to preserve the city. The first days of spring brought De Lévis and his army, consisting of twelve thousand men, while that of Murray amounted only to three thousand five hundred, two-thirds of whom had been enfeebled with disease. Nevertheless, his gallant and chivalrous spirit did not shrink from encountering such a superior force, and on the 28th of April, he sallied bravely forth from the gates and ancient battlements of Quebec to offer the enemy battle. De Lévis was encamped and taken by surprise, but he speedily formed his men in column, and a general battle took place, now known as the "Second Battle of Quebec." This contest was fiercely maintained than the first, and the raking fire kept up by the superior force of the French army under the able leadership of De Lévis, produced such telling effect, that Murray ordered a retreat, carrying with him all his wounded, to the number of seven hundred, but leaving his guns behind. He has been much condemned for sacrificing his men, and attacking such a large and superior force, and has therefore been designated "rash" and "hotheaded"; but whoever surveys that record of our history calmly and dispassionately, cannot but admire the man and his brave and intrepid conduct. He did his duty, and performed it better than could have been expected; for he left eighteen hundred of the enemy dead on the field, and only lost about three hundred of his own men, his coolness and self-possession having much intimidated the French. Now, however, he had a greater care entrusted to him, the number of wounded, and the defence of the city, with a small and decreased force within the walls, and an overwhelming one without, battering away at the devoted walls of the ancient city to compel him to capitulate. Yet he lost not his self-possession, but, as gallantly and devotedly as before, took all measures and precautions to secure the city; that was now his sole thought-that his sole object; and his efforts were crowned with success. Aid arrived from England, and the French were compelled to beat a

even more

precipitate retreat, while the gallant Murray still held Quebec. On the 14th of June he left that city and proceeded to Montreal, there to join Lord Amherst with the main army, and to force the remnant of the French to capitulate, and thus sever the connection of France with Canada forever. They succeeded, and the French forces were allowed to march out with all the honors of war.

Shortly after Murray's return to Quebec, he was appointed the first governor-general of the province, and he continued in this high office till 1767. During his administration, the form of government and the laws to be observed in the new colony were promulgated; the many evils that arose therefrom caused much dissatisfaction among the French people, and Governor Murray did all in his power to alleviate the discontented feeling, but with only partial success. Nevertheless, he won the good will and esteem of the whole French race in Canada, and lost that of a part of his countrymen, because he would not conform to their prejudices against the poor natives and those of French origin. He left for England on leave of absence; but when he arrived there he was appointed to a much better field for his talents and abilities, and he accordingly resigned his connection with Canada.

General Murray was subsequently distinguished for his gallant, though unsuccessful defence of Minorca, in 1781, against the Duc de Crillon, at the head of a large Spanish and French force. De Crillon, despairing of success, endeavored to corrupt the gallant Scott, and offered him the sum of one million sterling for the surrender of the fortress. Indignant at the attempt, General Murray immediately addressed the following letter to the duke :"FORT ST. PHILLIP, 16th October, 1781.

"When your brave ancestor was desired by his sovereign to assassinate the Duke de Guise, he returned the answer which you should have thought of when you attempted to assassinate the character of a man whose birth is as illustrious as your own, or that of the Duke de Guise. I can have no further communication with you but in arms. If you have any humanity, pray send clothing for your unfortunate prisoners in my possession; leave it at a distance to be taken up for them, because I will admit of no contact for the future, but such as is hostile to the most inveterate degree." To this the Duc replied:

"Your letter restores each of us to our places; it confirms in me the high opinion which I have always had of you. I accept your last proposal with pleasure."

In June, 1794, he ended a long and honorable career in the service of his country, in which he had risen to much distinction; but perhaps not more than his services, high talents and abilities deserved. As a soldier he stood foremost in the army, and had

won his way by his own merit and his own good sword, owing nothing to influence. As a genuine Christian officer, he was esteemed by all good men, and ever distinguished for his humanity and readiness to relieve the oppressed.

A singular incident is related by Haydyn, in his "Book of Dignities," concerning this good and honorable man. He says that after his death, on his corpse being opened for the purpose of being embalmed, many bullets, by which he had been wounded both in Germany and America, were extracted. His remains were privately interred in Westminister Abbey.

GENERAL THOMAS GAGE.

THE last appointed Governor of Massachusetts by the king. He accompanied General Braddock to America, and was present when that officer was killed. In 1760 he was made Governor of Montreal, and in 1763 was appointed commander-in-chief of the British forces in North America, in succession to General Amherst. In 1774 he was appointed Governor of Massachusetts, in which office he rendered himself very obnoxious to the people by his arbitrary proceedings; and in the following year the Provincial Congress disqualified him from serving as governor. to England, where he died in 1787.

Soon after he returned

DUC DE LÉVIS.

MARSHAL DUC DE LÉVIS, although only "Chevalier de Lévis during the time he fought under Montcalm in this country, held the rank of second in command. He was a most brave and chivalrous general, whom Garneau declares superior in many respects to Montcalm; born in 1720, at the Chateau d'Anjac en Languedoc, the same birthplace as Levy de Ventadour, who was Viceroy of New France in 1625. He had early adopted the glorious profession, to which he was an honor and a credit; he energetically mastered

every difficulty that lay in his way, or obstructed the fulfilment of his desire to become a perfect soldier; and the result showed how well he had accomplished the task which he had imposed on himself. He took part at the battle of Carillon, where he commanded the right division; as also at Montmorenci, where the French repulsed Wolfe in his endeavor to gain the fortified camp that covered Quebec. He was, however, absent at Montreal, when the first battle of Quebec was fought; and therefore, when Montcalm fell, could not take the command. This was an unfortunate circumstance for the French, as they had no one in whom they could place so much confidence as in their recognized leader, De Lévis; the army, consequently, fell into confusion, and the English gained the victory. At the second battle of Quebec,* which took place near St. Foy, and where he had gathered the remnant of the French army with the ostensible purpose of wresting Quebec from Murray's hands, he commanded, and achieved a victory over Murray; but this so-called victory was not so complete as to prevent the latter from still holding the city. De Lévis, elated by his success, still kept near Quebec until spring, when, on reinforcements arriving from England, he had to beat a hasty retreat to Montreal; and even there he would have held out against the English until the very last, had not De Vaudreuil wisely capitulated. He returned to France, and again sought active service. In 1762 we find him at the battle of Johannisbourg, where the Prince of Condé obtained a signal victory over the forces of Prince Ferdinand. In 1783, the government of Artois, as a reward for his services, created him a French Marshal, and in the next year, a Duke and Peer of France. He died in 1787, whilst endeavoring to uphold the State of Arras

GENERAL SIMON FRASER,

BETTER known in Canada as Colonel Fraser of Fraser's High landers, was the son of the celebrated thirteenth Lord Lovat, who was beheaded at Tower Hill, in 1747, for his participation in the Scotch rising of 1745. General Fraser, in his earlier days, had been himself an adherent of Charles Edward; but subsequently obtaining a free pardon, and the seventy-eighth regiment, or Fraser's Highlanders having been formed of the Scottish clans, he joined

*A very handsome monument has been erected at St. Foy, principally through the efforts of Dr. P. M. Bardy, Quebec, to commemorate this battle.